A map of Tokyo MEA in 2015.
A map showing Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, and Nagoya MEAs in 2015.

Urban Employment Area (都市雇用圏, Toshi Koyō-ken) is a definition of metropolitan areas used in Japan, defined by the Center for Spatial Information Service of the University of Tokyo. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry defined 233 areas for the UEAs of Japan.[1] It is different from the definition of metropolitan areas defined in census by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. For the latter scheme, see the List of metropolitan areas in Japan article.

The basic principle of UEA is similar to that of the Statistics Bureau definition; a central city and its associated outlying municipalities with certain numbers of commuters. A UEA with at least 50,000 DID (Densely Inhabited District) population is called Metropolitan Employment Area (大都市雇用圏, Dai-toshi Koyō-ken) or MEA for short in English. A UEA with at least 10,000 and less than 50,000 DID population is called Micropolitan Employment Area (小都市雇用圏, Shō-toshi Koyō-ken) or McEA for short in English.

Definition

Central city
  • If a municipality has at least 10,000 DID population, and is not a suburb of any other municipalities, it is defined as a central city.
  • Even if a municipality is a suburb of another, it can still be defined as a central city. In this case, a municipality must have workers working there more than those living there. It must also have the DID population of at least 10,000, or a third of the population of the central city.
Suburb
  • If a municipality A has more than 10% of its population commuting to a central city B, A is defined as a (primary) suburb of B.
    • If there are multiple such cities for a suburb A, the one with the most commuters from A is defined as A's central city.
  • If a municipality A has more than 10% of its population commuting to another suburb B, and if no other municipalities have more commuters from A, A is defined as a secondary suburb or lower of B.
  • If a municipality A has more than 10% of its population commuting to B and vice versa, the one with the higher percentage of commuters is defined as a suburb of another.
  • If a central city comprises multiple municipalities, numbers of commuters to all those municipalities are counted for the calculations above.

Top 100 Urban Employment Areas in Japan

Tokyo MEA
Osaka MEA
Nagoya MEA
Kyoto MEA
Fukuoka MEA
Kobe MEA
Sapporo MEA
Sendai MEA
Okayama MEA
Hiroshima MEA

Source: Urban Employment Area (UEA) Code Table, "地域経済の将来動向分析に関する調査研究" [A study on the future trend analysis of the regional economy] (in Japanese).

  • W/L here is jūgyō jōjū jinkōhi (従業常住人口比), the ratio of workers in the area, against the number of workers living in the area.
  • DID population here is a population of central city. If an area has multiple central cities, only the most populous one among them is counted.
  • A 2015 population decrease from 2005 is written in red figures.
  • Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) is listed on white background. Micropolitan Employment Area (McEA) is listed on yellow background.
  • Prefectural capital is numbered with blue background.
  • 1980 ranks include Kurashiki MEA, which was merged with Okayama MEA in 2000. Those under No. 100 are marked as "-".
2015 1980 NamePop.
(2015)		 Pop.
(1980)		 W/L
(2015)		 GDP
(in billion US$)
(2010)[2][3]
11Tokyo MEA35,303,77826,624,0031.721,797.9
22Osaka MEA12,078,82011,170,0181.82516.8
33Nagoya MEA6,871,6324,538,8321.23256.3
44Kyoto MEA2,801,0442,361,2051.14115.3
56Fukuoka MEA2,565,5011,773,1291.22101.6
65Kobe MEA2,419,9732,047,5611.0396.0
77Sapporo MEA2,362,9141,751,9961.0184.7
810Sendai MEA1,612,4991,248,6161.1161.7
914Okayama MEA1,526,503750,1881.0563.1
109Hiroshima MEA1,431,6341,327,1981.0261.3
118Kitakyushu MEA1,314,2761,524,7471.0455.7
1254Maebashi MEA1,263,034341,3311.0759.8
1313Hamamatsu MEA1,129,296825,5030.9854.3
1412Kumamoto MEA1,111,596836,8921.0239.8
1525Utsunomiya MEA1,103,745547,5451.0650.7
1632Toyama MEA1,066,328504,3531.1049.5
1715Niigata MEA1,060,013726,9831.0143.3
1811Shizuoka MEA988,056966,0741.0545.8
1979Tsukuba MEA843,402216,3371.1837.1
2020Naha MEA830,532616,0101.2426.8
2116Gifu MEA823,219711,9811.0332.2
2222Takamatsu MEA819,327592,5551.0734.7
2324Nagasaki MEA785,108553,1011.0627.9
2417Himeji MEA773,389709,2191.0333.6
2530Fukuyama MEA753,528517,5141.0031.5
2619Kanazawa MEA747,780626,5231.1331.7
2721Oita MEA737,936608,6531.0328.9
2818Kagoshima MEA724,236662,7371.0226.4
2928Mito MEA687,734532,9111.1630.3
3027Toyohashi MEA670,144540,8800.9531.0
3136Tokushima MEA659,744478,7721.1428.4
3239Fukui MEA646,813454,4951.1728.7
3326Matsuyama MEA637,608542,1881.0124.5
3429Yokkaichi MEA623,210522,2331.0829.1
3594Ota MEA613,825161,9451.1621.6
3631Nagano MEA589,549514,1361.0624.9
3737Kofu MEA586,986476,5431.2225.2
3823Wakayama MEA569,758566,6681.0824.6
3955Koriyama MEA544,662341,0041.0820.2
4040Yamagata MEA534,571415,9651.1020.0
4134Kochi MEA519,390490,4011.0417.5
4248Miyazaki MEA502,401356,7711.0118.2
4366Tsu MEA499,709280,0451.0523.8
4435Numazu MEA497,258487,6061.1122.9
4556Toyota MEA484,352340,5961.2128.3
4645Morioka MEA470,414382,7061.1017.9
4753Fukushima MEA451,044343,0631.0618.0
4846Matsumoto MEA447,802371,8501.0918.5
4944Kurume MEA431,897384,2640.9816.8
5060Saga MEA398,217304,7031.1215.2
5143Akita MEA397,801384,7181.0816.0
5242Asahikawa MEA388,701394,5321.0114.3
5352Fuji MEA387,236345,7201.0118.1
5468Nagaoka MEA356,767274,3941.0415.7
5551Iwaki MEA350,237347,4080.9713.0
5647Hitachi MEA349,111368,4051.1617.2
5741Hakodate MEA340,489395,4031.0512.7
58-Narita MEA328,796-1.5116.7
5975Okinawa MEA327,550236,3980.957.1
6058Hachinohe MEA324,451331,6081.0812.5
6165Ogaki MEA313,740280,9451.0613.0
62102Yamaguchi MEA313,364147,8671.0214.6
6357Aomori MEA310,640336,6771.0312.3
6461Sasebo MEA298,023304,6781.0211.1
6567Hirosaki MEA291,789278,2341.1110.6
6682Matsue MEA284,790205,0311.0611.7
67-Kamisu McEA270,079-1.16-
6849Shimonoseki MEA268,517348,8750.9812.1
6964Shunan MEA267,340295,5061.0813.0
7078Obihiro MEA263,344221,6591.079.9
7159Kure MEA252,891320,3420.9911.0
72139Nasushiobara McEA250,876100,0830.92-
7387Miyakonojo MEA236,290189,0651.088.5
7469Omuta MEA234,581254,7231.088.6
7574Tottori MEA232,610239,9721.068.4
7676Ube MEA232,100229,7290.9910.7
7770Yonago MEA231,746246,5811.068.1
7877Joetsu MEA230,186227,9471.009.9
79-Higashiomi McEA228,704-0.90-
8084Niihama MEA228,077196,4831.049.3
8183Aizuwakamatsu MEA223,807197,6721.119.0
82108Komatsu McEA222,986141,5821.01-
83-Higashihiroshima MEA219,333-0.98-
8486Oyama MEA218,354190,1941.009.7
85130Sanjo MEA215,037109,3861.109.7
86-Koga MEA212,776-0.909.2
8780Ueda McEA212,314205,7751.028.8
88211Osaki McEA205,92565,5250.95-
8972Kushiro MEA205,177242,3311.008.2
90144Nakatsu McEA203,10197,8171.05-
91122Suwa McEA198,475114,7051.13-
92214Kakegawa McEA193,94364,8431.04-
9385Ishinomaki MEA193,051194,6801.077.9
94184Kitakami McEA191,21376,6331.09-
9596Tomakomai MEA190,477158,1911.017.4
9673Muroran MEA189,696241,3711.207.4
9788Iizuka McEA189,195188,4201.037.2
98170Ina McEA184,30584,0030.99-
9997Ise MEA183,793157,6690.967.9
100104Tsuyama McEA182,412144,2301.03-

These areas have multiple central cities. Municipal names are as of 2015.

These areas changed their names between 1980 and 2000, as the most populated central cities have changed.

  • Tsuchiura MEA changed to Tsukuba MEA after 1995.
  • Kimitsu MEA changed to Kisarazu MEA after 1990.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 経済産業省の地域政策におけるエリア概念について (PDF) (Report) (in Japanese). 2014. p. 3.
  2. ↑ Yoshitsugu Kanemoto. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo.
  3. ↑ Conversion rates - Exchange rates - OECD Data
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