Modern Primitives may refer to:

• Modern primitive, a person in modern society who engages in body modification with ritual purpose
• Modern Primitive (album), a 2016 studio album by Steve Vai
• Modern Primitives (book), a 1989 book by V. Vale and Andrea Juno
• "Modern Primitives" (The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy), episode 4a of season 5 (2006)
• Modern primitive, the term used in the early 20th century, especially the 1930s and 1940s, to promote self-taught artists in Europe and the U.S., the first and most famous of whom was the French painter Henri Rousseau. The U.S. constituents, who came to public attention in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, included painters Morris Hirshfield, John Kane, Anna Mary Robertson Moses, Horace Pippin, Bill Traylor, and sculptor William Edmondson.