List of pre-twentieth century structures by height

Name Municipality (current) Country (current) Height (feet) Height (metres) Completed Comments
Eiffel TowerParisFrance9863001889
New Brighton TowerNew BrightonUnited Kingdom5671731900Tower dismantled from 1919.
Washington MonumentWashington, D.C.United States5551691884
United States Capitol BuildingWashington, D.C.United States288871866
Mole AntonellianaTurinItaly549.54167.51889
Philadelphia City HallPhiladelphiaUnited States5481671894
Ulm MinsterUlmGermany529.92161.531890
Lincoln CathedralLincolnUnited Kingdom5251601311Spire destroyed in 1548.
St. Olaf's ChurchTallinnEstonia5221591519Spire destroyed in 1625. Reconstructed with 139 meters.
Blackpool TowerBlackpoolUnited Kingdom5181581894
Cologne CathedralCologneGermany5161571880
Yongning Pagoda (永宁宝塔)LuoyangChina448137~154.95516Burned to the ground in 534 after being struck by lightning.
Beauvais CathedralBeauvaisFrance156 (choir) / 502 (tower)47.5 (choir) / 153 (tower)1272/1569From 1569 to 1573, the tower was the tallest structure on earth.
Rouen CathedralRouenFrance4951511876
St. Mary's ChurchStralsundGermany4951511625Spire destroyed 1647. Reconstructed with about 104-meter.
Old St. Paul's CathedralLondonUnited Kingdom493150.21240Spire destroyed in 1561. Completely destroyed in 1666.
St. NikolaiHamburgGermany4821471874
Great PyramidGizaEgypt481146.6c. 2570 BCOne of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Pyramid of KhafreGizaEgypt475143c. 2530 BC
Strasbourg CathedralStrasbourgFrance4721421439Highest building between 1647 and 1874, between the St. Mary's Church spire collapse and the construction of the Church of St. Nicholas.
Halsbrücker EsseHalsbrückeGermany4591401889
St. Peter's BasilicaVatican City4521381626
St. Stephen's CathedralViennaAustria448c. 136.741433
St. Martin's ChurchLandshutGermany428130.61500Tallest brickwork tower in the world.
Amiens CathedralAmiensFrance415126.61533
St. Mary'sLübeckGermany4101251350Second tallest brickwork tower in the world.
Cathedral of Our LadyAntwerpBelgium4041231521
Salisbury CathedralSalisburyUnited Kingdom4041231320
Belltower of Peter and Paul CathedralSaint PetersburgRussia401122.51733
JetavanaramayaAnuradhapuraSri Lanka400122273–301
Basilica of San GaudenzioNovaraItaly3971211887
Phra PathommachediNakhon PathomThailand396120.451870
Kanishka stupaPeshawarPakistan400120200Destroyed by White Huns in 460 CE.
Pharos LighthouseAlexandriaEgypt338~387103~118[1]c. 280 BCOne of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Destroyed by earthquakes in 1303 and 1323.
Sint-WalburgiskerkZutphenNetherlands38411716th centuryCurrent height: 76 m. Until 1600, the church was 117 m tall and the highest structure in the Netherlands before the 20th century.
Potala PalaceLhasaChina3841171694
Freiburg MinsterFreiburg im BreisgauGermany380.7116c. 1330
Church of Our LadyBrugesBelgium379.3115.6c. 1465Third tallest brickwork tower in the world.
St. Andrew's ChurchHildesheimGermany376114.51883Tallest church tower in Lower Saxony.
Florence CathedralFlorenceItaly375114.51436
Torrazzo of CremonaCremonaItaly369.75112.71309
Shwedagon PagodaYangonMyanmar3671121775Successively rebuilt taller: 18m (1362); 40m (1462)
New St. Paul's CathedralLondonUnited Kingdom365111.21677Built after the destruction of Old St. Paul's.
Seven-Story Pagoda at Shōkoku-jiKyotoJapan358109.11399Destroyed by fire in 1403.
Dom Tower of UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands3581091382Restored in 1912 to reach current height of 112 metres.
Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)DelftNetherlands356.79108.751895
Milwaukee City HallMilwaukeeUnited States3531081895
Chaturbhuj TempleOrchhaIndia344104.8c. 1558Chaturbhuj Temple dedicated to Vishnu was the tallest structure in the Indian subcontinent from 1558 to 1970.
Red PyramidDahshurEgypt345105c. 2600 BC
St. Catherine's ChurchHoogstratenBelgium343.5104.71548
Palace of JusticeBrusselsBelgium3411041883
Old City Hall (Toronto)TorontoCanada340103.61899Largest civic building in North America prior to 20th century
Cathedral of St. Bartholomew (Plzeň)PlzeňCzech Republic335103c. 1480Construction begun in 1342.
St Martin's CathedralYpresBelgium3351021370
GiraldaSevilleSpain330101156868 m when was constructed in 1171; built it higher in 1568
Shwesandaw PagodaBaganMyanmar328+100+c. 1057100 meters tall without counting its hti spire
St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan)New York CityUnited States329.6100.51888
East Seven-Story Pagoda at Tōdai-jiNaraJapan328100c. 743Burned down by war in 1181
West Seven-Story Pagoda at Tōdai-jiNaraJapan328100c. 743Burned down by lightning in 943
St Mark's CampanileVeniceItaly32398.61514
Onze Lieve VrouwetorenAmersfoortNetherlands322.698.331470
St Vitus ChurchHilversumNetherlands321.5981892
St. Rumbold's CathedralMechelenBelgium31997.28c. 1520
Torre AsinelliBolognaItaly318.997.2before 1185
Grote Kerk (Breda)BredaNetherlands318.24971547
MartinitorenGroningenNetherlands318.2496.8c. 1550
Great Lavra Bell TowerKyivUkraine31696.51745
Brussels Town HallBrusselsBelgium315961454
Norwich CathedralNorwichUnited Kingdom315961480Building of current spire commenced
Latting ObservatoryNew York CityUnited States315961853Shortened by 75 feet in 1855; destroyed by fire in 1856.
Martinikerk (Doesburg)DoesburgNetherlands308.594c. 1430
Church of St Walburge, PrestonPrestonUnited Kingdom308.5941873
Sint-Jacobus de Meerderekerk (The Hague)The HagueNetherlands308.5941878
St Eusebius' Church, ArnhemArnhemNetherlands305931550
Saint Vincent's ChurchEekloBelgium305931883
Cathedral Church of St. James (Toronto)TorontoCanada30592.91874
Grote or Sint-Jacobskerk (The Hague)The HagueNetherlands303.592.51424
RuwanwelisayaAnuradhapuraSri Lanka30192c. 140 BC
Lakshmi Vilas Palace Vadodara India 300 91.44 1890
Notre-Dame de ParisParisFrance30091.441345Spire destroyed on April 15, 2019 (Notre-Dame fire)
EtemenankiBabylonIraq298.5691c. 601 BCZiggurat dedicated to Marduk. Alleged to have originally been built, to an unknown height, between the 14th and 9th centuries BC, then destroyed in 689 BC by Sennacherib. Rebuilt c. 600 BC by Nebuchadnezzar II. Finally demolished by Alexander the Great in 323 BC.
Belfry of GhentGhentBelgium298.5911380
AbdijtorenMiddelburgNetherlands296.690.41350–1400
Shwemawdaw PagodaBagoMyanmar295+90+1796Was 90 meters tall without counting its hti spire; raised to 114 m (without counting the hti spire height) in 1954.
Coventry CathedralCoventryUnited Kingdom295901500
Dormition CathedralKharkivUkraine29489.51841
St Bavo's CathedralGhentBelgium292891569
Torre del MangiaSienaItaly289881348
St Walburga ChurchOudenaardeBelgium289881627
WesterkerkAmsterdamNetherlands285871631
Belfry of MonsMonsBelgium285871669
The Roman-Catholic Parish ChurchSpišská Nová VesSlovakia285871894
St Medardus ChurchWervikBelgium282861433
Grote of Sint-ClemenskerkSteenwijkNetherlands2828615th century
Rajabai Clock Tower Bombay

(Now Mumbai)

 India 280 85.3 1878
Liaodi PagodaDingzhouChina276841055
Cathedral of Our LadyAarschotBelgium276841337
St Tillo ChurchIzegemBelgium276841868
Brooklyn BridgeNew York CityUnited States276841883
St Willibrordus Church, BerchemAntwerpBelgium276841891
St Martin's ChurchKortrijkBelgium272831466
Belfry of BrugesBrugesBelgium272831487
Sint-Petrus' Stoel van AntiochiëkerkSittardNetherlands27283c. 1505
St Gummarus ChurchLierBelgium272831540
Minarets of Selimiye MosqueEdirneTurkey272831574
Tournai CathedralTournaiBelgium272831700
St. Mary's ChurchGdańskPoland269821502
CunerakerkRhenenNetherlands268.481.81531
HwangryongsaGyeongjuSouth Korea26280643
St. Christopher's Cathedral, RoermondRoermondNetherlands26179.71663
St Salvator's CathedralBrugesBelgium259791350, 1871
Sint-JanskerkMaastrichtNetherlands259791450–1500
Clifton Hill Shot TowerMelbourneAustralia256781882The Clifton Hill Shot Tower held the title of Australia's tallest structure from its construction until 1930. The landmark has been proclaimed as the world's tallest shot tower by Guinness World Records.[2]
Municipal Corporation Building Bombay

(Now Mumbai)

 India 255 77.7 1893
Kutubiyya MosqueMarrakeshMorocco253771195
Parish Church Saints Nicholas and StephenEggenfeldenGermany253771519
Victoria Terminus

(Renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus)

 Bombay

(Now Mumbai)

 India 250 76.2 1888 Data obtained from UNESCO document to ensure authenticity.
Beisi PagodaSuzhouChina249761153
St Nicholas ChurchGhentBelgium249761300–1330Construction completed early in the 14th century, with further extensions during the following centuries to accommodate the growing population.
Clérigos ChurchPortoPortugal24875.61750
Oude Kerk (Delft)DelftNetherlands246751350
AbayagiriyaAnuradhapuraSri Lanka24574.6c. 103 BC
MahachaityaAmaravathiIndia24273c. 300 BC
Taj MahalAgra, Uttar PradeshIndia240731653
Qutb MinarDelhiIndia23872.5c. 1200The tower is the tallest free-standing masonry structure in India, and was the tallest in the world until the completion of the Anaconda Smelter Stack in 1919.
La Danta TempleEl MiradorGuatemala23672300 BC
Minarets of Süleymaniye MosqueIstanbulTurkey236721558
Gonbad-e QabusGonbad-e QabusIran236721006
Canterbury CathedralCanterburyUnited Kingdom23571.61498
Pyramid of the SunTeotihuacanMexico233.671.2100
The Ziggurat of Dur-KurigalzuDur-KurigalzuIraq23070c. 1400 BC
Belfry of TournaiTournaiBelgium230701294
Qianxun PagodaDali CityChina22869.6823–840
Gloucester CathedralGloucesterUnited Kingdom225691089–1499
Bunker Hill MonumentBostonUnited States221671843
General Post Office Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 220+ 67+ 1868
Pagoda of Fogong TempleYing CountyChina22067.31056
Galata TowerIstanbulTurkey21966.91348
Husainabad Clock Tower Lucknow India 219 67 1881
Great Pyramid of CholulaCholulaMexico21766200 BC
Arunachaleswara Temple(Also called Annamalaiyar Temple)TiruvannamalaiIndia217669th century
Brihadiswara TempleThanjavurIndia217661010Tallest structure of India when built
Ely CathedralElyUnited Kingdom217661375
Malbork CastleMalborkPoland2176613th centuryCastle Belfry
Thatbyinnyu TempleBaganMyanmar217661150
Angkor WatAngkorCambodia21365c. 1150
Jagannath Temple Puri India 213 65 1161
Temple of the Two-Headed Serpent (Tikal Pyramid IV)TikalGuatemala21264.6c. 741
Giant Wild Goose PagodaXi'anChina21064704
Minarets of Sultan Ahmed MosqueIstanbulTurkey210641616
Minaret of Jam Shahrak District Afghanistan 203 62 c. 1190 The minaret was built around 1190 entirely of baked bricks and is famous for its intricate brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration
Gol Gumbaz Bijapur

(Now Vijayapura)

 India 203 61.9 1656
Notre-Dame BasilicaMontrealCanada200601843
Liuhe PagodaHangzhouChina19659.891165
Srivilliputhur Andal templeSrivilliputhurIndia1945914th–17th centuryPrecise date not available
Ulagalantha Perumal Temple Tirukoyilur, Tamil Nadu India 194 59 15–17th century
Taroona Shot TowerHobartAustralia192.658.71870The Taroona Shot Tower held the title of Australia's tallest building between 1870 and 1875. It is the tallest cylindrical sandstone tower in the Southern Hemisphere.
Mirisawetiya ViharaAnuradhapuraSri Lanka19258.5c. 161 BC
Ekambareswarar Temple Kanchipuram India 192 58.5 1509–29
Leaning Tower of PisaPisaItaly191.4758.361372
Leh Palace Leh India 190.3 58 c. 1610
Pagoda of Tianning TempleBeijingChina18957.81100–1120
Tikal Pyramid VTikalGuatemala18757c. 700
Hagia Sophia CathedralIstanbulTurkey18456.1537
Charminar Hyderabad India 184 56 1591
Kwidzyn CastleKwidzynPoland183561230Castle Belfry
El TigreEl MiradorGuatemala18355.8100
Mahabodhi Temple Bodh Gaya India 180.4+ 55+ 5th / 6th century Tallest structure of India until 1010 CE
Main Pyramid of CalakmulCalakmulMexico180.455100
Temple of the Jaguar Priest (Tikal Pyramid III)TikalGuatemala180.455c. 810
BrihadiswaraTemple Gangaikonda Cholapuram India 180.4 55 1035
Château de CoucyPicardyFrance18055c. 1220Height of Keep, destroyed in 1917.
Lingaraja Temple Bhubaneshwar India 180 54.9 c. 1090
Varadaraja Perumal Temple Kanchipuram India 180 54.9 13–16th century
Calcutta High Court Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 180 54.9 1872
Five-Story Pagoda of Tō-ji Kyoto Japan 180 54.8 1643 Tallest existing wooden tower in Japan.
Bombay High Court Bombay

(Now Mumbai)

 India 178.5 54.5 1862
Washington MonumentBaltimoreUnited States17854.41829
Buland Darwaza Fatehpur Sikri India 177 54 1575
Basilica and Convent of St. FrancisSaltaArgentina177541877
Saint Paul's Cathedral Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 175 53.3 1847 Its original height was 61m; after damages caused by earthquake, its top was reconstructed to present height, including flagstaff
Madras High Court Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 175 53.3 1892
Saint Andrew's Church Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 174+ 53+ 1818 Height of this church was intended to be more than St John's Church Calcutta, which in turn was 174 ft
St John's Church Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 174 53 1787
Sarangapani Temple Kumbakonam India 173 52.7 13th–17th century
Akbar Tomb

(South Gateway)

 Agra India 172 52.4 1613
Australian Building Melbourne Australia 170.6 53 1890 Demolished in 1980
Meenakshi Amman Temple Madurai India 170+ 52+ 16th century
Cathedral of Bogotá Bogotá Colombia 170 52 1823
Dwarkadhish Temple Dwarka India 170 51.8 16th century
Ananda TempleBaganMyanmar167+51+110551 meters tall without counting its hti spire
Saint Andrew's Church Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 166.6 50.8 1818
Huaca del SolTrujilloPeru16450450
Virupaksha Temple Hampi India 164 50 14th century
Htupayon PagodaSagaingMyanmar161+49+1851/5249 meters tall without counting its hti spire; originally built in 1444–1454; now raised to 61.5 m (since 2016)
Kalyan MinaretBukharaUzbekistan157+481127One of the few monuments that survived Mongol conquest of Central Asia
ColosseumRomeItaly1574880
Ochterlony Monument

(Renamed to Shaheed Minar)

 Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 157 48 1828
San Thome Basilica Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 155 47.2 1896
Temple of the Great Jaguar (Tikal Pyramid I)TikalGuatemala15447740–750
Rajagopalaswamy Temple Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu India 154 47 1532–1575
Humayun Tomb Delhi India 154 47 1572
Asafi Masjid Lucknow India 153 46.6 1784
Laksmi Narasimha Temple Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh India 153 46.6 1803
Church of Saint Augustine Goa India 150.9 46 1602 Only side part of the tower is still standing, most part is in ruined state
Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain India 150 45.7 c. 1740 Height is approximate
Narmadeshwar Mahadeo Manduk Temple Oel, Lakhimpur Kheri India 150 45.7 1870
Templo MayorMexico CityMexicoc. 150c. 451325Destroyed in 1521.
Mausoleum of HalicarnassusBodrumTurkey14845c. 350 BCOne of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Cathedral of CórdobaCórdobaArgentina148451787
Zvartnots CathedralZvartnotsArmenia14845652
Sundaravarada Perumal Temple Uthiramerur, Kanchipuram India 145 44.2 12–16th century
Hassan TowerRabatMorocco144441199
Ranganathaswamy Temple Vellai Gopuram Srirangam India 144 44 12–17th century Tallest part of the temple is Rajagopuram (73m), that started to be built around 1500 and completed in 1987.
Thanumalayan Temple

Also called Sthanumalayan Temple)

 Suchindram, Kanyakumari India 144 44 17th century
Pyramid of the MoonTeotihuacanMexico14143100
Nataraja Temple Gopuram Chidambaram India 140 42.7 16th century
Iswari Minar Swarga Sal

(Also called Isarlat Sargasuli)

 Jaipur India 140 42.7 1749
Dhamek Stupa Sarnath India 139.8 42.6 5th / 6th century
Saint George's Cathedral Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 139 42.4 1815
Temple of the Masks (Tikal Pyramid II)TikalGuatemala13842c. 700
Bahu Begum ka Maqbara Oudh

(Now Ayodhya)

 India 137.8 42 1816
Bibi ka Maqbara Aurangabad

(Now Sambhaji Nagar)

 India 137 41.8 1668
Madras Central Railway Station

(Renamed as MGR Central Railway Station)

 Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 136 41.4 1873
Sankara Narayanaswamy Temple Sankarankovil, Tamil Nadu India 135 41 12th century
Jama Masjid Delhi India 135 41 1656
Prong's Lighthouse Bombay

(Now Mumbai)

 India 135 41 1875
Mahmud Gawan Madrasa Bidar India 131 39.9 1472
El CastilloXunantunichBelize13040600
St. Ignatius ChurchBuenos AiresArgentina130401722
Christ Church Kanpur India 130 39.6 1840
Sun Temple Konark India 128 39 1250 Its original height was 70m, got damaged. Present height is that of surviving structure.
Senate House, Madras University Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 128 39 1879
Ramanathaswamy Temple Rameshwaram India 126 38.4 17th century Temple itself is much older, its tallest part, East Gopuram in its present form is from 17th century
Old Lighthouse Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 125 38.1 1843
Cooch Behar Palace Cooch Behar India 125 38.1 1887
Vijaya Stambha

(Victory Tower)

 Chittorgarh India 122 37.2 1448
Sher Shah Suri Tomb Sasaram India 122 37.2 1545
Dead Letter Office Building Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 120 36.6 1876
Secunderabad Clock Tower Secunderabad India 120 36.6 1897
Qila Mubarak (Fort) Bathinda India 118 36 c. 1200 Fort existed in 100 AD, was probably upgraded in 12th century
Mehrangarh Fort Jodhpur India 118 36 1459
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple Khajuraho India 117 35.7 1030 Includes height for jagati also
Se Cathedral Goa India 115 35 1619
Bir Singh Deo Palace Datia India 115 35 1620
Sidi Bashir Mosque Ahmedabad India 111.5 34 1452
Great Pyramid of La VentaLa VentaMexico11034c. 900 BC
Rochester CastleRochesterUnited Kingdom113341127Height of Keep
Kilmacduagh monasteryCounty GalwayIreland1133410th centuryHeight of Round Tower, Tallest surviving Irish round tower
Victoria Public Hall Madras

(Now Chennai)

 India 111.5 34 1890
Colossus of RhodesRhodesGreece11033.5c. 280 BCOne of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It fell after standing for 56 years and then collapsed in an earthquake.
Church of St Anne Goa India 110 33.5 1695
High TempleLamanaiBelize10833400–100 BC
Red Fort Delhi India 108 33 1648
Kailash Temple Ellora India 107 32.6 756–773 World's largest sculpted monolithic building
Five-Story Pagoda of Horyuji-Temple Ikaruga Japan 107 32.55 670–711 Oldest wooden tower in the world.
Shuja-Ud-Daula Tomb, Gulab Bari Oudh

(Now Ayodhya)

 India 106.6 32.5 1753–1775
Kesariya Stupa Kesariya India 104 32 ~8th / 9th century
Sivasagar Sivadol Sivasagar India 104 32 1734
Ranakpur Jain Temple Ranakpur India 102 31 1439
Dakshineswar Kali Temple Calcutta

(Now Kolkata)

 India 100+ 30+ 1855
Chand Baori

(Stepwell)

 Abhaneri India 100 30 900 The figure is for depth below ground level. From bottom, total height shall include superstructure above ground also
Kakanmath Temple Sihoniya, MP India 100 30 1015–1035
City Palace Udaipur India 100 30 16–17th century
Padmanabhaswamy Temple Thiruvananthapuram India 100 30 1729–1758

See also

References

  1. ↑ McKenzie, Judith (2011). The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt: 300 BC – AD 700. Yale University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0300170948.
  2. ↑ "Tallest shot tower". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2023-06-19.
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