Baden main line

Bruchsal station

The railway on the German side of the Rhine was financed and built by the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway (Großherzogliche Badische Staatsbahn). At the enactment of the Baden law permitting the construction of the Baden main line on 28 March 1838, only the starting point in Mannheim and the end point in Basel had been determined.^[2] The route was determined by the Technischen Baukommission (“Technical Building Commission”), which was formed in 1837. It adopted as its basic aims that the construction cost should be as low as possible as was consistent with good running times and that the line should be built as straight as possible to connect the major cities. It decided that the should be built, if possible, in the Upper Rhine Plain. The first section between Mannheim and Heidelberg was opened in 1840 and the line was completed in several section to Basel until 1855. The first route designs provided for a route from Heidelberg via Schwetzingen to Karlsruhe. After the then third largest city in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Bruchsal learned of these plans, the Baden Parliament sat to consider a connection via Bruchsal and Durlach.^[3] On 2 January 1846, two trains ran into each other in St. Ilgen, a village near Leimen. One person died and 16 others were injured.^[4] This was one of the first fatalities in a rail accident in Germany.

The line was originally built to 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Irish gauge, but since the surrounding countries built their railways to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge, the line was converted to standard gauge between 1854 and 1855.

Since Schwetzingen and Hockenheim were not on the line through Heidelberg, another line was opened in 1870 on the Mannheim–Schwetzingen–Graben–Eggenstein–Karlsruhe route. A shorter and more direct line from Graben to Karlsruhe via Blankenloch was added in 1895 as a strategic railway. This converted the Karlsruhe–Eggenstein–Graben section of the old line into a branch line, now known as the Hardt Railway and partly incorporated into the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.

Developments in the 20th century

Bad Schönborn-Kronau station

In the northern section between Mannheim and Karlsruhe there are two different lines, the Mannheim–Graben-Neudorf–Karlsruhe line (the Baden Mainline as such) as well as the Mannheim–Heidelberg–Bruchsal–Durlach–Karlsruhe line (the Baden-Kurpfalz Railway). Particularly after World War I it became a major line for international traffic. Beginning in the 1950s,the Rhine Valley line was progressively electrified, with the line fully electrified by the middle of 1958.

In the late 1960s, a fundamental renewal of signaling installations began on the 120 km-long section between Offenburg and Basel. The line, which was previously equipped with mechanical interlockings—with the exception of Freiburg Hauptbahnhof—was converted to control by relay interlockings. By the late 1960s the line was already being used by well over 100 trains per day in each direction.^[5]

With the commissioning of the first section of the Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway between Mannheim and Graben-Neudorf, the Rhine Valley Railway was relieved, making an integrated regular interval service possible.^[6] The signal boxes in Achern and Freiburg were built as electronic interlockings. The signal boxes at Leutersberg, Bad Krozingen, Heitersheim and Müllheim (Baden) have been modified under CIR ELKE and equipped with LZB.

The current Baden-Baden station was originally called Oos, between 1906 and the closure of the old Baden-Baden town station in 1977 it was called Baden-Oos and then it received its current name.

Developments in the 21st century

As part of the construction of the Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway, it was planned in 1990 to upgrade the railway between Karlsruhe and Offenburg for continuous operations at 160 km/h.^[7] Under a German-Swiss convention, the entire line was supposed to be converted to at least four lines by 2008, so that it could serve as the main northern approach route to the new Gotthard Base Tunnel line to Italy. As a result, Deutsche Bahn is building a high-speed line from Karlsruhe to Basel, including new and upgraded sections.

Between Karlsruhe and Rastatt two lines run relatively near each other, effectively providing four tracks. The double-track section between Rastatt station and Rastatt-Niederbühl is to be increased to four lines with the construction of the Rastatt Tunnel. Between Rastatt-Niederbühl and Offenburg, two new high-speed tracks have been completed next to the old double-track line. A new section of line from Schliengen to Haltingen between Freiburg and Basel, including the 9,385-metre-long (30,791 ft) Katzenberg Tunnel, was opened on 9 December 2012 to avoid a narrow, winding section between the Rhine and the Isteiner Klotz hills.^[8] The remaining sections between Offenburg, Freiburg and the Katzenberg Tunnel are still being planned.

Long-distance services

The Rhine valley Railway is traversed by several Intercity-Express and Intercity services.

Regional services

The Rhine valley Railway is used by two Interregio-Express services and a variety of Regional-Express, Regionalbahn, S-Bahn and Stadtbahn services.

In November 2015, the operation of a group of services called Netz 4 Rheintal, was tendered as three lots. The transport contracts for regional services on the line would cover a total of approximately 4.7 million kilometres per year and run from December 2019 to December 2032.^[13] The investment of €250 million has been earmarked for its new rolling stock, which must be suitable for the Katzenberg Tunnel.^[14]

In December 2015, the operational concept of a regional transport timetable between Offenburg and Basel was presented. It provided an hourly service over the whole route with stops at all stations as a backbone. In addition, two Regional-Express services would run every two hours: a faster regional train would run every two hours between Offenburg and Basel in less than 90 minutes, with stops in Offenburg, Lahr, Hebolzheim, Kenzingen, Riegel-Malterdingen, Emmendingen, Denzingen, Freiburg Hauptbahnhof, Bad Krozingen, Heitersheim, Müllheim, Weil am Rhein and Basel SBB. A slower RE would stop in addition at Orschweier, Ringheim, Schallstadt, Bad Bellingen, Efringen-Kirchen and Haltingen. For many stations, the number of train stopping would significantly increase.^[14]

The tendering of the Freiburger Y network (Netz 9b) is also provided.^[14]

The target concept for rail services in 2025 of the state of Baden-Württemberg, which provides—three trains each hour and in each direction between Offenburg and Freiburg and four between Riegel-Malterdingen and Freiburg—cannot be implemented because of the congestion of the line. The infrastructure needed for this is expected to be opened in 2031.^[15]

Southbound steam train parallel to the River Leimbach, with Tonwaren Industrie Wiesloch siding at the north end of Wiesloch-Walldorf station, c.1925. The area would later contain the Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum and Leimbach Park.

Footnotes

Sources

• Röth, Helmut (2006). Auf Schienen zwischen Odenwald und Pfalz. Fotografien 1955-1976 [By rail between the Odenwald and Palatine. Photography 1955–1976] (in German). Ludwigshafen am Rhein: Verlag Pro Message. p. 168. ISBN 3-934845-18-5.
• Greder, Werner (1983). Bruchsal und die Eisenbahn. Entstehung der Eisenbahnen in und um Bruchsal in den Jahren 1843–1914 (in German). Bruchsal.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Publication no. 2 of the city of Bruchsal Historical Commission).
• Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland [German railway atlas]. Schweers + Wall. 2017. ISBN 978-3-89494-146-8.