Matrona may refer to:

Religion

• Matryona Nikonova, known as Matrona of Moscow, a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church
• Matrona of Barcelona, a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, born in Thessaloniki and venerated in Barcelona
• Matrona of Chios, also known as Chiopolitissa, a 15th-century saint of the Orthodox Church, born in the island of Chios, Greece
• Dea Matrona, a singular form of Matronae or Matrones, mother goddesses attested in the Roman era among Celtic and Germanic regions; see Matres and Matrones
• St. Matrona of Perge, A fifth century saint of the Byzantine Church, born in the city of Perge Pamphylia (Asia Minor)

Other

• Matrona, Latin name of the river Marne, France
• Matrona (damselfly), a genus of damselflies in the family Calopterygidae
• Matrona, a story arc of the Philippine comic strip series Pugad Baboy