Murayama (written: 村山) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Akihiro Murayama (born 1980), Japanese mixed martial artist
• Go Murayama (村山 豪, born 1998), Japanese volleyball player
• Kaita Murayama (1896–1919), Japanese author
• Milton Murayama (1923-2016), Japanese-Hawaiian novelist and playwright
• Noé Murayama (1930–1997), Mexican actor
• Shichirō Murayama (1908–1995), a Japanese linguist
• Takashi Murayama (村山 隆志, born 1951), Japanese rower
• Takuya Murayama (村山 拓哉, born 1989), Japanese footballer
• Tamotsu Murayama (1905–1968), Director of the Boy Scouts of Japan
• Tatsuo Murayama (1915–2010), Japanese politician
• Tetsuya Murayama (村山 哲也, born 1974), Japanese football manager
• Murayama Tōan, Japanese magistrate in 17th-century
• Tomohiko Murayama (born 1987), Japanese footballer
• Tomiichi Murayama (born 1924), 81st Prime Minister of Japan
• Tomoyoshi Murayama (1901–1977), Japanese avant-garde artist
• Úrsula Murayama (born 1972), Mexican actress
• Wataru Murayama, female Japanese manga writer
• Yasuaki Murayama (born 1984), Japanese shogi player
• Yoshitaka Murayama, creator of the video game series Suikoden
• Yusuke Murayama (born 1981), Japanese former football player