View along the Forsby-Köping limestone cableway, Sweden
Etching of the world's first cable car, created by Adam Wybe in Gdańsk (etching by Willem Hondius)
Material ropeway in Nußloch, Germany

A material ropeway, ropeway conveyor (or aerial tramway in the US)[1]: 659  is a subtype of gondola lift, from which containers for goods rather than passenger cars are suspended.

Description

Material ropeways are typically found around large mining concerns, and can be of considerable length. The COMILOG Cableway, which ran from Moanda in Gabon to Mbinda in the Republic of the Congo, was over 75 km (47 mi) in length. The Kristineberg-Boliden ropeway in Sweden had a length of 96 km (60 mi).

Conveyors can be powered by a wide variety of forms of energy, such as electricity, engines, or gravity (particularly in mountainous mining concerns, or where running water is available).[2] Gravity-driven conveyors may qualify as zip-lines, as no electricity is used to operate them, instead relying on the weight of carts going down providing propulsion for empty carts going up.

Double-rope (bi-cable) ropeways, have a stationary carrying rope and a separate hauling rope that controls their movement. Single-rope (mono-cable) ropeways use one carrying-hauling rope.[3][4]

History

The first recorded mechanical ropeway was by Croatian Fausto Veranzio who designed a bicable passenger ropeway in 1616. The world's first cable car on multiple supports was built by Adam Wybe in Gdańsk, Poland in 1644. It was powered by horses and used to move soil over the river to build defences.[5]

In Eritrea, the Italians built the Asmara-Massawa Cableway in 1936, which was 75 km (47 mi) long. The Manizales - Mariquita Cableway (1922) in Colombia was 73 km (45 mi) long.

Amongst the first material ropeways in India was the Amarkantak Ropeway[6] in Chaktipani, Korba, Chhattisgarh, which was 16.8 km (10.4 mi) long with capacity of 150 TPH constructed by Damodar Ropeways & Infra Ltd. (DRIL) (formerly known as (Damodar Enterprises Ltd. (DEL). It was made for Bharat Aluminium Company (Balco) in collaboration with Nikex, Hungary.

In the United Kingdom, aerial ropeways used for conveying mining goods and materials were historically common; however, just one remains in existence and operation, in Claughton, Lancashire, constructed in 1924 and used for quarrying shale to make bricks. It is scheduled to be demolished in 2036, once the last of the shale has been quarried.[7][8]

List

Closed ropeways

Ropeway line / Company System Type Support type Length Fall/Rise City/State Country In operation Notes
American Agricultural Chemical CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodSearsport, Maine USA
Maine Insane HospitalTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood1,050 feet150 feetAugusta, Maine USA 1899 -
Plymouth Cordage CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeSteel1,150 feetPlymouth, Massachusetts USA
Farnam-Chesire Lime CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodChesire, Massachusetts USA
Cayuga Lake Cement CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope2,340 feetIthaca, New York USA 1901 -
Magnetic Iron Ore CompanyTrenton-Bleichert290 feet25 riseBenson Mines, New York USA
Solvay Process CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood16,500 feet239 feetSyracuse, New York USA
Warner's Portland Cement CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,056 feet48 feetSyracuse, New York USA
Catskill Cement CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope4,170 feetSmith's Landing, New York USA
Witherbees, Sherman & CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope3,668 feet406 feetPort Henry, New York USA
United States Military AcademyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeIron1,640 feetWest Point, New York USA 1901 -
Edgewater Lime WorksTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope360 feet20 feetEdgewater, New Jersey USA 1901 -
Vermont Marble CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,600 feetProctor, Vermont USA 1894 -
New England Talc CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood2,400 feetStockbridge, Vermont USA
Pottsville Iron and Steel CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,100 feet70 feetPottsville, Pennsylvania USA
Cambria Steel CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeSteel3,260 feetJohnstown, Pennsylvania USA
Curwensville Fire Brick CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope2,337 feetBolivar, Pennsylvania USA 1903 -
Philadelphia & Reading Coal and Iron CompanyTrenton-BleichertSingle cable reversibleWest Shenandoah Colliery, Pennsylvania USA
Keystone Plaster CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,500 feetChester, Pennsylvania USA
Keystone Plaster CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,400 feet200 feetEast Brady, Pennsylvania USA
St. Bernard Coal CompanyTrenton-BleichertSingle cable reversibleWood600 feetEarlington, Kentucky USA
East Shore Terminal CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood700 feetlevelCharleston, South Carolina USA
East Shore Terminal CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood650 feetlevelCharleston, South Carolina USA
Pulaski Iron CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope960 feet494 feetBuchanan, Virginia USA
Royal Coal and Coke CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope2,800 feet820 feetPrince, West Virginia USA
Bagdad Chase Gold Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodAtlanta, Idaho USA 1903 - 1931
Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentrating CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope9,000 feet713 feetWardner, Idaho USA 1891 -
Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentrating CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,200 feet370 feetWardner, Idaho USA
Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope320 feetlevelMinneapolis, Minnesota USA
St. Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodKoehler, New Mexico USA
United States Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodBingham, Utah USA
Highland Boy Gold Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood12,700 feetBingham, Utah USA
Highland Boy Gold Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope20,975 feetBingham Canyon, Utah USA 1910 -
Utah Consolidated Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodBingham Canyon, Utah USA
Yampa Smelting CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodBingham, Utah USA
Vallejo Tunnel and Mine CompanyHallidieSingle-ropeWood2,400 feet600 feetLittle Cottonwood, Utah USA 1872 - 1874
North American Copper CompanyLeschenDouble-ropeWood16 milesGrand Encampment, Wyoming USA 1904 -
Nevada Gypsum CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodMound House, Nevada USA
Gold Prince Mine TramwayTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWoodAnimas Forks, Colorado USA 1906 -
Compromise Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope3,200 feet920 feetAspen, Colorado USA
Aspen Public Tramway CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood9,850 feet2,409 feetAspen, Colorado USA 1890 - 1893
Carbon Coal and Coke CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeSteelTrinidad, Colorado USA
Old Hundred Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood1,850 feet1,050 feetHowardsville, Colorado USA
Victor Fuel CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,850 feet57 feetHastings, Colorado USA
St. Bernard Coal CompanyTrenton-BleichertSingle cable reversible2,370 feetDenver, Colorado USA
Old Hundred Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood760 feet515 feetHowardsville, Colorado USA
Old Hundred Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood1,610 feetHowardsville, Colorado USA
Silver Age Mining and Milling CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope6,240 feet989 feetIdaho Springs, Colorado USA
Sunnyside Extension MineHusonSingle-rope2,279 feetSilverton, Colorado USA 1891 -
Ross Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble cable reversibleWood1,400 feet524 feetSilverton, Colorado USA
Iowa Gold Mining and Milling CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble cable reversibleWood8,625 feetSilverton, Colorado USA
Shendandoah-Dives Mining CompanyDouble-ropeWood10,000 feetSilverton, Colorado USA 1929 - 1960
Pay Rock MineHusonSingle-ropeWoodSilver Plume, Colorado USA
Smuggler Union MineTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope3,150 feetCreede, Colorado USA
Bachelor Commodore Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope3,310 feetCreede, Colorado USA
Bachelor Commodore Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertSingle cable reversibleWood850 feet400 feetCreede, Colorado USA
Smuggler Union MineTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope400 feetTelluride, Colorado USA
San Juan Mining CompanyLeschen and SonsDouble-ropeWoodTelluride, Colorado USA
Colorado Fuel & Iron CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope2,370 feetDenver, Colorado USA
Keane Wonder MineDouble-ropeWoodDeath Valley, California USA
Four Metals Mining CompanyMontgomeryDouble-ropeWood5,5 milesKeeler, California USA 1909 - 1914
Inyo Cerro Gordo Mining and Power CompanyLeschenDouble-ropeWood5,6 milesKeeler, California USA 1914 - 1959
Morning Star Mine TramDouble-ropeWoodKeeler, California USA
Mountain Ledge Gold Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope5,800 feet1,600 feetSierra City, California USA
Saline Valley Salt CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood13,5 miles3,000 feetSwansea, California USA 1913 - 1936
Eureka Slate CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope13,300 feetSlatington, California USA
United Concentration CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope6,600 feet1,820 feetMonte Cristo, Washington USA
Oregon Gold Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope5,000 feet2,000 feetCornucopia, Oregon USA
Old Dominion Copper CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,250 feetGlobe, Arizona USA 1892 -
Keeler, Holcombe & CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope7,500 feet1,850 feetKelly Switch, New Mexico USA
Consolidated Kansas City Smelting and Refining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope2,500 feetEl Paso, Texas USA
Bi-Metallic Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope9,750 feet1,225 feetGranite, Montana USA
Granite Mountain Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope8,750 feet1,207 feetGranite, Montana USA
Chilkoot Trail tramwaysTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood8,250 feet/7 miles1,070 feetChillkoot Pass, Alaska USA 1898 -
Nowell Gold Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope11,600 feet2,297 feetJuneau, Alaska USA
Mond Nickel CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope11,400 feetVictoria Mines, Ontario Canada
Laurentide Pulp CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,500 feet15 feetMontreal Canada
Compania Metalurgica de TorreonTrenton-BleichertSingle cable reversibleWood1,453 feet730 feetCoahuila, Mexico Mexico
La Gran Fundicion National MexicanaTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeWood8,650 feetSanta Catarina, Mexico Mexico
San Toy Mining CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeSteelChihuahua Mexico
Thomas & SpillaneTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope825 feet425 feetSan Luis Potosí Mexico
Cia. Manufacturera de Ladrillos AreniscosTrenton-BleichertDouble-rope1,950 feetCoah Mexico
Trinidad Asphalt CompanyTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeIron5,100 feet80 feetLa Brea, Trinidad Trinidad
Compagnie HeitienneTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeIron12 milesPort de Paix, Haiti Haiti
Vivero Iron Ore Company- Mina de la SilvarosaTrenton-BleichertDouble-ropeIron625 feetVivero, Spain Spain 1899 -
British Australian Oil CompanyBleichertDouble-ropeSteel3.5 miles500 feetMurrurundi, New South Wales, Australia 1911-1915Carried oil shale[9]
Hoskins Iron & SteelSingle-ropeSteel0.75 milesCadia, New South Wales Australia 1918-1928Carried iron ore[10][11]
Kandos Cement CompanyNo.1Single-ropeSteel3 milesKandos, New South Wales Australia 1915-Carried limestone[12]
No.2Single-ropeSteel3.25 milesKandos, New South Wales Australia 1920-[12]
No.3Double-ropeSteelKandos, New South Wales Australia 1989-2011[12]
Warragamba Dam(Construction phase)Single-ropeSteel22 kmNear Penrith to Warragamba Dam construction site, New South Wales Australia c.1952-c.1960Carried gravel and sand[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ernst, Richard (1989). Wörterbuch der Industriellen Technik [Dictionary of Industrial Technology] (in German) (fifth ed.). Wiesbaden: Oscar Brandstetter. ISBN 3-87097-145-2.
  2. ↑ Decker, Kris De (26 January 2011). "Aerial ropeways: automatic cargo transport for a bargain". lowtechmagazine.com. Low Tech Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  3. ↑ "Types of ropeway - LEITNER". www.leitner.com. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
  4. ↑ "Ropeways - Double and Mono-Cable Systems".
  5. ↑ Masłowski, Aleksander. "Adam Wijbe (1584?-1653)". rzygacz.webd.pl (in Polish). Akademia Rzygaczy. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
  6. ↑ "Tracing the course of infra technology Indian ropeways have been using since the 1970s". The Financial Express. 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2021-06-15.
  7. ↑ Scott, Tom (12 July 2021). "The UK's last aerial ropeway uses no power, moves 300 tonnes a day, and will be gone by 2036". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
  8. ↑ "Claughton Aerial Ropeway". nationaltransporttrust.org.uk. National Transport Trust. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  9. ↑ "Shale Works at Murrurundi". Muswellbrook Chronicle. 1911-09-30. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
  10. ↑ "CADIA: THE LAND OF PROMISE". Leader (Orange, NSW : 1899 - 1945). 1918-11-29. p. 7. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  11. ↑ "CADIA". Bathurst Times. 1918-09-27. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  12. 1 2 3 Kandos History (2019-05-23). "Beneath a Moving Ropeway at Kandos". Kandos History. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  13. ↑ "1951-1952". www.waternsw.com.au. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
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