This is a list including all rulers who had carried the title of emperor or who ruled over an empire through history.

Emperors of traditional empires

Asia

Empire Duration Title(s) See
Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC Shahanshah
("King of Kings")
List of Persian monarchs
Mauryan Empire 322 BC–184 BC Chanda-siri
Piadamsana
List of Mauryan emperors
Imperial China 221 BC–1912 Huángdì
("Godly ruler")
List of Chinese emperors
Chola Empire 848–1279 Parakesari List of Tamil monarchs
Khmer Empire 802–1431 Devarāja
("Godly ruler")
Monarchy of Cambodia
Vietnam 544–602
968–1945
Hoàng Đế
("Godly ruler")
List of Vietnamese emperors
Ottoman Empire 1299–1922 Padishah
("Master King")
List of Ottoman emperors
Mongol Empire 1206–1634 Khagan
("Great Khan")
List of Mongol rulers
Mughal Empire 1526–1857 Padishah
("Master King")
List of Mughal emperors
Iranian Empire 1501–1979 Shahanshah
("King of Kings")
List of Persian monarchs
Maratha Empire 1674–1818 Chhatrapati
("Lord of the Umbrella")
List of Maratha rulers
Durrani Empire 1747–1823 Shah List of Afghan monarchs
Sikh Empire 1801-1849 Maharaja
("Great Ruler")
Japan 660-Present Tennō
("Heavenly Sovereign")
List of emperors of Japan
Korean Empire 1897–1910 Hwangje
("Godly Ruler")
List of monarchs of Korea

Europe

Empire Duration Title(s) See
Alexandrian Empire 331 BC–301 BC Basileus Alexander the Great
Roman Empire 27 BC–1453 Augustus
Basileus
List of Roman emperors
Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 Basileus
Empire of Trebizond 1204–1461 Basileus List of Trapezuntine emperors
Empire of Thessalonica 1224–1242 Basileus
Latin Empire 1204–1261 Imperator Latin Emperor
Holy Roman Empire 800–1806 Imperator Holy Roman Emperor
Bulgarian Empire 893–1018
1185–1396
Tsar List of Bulgarian monarchs
Serbian Empire 1346–1371 Tsar List of Serbian monarchs
Spanish colonial empire 1492–1898 Rey List of Spanish monarchs
Russian Tsardom 1547–1721 Tsar List of Russian monarchs
Russian Empire 1721–1917 Imperator
Austrian Empire 1804–1918 Kaiser List of Austrian monarchs
German Empire 1871–1918 Kaiser List of German monarchs
British Raj 1877–1947 King-Emperor Emperor of India
French Empire 1804–1815
1852–1870
Empereur List of French monarchs

Americas

Empire Duration Title See
Aztec Empire 1375–1521 Hueyi Tlatoani
("great ruler")
Inca Empire 1438–1533 Sapa Inca
("only ruler")
Empire of Brazil 1822–1889 Imperador List of Brazilian monarchs

Africa

Empire Duration Title(s) See
Ethiopian Empire 1270–1975 Nəgusä nägäst
("ruler of rulers")
List of Ethiopian emperors

Emperors of short-lived monarchies

Self-proclaimed "emperors"

See also Self-proclaimed monarchy and micronation

Fictional emperors

  • Category: Fictional emperors and empresses
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