The Iron Crown of Lombardy, displayed in the Cathedral of Monza

The kings of the Lombards or reges Langobardorum (singular rex Langobardorum) were the monarchs of the Lombard people from the early 6th century until the Lombardic identity became lost in the 9th and 10th centuries. After 774, they were not Lombards, but Franks. From the 12th century, the votive crown and reliquary known as the Iron Crown (Corona Ferrea) retrospectively became a symbol of their rule, though it was never used by Lombard kings.

The primary sources for the Lombard kings before the Frankish conquest are the anonymous 7th-century Origo Gentis Langobardorum and the 8th-century Historia Langobardorum of Paul the Deacon. The earliest kings (the pre-Lethings) listed in the Origo are almost certainly legendary. They purportedly reigned during the Migration Period. The first ruler attested independently of Lombard tradition is Tato.

Early rulers

Legendary rulers

  • Shava
  • Ybor and Agio, brothers, together with their mother Gambara, who led the emigration from Scandinavia
  • Agilmund, son of Agio
  • Laiamicho (Lamissio)
  • Ortnit

Lething dynasty

The Lethings were an early dynasty from the time of Lethuc. The last ruling descendant of Lethuc was Walthari, whose son was in turn displaced by Audoin of the family of the Gausi.

  • Lethuc (fl. c. 400), ruled for some 40 years.
  • Aldihoc (mid-5th century)
  • Godehoc (480s), led the Lombards into modern-day Austria
  • Claffo (fl. c. 500)
  • Tato (early 6th century, died perhaps 510), his son Ildichus died in exile
  • Wacho (510–539), son of Unichus
  • Walthari (539–546), son of Wacho

Gausian dynasty

Kings in Italy

Gausian dynasty

Unnamed dynasty

Rule of the Dukes (Ten year interregnum)
  • Authari (584–590), son of previous
  • Agilulf (591–c. 616), cousin of previous

Bavarian dynasty

Non-dynastic king

Harodingians

Bavarian dynasty, First Restoration

Beneventan dynasty

Bavarian dynasty, Second Restoration

Non-dynastic kings

Carolingian dynasty

Charlemagne conquered the Lombards in 774 at the invitation of Pope Adrian I.

  • Charlemagne (774–781) in personal union, passed kingship to his third son, Pepin.
  • Pepin (or Pippin) (781–810), king under authority of Charlemagne
  • Bernard (810–818)
  • Lothair I (818–839)
  • Louis II (839–875)

The title rex Langobardorum, synonymous with rex Italiae, lasted well into the High Middle Ages,[1] but subsequent holders are found at King of Italy.

Family tree

Family tree of Lombards Kings

The colors denotes the monarchs from the Houses of:

  - Lething dynasty

  - Gausian dynasty

  - Unnamed dynasty

  - Bavarian dynasty

  - Non-dynastic king

  - Harodingians

  - Beneventan dynasty

  - Carolingian dynasty

- Ruler of the Kingdom of Lombards (Regnum Langobardorum / Regnum totius Italiae)


Lethuc
Aldihoc
Godehoc
Claffo
Tato
died 510		Unichus
Wacho
r. 510-539		Austrigusa
of the Gepids
fl. 531		Audoin
r. 545-565

Cleph
?-572-574		Walthari
539-546		Garibald I
of Bavaria
540-591		Waldrada
of Neustria
531-572		Theudebald of AustrasiaGrasulf I
of Friuli
died 571
Alboin
530-565-572

Authari
540-84-90		Theodelinda
of Bavaria
570-628
Agilulf
555-590-616		Gundoald
Duke of Asti
565-616		Gisulf I
of Friuli
died 590		Tassilo I
of Bavaria
560-610

Rothari
606-636-652		Gundeberga
born 591
Arioald
?-626-636
Adaloald
602-616-
626-628
Aripert I
?-653-661		Romilda
of Friuli
died 611		Gisulf II
of Friuli
died 611		Garibald II
of Bavaria
585-625

Rodoald
637-652-653		Rodelinda
Perctarit
?-661-662-
671-688
Godepert
?-661-662		Theodota(?)
Grimoald
610-662-671		Gella
of Friuli		Theodo V
of Bavaria
625-716

Alahis
r. 689
Cunipert
r. 688-689,
689-700
Raginpert
r. 701
Ansprand
657-712-712
Garibald
r. 671		Gotfrid
of Alemannia
died 709		daughter,
name unknown

Liutpert
r. 700-
701, 702
Aripert II
r. 701-702,
702-712		Pemmo
of Friuli
died 739		Ritpurgasibling,
name unknown
Liutprand
r. 712-744		Odilo
of Bavaria
died 748

Ratchis
r. 744-749
Aistulf
?-749-756
Hildeprand
r. 735-744
Desiderius
?-756-774-786
Hildegarde
of Vinzgouw
754-783
Charles
the Great
748-778-814		Desiderata
fl. 770		Liutperga
fl. 763		Tassilo III
of Bavaria
741-796
kings of
Italy

Notes

  1. ↑ "German Tribes org Lombard Kings". GermanTribes.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-18. Retrieved 2010-07-18.

Sources

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