| Ese | |
|---|---|
| Region | Oro Province, Papua New Guinea |
Native speakers | 10,000 (2000)[1] 4,000 monolinguals (2001)[1] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mcq |
| Glottolog | esee1247 |
Ese, or Managalasi, is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Muaturaina, Chimona, Dea, Akabafa, Nami, Mesari, Averi, Afore, Minjori, Oko, Wakue, Numba, Jimuni, Karira. Perhaps 40% of speakers are monolingual.
It is spoken in the Kawawoki Mission area of Popondetta.[1]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tɕ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | dʑ | |||||
| Fricative | β | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
- Allophones of phonemes /β, tɕ, dʑ, ɾ/ exist as [b, ts, ɖʐ, ɺ].
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a |
- A central vowel sound [ʉ] can be heard as a result of /i/ preceding /u/.
- Allophones of /e, a, o/, exist as [ɛ ə ɔ].
- A semivowel sound [w] occurs when /u/ precedes a stressed vowel.[2]
Further reading
- Parlier, James. 1970. Managalasi sentences. Manuscript. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
- Parlier, Judith and James Parlier. 1981. Managalasi Dictionary. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
References
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