Mingginda
Minkin
RegionQueensland, Australia
EthnicityMingin people
Extinct(date missing)
Language codes
ISO 639-3xxm
Glottologmink1237
AIATSIS[1]G26

Mingginda or Minkin is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language, perhaps a language isolate, of northern Australia. It was spoken by the Mingin people in the area around Burketown, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in an area that contains the headwaters of the Leichhardt River.[2]

The classification of Minkin is uncertain, primarily due to a lack of data. It has been suggested that it may have been related to the Yiwaidjan or Tankic language families. Evans (1990) believes it has been demonstrated to be a Tankic language, more distant than the others are to each other; this is accepted in Bowern (2011).[3]

Phonology

Consonants

Peripheral Laminal Apical
Labial Velar Dental Palatal Alveolar Retroflex
Plosive p k c t ʈ
Nasal m ŋ (n̪) ɲ n ɳ
Rhotic (ɾ~r) (ɻ)
Lateral (l̪) ʎ l ɭ
Approximant w j

Consonants in parentheses are unattested, but may have existed.

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i u
Low a

It is not possible to tell if there was vowel length.[2]

Vocabulary

Minkin data reconstituted by Evans (1990):[2]

glossMinkin
man (Aboriginal)ŋaRka (ŋařka)
'the blacks'yaŋ(k)ana; wampuRa; kOmu; miŋ(k)u
white manpiʈa; Takantana
young mankulankali; wuRunta (wuɽunta)
boy, childrenwuRaRa
baby (also 'little', 'younger brother')piltʸinkuRa
girlpuLupuLa (puɭupuɭa)
womanmaku
old manpaʈiŋaRa
old womanwaʈikiRi (waʈikiři)
fatherkEyatʸi
motherkuntuŋu
sisterwuŋ(k)uRa-paŋa; yilulaŋa
brother, elderNaŋkalʸ or Naŋkay
brother, youngerpiRtʸinkuRa
mother's motherTiTila
GodtʸORpuyu
ghostspaʈa
'being who taught them everything'kuwaRi
headwiʈa
hair of headpuLumpa
hair of beard, beardyaRinʸa, yaRiŋa
eyemitʸELa
earmaRa (mařa)
mouthpaRka
teethliya
tongueTHalŋa ~ THanŋa
nosekiwiRa
faceyiRa
neckpanTaLmaRa
shouldertʸaʈa
breasts, milkŋukula
backkOnTa (kanta)
stomachpaʈaka; puLtʸi
chestpayuLa
thighpiLpa; t̪anpa
legtʸila
anklemukuLa
foottʸaŋ(k)a
track of a foottʸaŋ(k)ay, tʸaNa
armwaLERa
wristmuni-muni; maNay-maNay
handŋaRŋaRa (ŋařŋařa)
fingersŋařa
skinpakuRu
boneTimERa (ʈimiřa)
bloodtakana
fatpaRaŋ(k)a (paɽaŋka)
bowels, excrementTORa (ʈuRa)
excrementmalina
kangaroopunkana; tʸaku-tʸaku
possumwapuRa
tame dogkutu
wild dog, dingomitʸilpaRa
emupuLanʸtʸana
black duckpiyanʸtʸuRa
wood duckyapiRa- muntunʸtʸiRa
pelicanyukuTaRa; pitiltu
laughing jackass (kookaburra)TalkuRa (t̪alkuřa)
native companion (brolga)Tila-TalkuRa; puRalku
white cockatooTayalpuwaRa; kaRimpala
crowwaŋkuLa
swankunankuta
wild turkeypiRinkuRa
eggyapipa
snakepalaŋ(k)aRa; pakanpapa
fishwaRa
crayfishmiNTuLa
mosquitokalaRaŋ(k)a (kalařaŋka)
flywuŋaRa; kuRiNa
grasskOɳa (kaɳa); puLpa
barkkuRumpa; pakuRu
woodwiLa; wiLaTaLOnti (wiLa t̪alunti)
war-spearwaRinwaRina; maLtʸiNTaRa
reed-spearwaRin; ŋuRmi (ŋuřmi)
woomerapiRi (piři)
shieldTaʈuna; tʸaRpi (tʸařpi)
tomahawkTHaʈiyapina; tʸaRiwiNTila
boomerangwaŋila
carvings on boomerangwaLitʸi
canoekamiRa
campNETa (ɳat̪a) (ŋita)
firewiLa
heatyaLuLu (yalulu); mawuRina
smokeTumpuɳa; kuya-kuya
lightNawaNawa; kawuntuNaRay
dark (= night)kawuNTi
water, rainwat̪a
foodLa(R)kuLa
honey (= fat)paRaŋ(k)a (paɽaŋka)
thirstyNVRmuNTu (ŋawaRmuNTu)
hungryNaLu
stone, hillkapaʈa
groundkuʈa
riverkaTaRa (kat̪ařa)
lake, lagoonpaNka
swampwuɭpa
seamawORa
suntʸiRiŋaŋa
moonpalaŋatʸi
moon; star (?)piRiŋ(k)a (piɽiŋka)
star; sky (?)TaLaLa (ʈalala)
thunderpiʈimaRa(-Ta)
windwaRmaRa (wařmaɽa)
rainpuLuLaŋ(k)ana
daypalmanmaLamaLa; yiɳanʸtʸi
todayyanaNiŋ(k)a, yanaLiŋ(k)a
nightmiLimaʈa; kawuNTi
yesterdaykawuNTiwa; yaluNTay
dawnŋaNaRaNa, yuNaRaNa
tomorrowkawuNTu, kawuNTuŋ(k)aRa
by-and-bykiTaNTa ŋatʸa
coldKuRiNa (ŋuřina)
goodpuRuka
badTuRka
bigpuLaNa; kuNamiRa (kunʸamiřa)
little; babypiltʸinkuRa
dead, rottenpukayaNa, puka
sweetkaRaLkaRaLa
onetʸuwaRnʸu ~ tʸuwaLnʸu
twoTikinʸa
threeTantʸilta
fourTikintalʸu- TuwaLʸu, TikintʸaLinʸa
plenty, manyyunkuna; wan(a)puRa
none, nowiɳiŋa; Wawiŋa
anywaNTini
sometʸiliŋa
sameman̪t̪anʸi
othertʸawuNiliŋa
to walkyaNkiya
to walk, goyapu
to runTaŋanʸi
to go awaytʸawuyu
to come hereŋatʸa
to sitNinʸa; kuNuyu
to takekawapa
to holdniŋapa
to let him goyiɭayaNkipa
to givewuNapa
to burn with fireNalapa
to makepiʈimapa
to sleepyuŋ(k)uyu
to dieyuRpiyu
to livepiRitʸinʸa
to eatTayaTaya, TaRa
to drinkWawunTini
to speakwatʸi
to seeNawapa
to feel(yu)wiŋapa
to hear(yu)wiŋʸtʸin- ta(R)watʸiNa
to knowmitʸil-maRa
yesNiya (ŋiya)
'Name of a place where the being camped'maalpay or maalpi
Marriage class A (male)LiyaRaNu
Marriage class C (female, marries A)kaŋila
Marriage class B (male, marries D)kayaLOLa
Marriage class D (female, marries B)ŋařitʸpalaŋi
Where are the blacks?TaɳaŋaRa komu?; TaɳaŋaRa miŋ(k)u
I don't know.waNTaŋ Naŋ(k)i kuʈa; waNTaŋ Nanʸtʸi kuʈa

References

  1. G26 Mingginda at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  2. 1 2 3 Evans, Nicholas (1990). "The Minkin language of the Burketown region". In Geoffrey N. O'Grady & Darrell T. Tryon (ed.). Studies in Comparative Pama-Nyungan. Volume 111 of Pacific Linguistics. Australian National University. pp. 173–207. ISBN 978-0-85883-388-3.
  3. Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)
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