Merești
Homoródalmás
Commune
Location in Harghita County
Location in Harghita County
Merești is located in Romania
Merești
Merești
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 46°14′N 25°27′E / 46.233°N 25.450°E / 46.233; 25.450
CountryRomania
CountyHarghita
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2024) László Tikosi[1] (UDMR)
Area
112.25 km2 (43.34 sq mi)
Elevation
557 m (1,827 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-01)[2]
1,243
 • Density11/km2 (29/sq mi)
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Postal code
537195
Area code+40 266
Vehicle reg.HR
Websitehomorodalmas.ro

Merești (Hungarian: Homoródalmás or colloquially Almás, Hungarian pronunciation:[ˈhomoroːdɒlmaːʃ], meaning "Place of Apples on the Homorod") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. It is composed of a single village, Merești. Its elevation is 557 m (1,827 ft).[3]

History

The village is likely to have been formed from 7 small settlements in the 13th century: Varjas, Kakód, Benesfalva, Almás, Bencőfalva, Cikefalva, Tankófalva.[3] It was first recorded in 1333 when a sacerdos de Almas was mentioned. In 1808, its name appears as Almás, in Romanian Poiana Marului. Before World War I, its Romanian name was also Homorod-Almaşş.[4] In 1762, the villagers refused to perform military service, therefore, as a retaliation a company of the Atlhan cavalry regiment was stationed and housed in the village. In the 19th century, the village became a famous center of manufacturing of painted furniture. The village was part of the Székely Land region of the historical Transylvania province. It belonged to Udvarhelyszék district until the administrative reform of Transylvania in 1876, when it fell within the Udvarhely County in the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, the village became part of Romania and fell within Odorhei County during the interwar period. In 1940, the second Vienna Award granted the Northern Transylvania to Hungary and the villages were held by Hungary until 1944. After Soviet occupation, the Romanian administration returned and the commune became officially part of Romania in 1947. Between 1952 and 1960, the commune fell within the Magyar Autonomous Region, between 1960 and 1968 the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region. In 1968, the province was abolished, and since then, the commune has been part of Harghita County.

Demographics

At the 2011 census, the commune had a population of 1,339; out of them, 97% were Hungarian, 0.4% were Roma and 0.4% were Romanian.[5] 98% had Hungarian as first language, and 0.4% Romanian.[6] 72% of the commune population are Unitarian, 16% are Roman Catholic and 2% are Reformed.[7]

The Vargyas Gorge

East of the village is located the picturesque Vargyas Gorge which is perhaps the village's most important touristic asset. In the gorge a number of caves are located. A 1500 m long cave was named after the geographer of the Székely Land Balázs Orbán. The cave was inhabited by man even in prehistoric times, later, in the Middle Ages villagers used it as a fortified refuge. The micro-region’s most important natural area, the Gorge is a wonder of karst topography. At more than 900 hectares, the gorge is dominated by 200 metre white limestone cliffs which, beyond their beauty, are an increasingly popular climbing area. Beneath the cliffs lies a 7.5 kilometer cave system, home to 17 species of bats, and a haven for cave explorers.[8]

Landmarks

  • East of the Vargyas Gorge, on the Kőmező (’Stonefield’) ruins of a Romanesque chapel can be seen which had perished probably during the Mongol invasion in 1241-1242. Balázs Orbán thought it might be the former church of Varjas village
  • The Unitarian church was built between 1786 and 1793 in late Baroque style, the Roman Catholic church built in 1892.
  • West of the village on the Várhegy (Castle hill) traces of a rampart made of earth can be found

Notable people

As 'Almas' on Josephinische Landaufnahme, 1769-1773

Natives of the village were:

  • Gergely Almási (1654–1724) Unitarian ecclesiastical writer
  • Gyula Szabó (1930–2004), novelist
  • Emília Péterffy (1915–2000) teacher, writer, author of Hungarian schoolbooks

Twinnings

References

  1. ↑ "Results of the 2020 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  2. ↑ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  3. 1 2 "Magyar Katolikus Lexikon (Hungarian Catholic Lexicon)". Budapest. 1933. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  4. ↑ János András Vistai. "Tekintő – Erdélyi Helynévkönyv". p. 17. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)Transylvanian Toponym Book Archived 2016-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ Tab8. Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune, 2011 census results, Institutul Național de Statistică, accessed 20 February 2020.
  6. ↑ Tab10. Populaţia stabilă după limba maternă – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune, 2011 census results, Institutul Național de Statistică, accessed 20 February 2020.
  7. ↑ Tab13. Populaţia stabilă după religie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune, 2011 census results, Institutul Național de Statistică, accessed 20 February 2020.
  8. ↑ Vargyas Gorge & Almas Community Project – Romania Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
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