Mary, Countess of Westmorland

Mary Fane, Countess of Westmorland (née Mildmay; c. 1582 – 9 April 1640) continued her mother Grace Mildmay's interest in physic and was a significant author of spiritual guidance and writer of letters.

Family background

Marble overmantle in the gallery at Apethorpe

Mary was the daughter and eventual sole heiress of Sir Anthony Mildmay (d. 1617), of Apethorpe Palace, Northamptonshire, and Grace Sherington (1552–1620), who was daughter and co-heir of Sir Henry Sherington (alias Sharington) (c. 1518-1581) of Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire. Mary built an imposing monument to her parents at Apethorpe Church in 1621, the sculpture attributed to Maximilian Colt.[1]

On 15 February 1598/99, Mary married Francis Fane, and he became the Earl of Westmorland. They lived at Apethorpe and in London, at the Old Savoy.[2]

Writing and Letters

Mary Mildmay Fane collated and transcribed her mother's medical works,[3] a bequest of over 2,000 sheets of paper.[4] Grace had dedicated her volume of 'Spiritual Meditations' to Mary, writing of scripture as a gift to "Mary, the Lady Fane, wife of the Honourable Knight, Sir Francis Fane". Mary later passed this blessing to her newly married daughter Grace, Countess of Home, in a letter of January 1627.[5]

Mary wrote a 'Book of Advices to the Children' for her sons Francis and Mildmay.[6] She also wrote letters of advice to Francis.[7] Other surviving letters include a group of business letters sent to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, six letters to her daughter Grace Fane, Countess of Home, concerning her health and hopes of pregnancy, and a number of letters of petition to Viscount Dorchester and others.[8]

Detail of a letter from the Countess of Westmorland to her daughter Grace, Countess of Home, with cipher code

After her daughter, Grace, Countess of Home died in 1633, as her executrix, the Countess of Westmorland disputed her property with the Mary, the dowager Countess of Home. She obtained the favour of Charles I, who wrote to the Court of Session in Edinburgh on her behalf on 5 May 1634.[9] On December 1635 she wrote to Secretary Windebank thanking him for royal letters sent in her favour and asking him to prevent the king taking the side of her adversary, the Countess of Home, who was then in London. Westmorland explained that Home had the advantage of continual residence and acquaintance in Edinburgh. She asked him to keep her business secret.[10]

On 6 May 1639 Mary wrote a letter to Secretary Windebank advising against sending an army to Scotland in the first Bishop's War.[11] The letter has sometimes been attributed to her daughter-in-law, Mary Vere.[12] A later reader endorsed it as, "A very sencible and Prophetick letter". She wrote that the Scots were better prepared and better suited for war;

"The Scots have many spies which flock about the King; and they cannot but know how the state of this kingdom stands, and be encouraged, knowing how uncertainly a war will be maintained, which is to be maintained out of prerogative, imposition, and voluntary contributions. They know our divisions, and the state of their own combination; and that they have a party amongst us, and that we have none amongst them, and they are a people that can live of nothing, and we, that can want nothing without discontentment and mutiny, and our men and horses so unused to war, that if his majesty attempt any thing before they be better exercised, the dishonour is likely to be increased ...
They say the women in Scotland are the chief stirrers of this war. I think it not so shameful for women of England to wish well to the peace of these nations, whether it be by word or writing; yet I pray you, when you read this letter, to burn it, that it might not rise up in any body's judgement but yours, against me, to tax my zeal with ignorance, who would willingly sacrifice my own life to the quenching of this fire "[13]

Writing to her daughter Rachel Fane on 9 January 1640, Mary, now dowager countess, called herself an old hen, her daughter Katherine a chick, and praised Mary Vere; "the olde hen left at home, with her best chick, my daughter of Westmorland hath proved a good Christmas woman & has made on, & allowed of much mirth".[14]

Mary died at Stevenage on 9 April 1640 and was buried at Apethorpe.[15]

Family and Children

Mary and Francis had seven sons and six daughters:[16]

Sons

Daughters

References

  1. ↑ Linda Pollock, With Faith and Physic: The Life a Tudor Gentlewoman, Lady Grace Mildmay (London, 1993), p. 21.
  2. ↑ Linda Pollock, With Faith and Physic (London, 1993), p. 16.
  3. ↑ Linda Pollock, With Faith and Physic (London, 1993), pp. 98, 110.
  4. ↑ Kate Chedgzoy, 'Did Children Have a Renaissance?', Early Modern Women, vol. 8 (Fall 2013), p. 267.
  5. ↑ Linda Pollock, With Faith and Physic, (London, 1993), pp. 11-2, 15-8, 70: NRAS 217, 5:304 (Moray Papers), "[G]od blesses you both with the dew of heaven & the fattnes of the earth, this was your good grandmothers prayer upon me & mine, which bequeathe she had out of Jacobs will".
  6. ↑ Femke Molekamp, Women and the Bible in Early Modern England (Oxford, 2013), pp. 94-98.
  7. ↑ Susan E. Hrach, "Maternal Admonition as Devotional Practice: Letters of Mary Fane, Countess of Westmorland", ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles Notes and Reviews, 24 (2011), pp. 63-74.
  8. ↑ Notes & Queries 4th S II (11 July 1868), pp. 25-8: Calendar State Papers Domestic: Charles I: NRAS 217 (Moray Papers).
  9. ↑ Earl of Stirling's Register of Royal Letters Relative to the Affairs of Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1885), p. 737.
  10. ↑ Calendar State Papers Domestic, Charles I: 1635, vol. 8, p. 610: TNA SP14/305 f.210.
  11. ↑ Conrad Russell, Fall of the British Monarchies, 1537-1642, (Oxford, 1991), 81.
  12. ↑ Jacqueline Eales, 'Anne and Thomas Fairfax, and the Vere connection' in Andrew Hopper & Philip Major, England's Fortress: New Perspectives on Thomas, 3rd Lord Fairfax, (Farnham, 2014), 161 (attributes the letter to Mary Vere).
  13. ↑ Philip Yorke, Miscellaneous State papers from 1501 to 1726, (London, 1778), pp. 128-130: W. Douglas Hamilton, Calendar State Papers Domestic, Charles I, 1639 (London, 1873), pp. 123-4: Gerald W. Morton in Helen Ostovich, Elizabeth Sauer, Melissa Smith, Reading Early Modern Women: An Anthology of Texts in Manuscript and Print (Routledge, 2004), pp. 191-4: TNA SP16/420 f202: Spelling modernised here.
  14. ↑ Marion O'Connor, 'Rachel Fane's May Masque at Apethorpe, 1627', English Literary Renaissance, vol. 36, No. 1 (Winter 2006), pp. 90-113, 97-8.
  15. ↑ Herald's funeral certificates The National Archives TNA SP16/360/10.
  16. ↑ Collins, Arthur; Brydges, Egerton (1812). Collins's Peerage of England; Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical. Vol. 3. London: F. C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and son. pp. 294, 295.
  17. ↑ Brayley, Edward Wedlake (1844). The History of Surrey. Vol. 3, Part 1. R.B. Ede. p. 34.
  18. ↑ "Charles I - volume 450: April 1-19, 1640 | British History Online".
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