Freedom of speech sign with uncensored vulgarity held by a demonstrator at a protest in San Francisco, California

Motherfucker (/ˈmʌðərfʌkər/), sometimes abbreviated as mofo, mf, or mf'er, is an English-language vulgarism. It is a form of the profanity fuck. The word is usually considered highly offensive.[1] In common usage, however, it is rarely used in a literal way, which, under a standard reading, would mean an incestuous relationship with one's own mother (i.e., Oedipal love). Rather, the word usually refers to a mean, despicable, or vicious person; or any particularly difficult or frustrating situation. Conversely, it can be used positively, as a term of admiration, as in the term badass motherfucker (BAMF), meaning a fearless and confident person.

Variants

Like many widely used offensive terms, motherfucker has a large list of minced oaths. Motherhumper, motherfugger, mother f'er, mothersucker, mothertrucker, motherfreaker, motherlover, mofo, fothermucker, monkey-fighting,[2] motherflower, mother flipper, motherkisser and many more are sometimes used in polite company or to avoid censorship. The participle motherfucking is often used as an emphatic, in the same way as the less strong fucking. The verb to motherfuck also exists, although it is less common. Conversely, when paired with an adjective, it can become a term denoting such things as originality and masculinity, as in the related phrase "badass motherfucker." Use of the term as a compliment is frequent in the jazz community; for example, when Miles Davis addressed his future percussionist Mino Cinelu: "Miles...grabbed his arm and said, 'You're a motherfucker.' Cinelu thanked Miles for the compliment."[3]

The word dates back at least to the late 19th century. In an 1889 Texas murder case, a witness testified that the victim had called the defendant a "God damned mother-f—king, bastardly son-of-a-bitch" shortly before his death.[4][5] A later Texas court opinion from 1897 prints the word "mother-fucking" in full.[6][5] and in 1917 a U.S. soldier called his draft board "You low-down Mother Fuckers" in a letter.[7]

In literature, Norman Mailer uses it occasionally, disguised as motherfugger, in his 1948 novel The Naked and the Dead,[8] and used it in full in his 1967 novel Why Are We in Vietnam?.[5] It appears twice in James Purdy's 1956 novella 63: Dream Palace.[9] In Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five the word is used by one of the soldiers in the story – leading to the novel being often challenged in libraries and schools. Vonnegut joked in a speech, published in the collection Fates Worse Than Death, that "Ever since that word was published, way back in 1969, children have been attempting to have intercourse with their mothers. When it will stop no one knows."[10]

The words "mother for you" or "mother fuyer", as minced oaths for "motherfucker", were used in blues and R&B records from the 1930s. A few examples include Memphis Minnie's "Dirty Mother For You" (1935), Roosevelt Sykes' "Dirty Mother For You" (1936), and Dirty Red's "Mother Fuyer" (1947). The singer Stick McGhee, whose recording of "Drinking Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee" was a hit in 1949, claimed that he had originally heard the song as "Drinking Wine, Motherfucker". Later, Johnny "Guitar" Watson had a hit in 1977 with "A Real Mother For Ya".[11][12]

In popular music, the first mainstream rock release to include the word was the 1969 album Kick Out the Jams by MC5. The title track, a live recording, is introduced by vocalist Rob Tyner shouting "And right now. right now. right now it's time to. kick out the jams, motherfuckers!". This was quickly pulled from stores, and an edited version was released with the words "brothers and sisters" overdubbed on the offending word. At about the same time, the Jefferson Airplane released the album Volunteers, the opening track of which, "We Can Be Together", included the line "up against the wall, motherfucker", a popular catch phrase among radical groups at the time. This attracted less attention. The word was strongly implied, but not said explicitly, in Isaac Hayes' huge 1971 hit song "Theme from Shaft". Arlo Guthrie's 1967 piece "Alice's Restaurant" used a minced version, "mother rapers."[13] Though rarely broadcast in the US, the word has since become common in popular music, particularly in hip hop.

The word appears in George Carlin's Seven Words You Can't Say on Television. In one HBO special, he comments that at one point, someone asked him to remove it, since, as a derivative of the word "fuck", it constituted a duplication.[14] He later added it back, claiming that the bit's rhythm does not work without it.[14]

The word has become something of a catchphrase for actor Samuel L. Jackson, who frequently utters the word in some films.[15] His use of the word helped him overcome a lifelong stuttering problem.[16]

Literature

See also

References

  1. ↑ "What does motherfucker mean?".
  2. ↑ Snakes on a Plane - The TV Edit - The famous line, retrieved 8 January 2023
  3. ↑ Cole, George (2007). The Last Miles: The Music of Miles Davis, 1980–1991. University of Michigan Press. p. 90. ISBN 9780472032600. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  4. ↑ M. H. Levy v. State, 28 Tex. Crim. 3208, 206 (Tex. Crim. App. 1889-11-13).
  5. 1 2 3 Wickman, Forrest (14 February 2013). ""Motherfucker" etymology and origins: How it became badass to be a mofo". Slate.com. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  6. ↑ John H. Fitzpatrick v. State, 37 Tex. Crim. 1159, 22 (Tex. Crim. App. 1897-01-13) ("The deceased called the defendant a mother-fucking son-of-a-bitch just preceding the fatal shot").
  7. ↑ Adriane Danette Lentz-Smith (2 September 2011). Freedom Struggles (Reprint ed.). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674062054.
  8. ↑ Buschel, Bruce (23 June 2015). "Dear Jon Stewart: Thanks For The Ride, Motherfucker". Theconcourse.deadspin.com. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  9. ↑ Purdy, James (1957). Color of darkness; eleven stories and a novella. New York: New Directions. pp. 173, 175.
  10. ↑ Vonnegut, Kurt (1992). Fates Worse Than Death. New York: Berkeley Books. p. 76. ISBN 0-425-13406-7.
  11. ↑ Peter Silverton, Filthy English: The How, Why, When And What Of Everyday Swearing, Portobello Books, 2011
  12. ↑ Jim Dawson, The Compleat Motherfucker: A History of the Mother of All Dirty Words, ReadHowYouWant.com, 2011, p.135
  13. ↑ "Archived copy". www.arlo.net. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. 1 2 Carlin, George (1978). On Location: George Carlin at Phoenix (DVD). HBO Home Video.
  15. ↑ Jensen, Jeff (4 August 2006). "Kicking Asp". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 18 January 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
  16. ↑ "Samuel L. Jackson Needs Certain Swear Word To Stop His Stutter". Huffington Post. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  17. ↑ Dawson, Jim (2009). The Compleat Motherfucker: A History of the Mother of All Dirty Words. Los Angeles, California, United States: Feral House. ISBN 978-1-932595-41-3.
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