Memphis rap, also known as Memphis hip hop, or Memphis horrorcore,[2] is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in Memphis, Tennessee in the mid-late 1980s.

Memphis Rap

It has been characterized as being low budget, using repetitive vocal hooks and a "distorted",[3] lo-fi soundscape[2] that utilizes the Roland TR-808 drum machine[4] and minimal synth melodies.[5] The genre commonly features double time flows with triplet flows,[3] and routinely uses samples ranging from soul and funk to horror film scores and classical music, as well as hooks from songs by related rappers in the same genre, although DIY production without sampling is common as well.[6] Because of the lack of resources, bedroom studios were often pushed to the extreme. Usually, the lyrics are quite dark and depict graphic subject matter.[3] And similar to New York, their samples are known to be raw and pitched with some scratching in the background.[7] DJ Spanish Fly had introduced the synthetic drum-kit sound with the TR-808, splitting the Memphis scene in two between those who preferred the live versus the digital sound. Alongside a strong drum beat were, "cowbell, syncopated rhythms, powerful sub-bass, and sharp digital snares", these elements becoming the hallmarks of the Memphis rap sound. Looping is also a signature with no steadfast rule, although looping is used over chopped edits.[3]

Memphis artists released recordings on independent labels. The dominance of New York and Los Angeles's hip hop scenes forced southern artists to form an underground style and sound to compete with the other regions. Artists used a grassroots approach through word-of-mouth in the club scene and mixtapes to promote their music.[8]

Artists

DJ Spanish Fly is commonly cited as one of the pioneers of the genre,[9] being the bridge between 1980s electro-funk and the heavier gangster rap of the following decade.[3]

Other early artists and groups associated with Memphis rap include T-Rock, C-Rock, Gangsta Pat, La Chat, Skimask Troopaz, Gimisum Family, Project Pat, Tommy Wright III, Princess Loko, Baby OG, II Tone, DJ Squeeky, DJ Zirk, DJ Sound, Blackout, Playa Fly, Gangsta Boo, Al Kapone, Mental Ward Click, MC Mack, Lil Noid,[10] 8Ball & MJG and Three 6 Mafia, with the latter two achieving relative commercial success.[11][12][13] Three 6 Mafia's Mystic Stylez and other releases by members of the group such as Come with Me 2 Hell by DJ Paul and Lord Infamous[14] and Lil Noid's Paranoid Funk[10] were particularly influential in the genre's development.

Influence and modern sound

Despite largely staying underground, it has attained a cult following on the internet from MP3 blogs, influencing rappers such as Lil Ugly Mane, Freddie Dredd, Denzel Curry, and SpaceGhostPurrp, and has seen a large boom in popularity though other artists including the Suicideboys and other artists under the G59 record label. It has also brought in the rise of crunk, trap music, and phonk.[2][15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ ""Memphis rap in the 90's"" (PDF).
  2. 1 2 3 Meara, Paul (February 7, 2014). "Come Back To Hell: The Resurgence of Memphis Horrorcore". HipHopDX. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Underground & Infamous: Early Memphis Hip-Hop". October 24, 2019.
  4. ↑ Setaro, Shawn (March 14, 2016). "Are the Sounds of Regional Hip-Hop Going Extinct?". New York Observer. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  5. ↑ Chan, Nin (October 12, 2004). "Eightball & MJG :: Memphis Underworld". RapReviews.com. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  6. ↑ Nosnitsky, Andrew (September 19, 2012). "Revival Tactics". Pitchfork. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  7. ↑ ""Memphis rap in the 90's"" (PDF).
  8. ↑ Dempsey, Brian. "Memphis Hip Hop". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  9. ↑ Hebblethwaite, Phil (January 25, 2011). "808 State Of Mind: Proto-Crunk Originator DJ Spanish Fly". The Quietus. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  10. 1 2 Reid, Mark (May 22, 2015). "Lil NoiD's uncooked, influential Memphis rap cassette Paranoid Funk to receive vinyl reissue". Tiny Mix Tapes. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  11. ↑ Baker, Soren (August 30, 2008). "East Coast? West Coast? No, Try the Mississippi". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  12. ↑ Grem, Darren E. "The South Got Something to Say": Atlanta's Dirty South and the Southernization of Hip-Hop America." Southern Cultures 12.4 (2006): 55-73. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. Sep 14, 2011.
  13. ↑ Westhoff, Ben. "Finger-Lickin' Rap." Utne Reader 166 (2011): 80-83. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. September 14, 2011
  14. ↑ Ivey, Justin (May 23, 2015). "Three 6 Mafia's 'Mystic Stylez' Is Still a Southern Hip-Hop Essential 20 Years Later". Complex. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  15. ↑ Haynes, Gavin (January 27, 2017). "What the phonk? The genre that's gripping Generation Z". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
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