Muslim Council of Britain
AbbreviationMCB
Formation23 November 1997
TypeReligious organization
Region served
United Kingdom
Secretary-general
Zara Mohammed
AffiliationsSunni Islam and Shia Islam
Websitemcb.org.uk

The Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) is a national umbrella body with over 500 mosques and educational and charitable associations affiliated to it. It includes national, regional, local, and specialist Muslim organisations and institutions from different ethnic and sectarian backgrounds within major parts of, but not all, British Islamic society.[1]

It has been called the "best known and most powerful" of the many organisations that have been founded in the 1990s and 2000s to represent Britain's Muslims.[2] Since 2009, the Labour Party, the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition and the Conservative governments have maintained a policy of "non-engagement" with the Muslim Council of Britain due to allegations the group does not represent the British Muslim community and claims that members of the council have made 'favourable' remarks about extremists in the past.[3][4]

History

At its first General Assembly, held on 1 March 1998, the MCB elected a Central Working Committee and office-bearers for the first time.[5]

The Secretary General from 1997 to 2006, Iqbal Sacranie, received a knighthood in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours for his longstanding service to the community and interfaith dialogue.[6] The organisation has had a chequered history in its relationship with and recognition by the UK government since at least 2006.[7][8] During the 2010–2015 Coalition government, the MCB met with a number of Liberal Democrat ministers, including the Minister for Communities, Stephen Williams, at the Department for Communities and Local Government in September 2014, the Energy Secretary Ed Davey in 2014, and the Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg at the Cabinet Office in September 2015.[9]

Funding

The MCB's core administrative expenses are funded entirely by affiliation fees from members, as well as donations from individuals and grant-giving organisations. The MCB also runs projects to raise the capability of British Muslim communities and to widen good practice. All MCB projects self-fundraise through sponsorship, donations or grants, and MCB does not have a central 'pot' of money to fund internal or externally-led projects.[10]

In 2005, the MCB received a project-specific £150,000 Government grant for a number of specific projects. These were: the MCB leadership development programme; the MCB leadership mentoring programme; MCB direct, a web portal for information on Islam and Muslims; a British citizenship programme; and the British Muslim Equality Programme. The MCB had requested £500,000 and was criticised for accepting even the lower actual figure because it might be perceived as threatening its independent status.[11]

Campaigns and projects

  • Towards Greater Understanding is a 2007 document produced by the MCB "intended to be used, as a source of reference by schools when reviewing their policies and practices in relation to meeting the needs of their South-Asian Muslim pupils".[12] The report claims to be an attempt at education because "South-Asian Muslims are experiencing racism and Islamophobia both personally and institutionally through forms of marginalisation, discrimination, prejudice and stereotyping".[13]
  • Visit My Mosque day: Facilitated by the MCB first in 2005, this initiative encourages mosques across the UK to hold open days at the same time. In 2016 over 80 mosques took part, including mosques in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; the figure exceeded 200 in February 2018.

Muslim women

In 2018, the MCB launched the Women in Mosques Development Programme, which aimed to train women to run mosques and other organizations and institutions through personal 1-1 mentoring and specialised workshops over a period of six months.[14] Regarding the limited number of Muslim women on trustee or management boards of mosques, the MCB stated that "the lack of diversity is unacceptable".[14] In 2011, the MCB expressed that a woman not covering their face with a veil is shortcoming, and Muslims that advocate such behavior are in jeopardy of "rejecting Islam".[15]

Views

The MCB condemned the 2003 invasion of Iraq as "a massive disconnect between public opinion – including Muslim opinion – on the one side and the political classes on the other".[16] The group condemns terrorism by Muslims and non-Muslims alike and has urged Muslims to help in the fight against terrorism.[17] Nevertheless, though the MCB has unequivocally condemned terrorism committed by Muslims against Jews and Jewish targets both in Britain and in other countries, it has never condemned Islamic terrorism against Jews in Israel or in the Palestinian territories. Following allegations that police had wire-tapped a Muslim member of parliament, the Council said it was vital "to hold to account the improper behaviour of senior police officers."[18]

In 2004, the MCB criticised Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, head of the Catholic Church of England and Wales, when he said that Muslim leaders were not doing enough to denounce terrorists who carried out attacks "in the name of Allah", while clarifying that they denounced terrorism.[19]

Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, the MCB issued statements expressing its disgust at the events: "All of us must unite in helping the police to capture these murderers."[20]

In February 2006, the MCB urged MPs to vote for the Lords' amendment to the Terrorism Act 2006, which removed the "glorification of terrorism" clause from the bill.[21] They stated that the bill was perceived as "unfairly targeting Muslims and stifling legitimate debate".[21] The bill was eventually passed without the amendment by 315 votes to 277.[22] The opposition of the council to the clause and to British policy in Iraq attracted both praise and criticism. Sunny Hundal wrote in an exchange with Iqbal Sacranie: "In order to defeat violent extremism, we must understand what motivates these people and what turns them into killers. What puts them in that frame of mind? The Iraq War alone is not enough." He also criticised what he saw as close links between the MCB and the Labour Party. Sacranie conceded that "propaganda literature may well play a role", but emphasised: "such propaganda can only be effective because of the conducive atmosphere we have helped create."[23]

The MCB has co-operated with trade unions and issued a joint statement with the Trades Union Congress urging better community relations and encouraging Muslims to join trade unions.[24]

On 3 March 2008, the MCB criticised the Foreign Secretary David Miliband's response to Israel's killing of over 100 Palestinians in Gaza as "blatantly one-sided." It said, "If we are serious about wanting peace, we must act as honest brokers, not partisan bystanders."[25]

When schoolteacher Gillian Gibbons was jailed in Sudan for allowing her class to name a teddy bear Muhammad, the same as the Muslim prophet, the MCB condemned the incident as "a gross overreaction" and said the Sudanese authorities lacked basic common sense.[26]

Following the fatal bombing of Manchester Arena in May 2017, MCB Secretary General Harun Khan condemned the attack, saying "This is horrific, this is criminal. May the perpetrators face the full weight of justice both in this life and the next."[27]

Controversies

Holocaust

Between 2001 and 2007, the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) expressed its unwillingness to attend the Holocaust Memorial Day ceremony and associated events. In a press release dated 26 January 2001 the Council listed two points of contention that prevented them from attending the event, which were that it "totally excludes and ignores the ongoing genocide and violation of Human Rights in the occupied Palestinian territories, in Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere" and that "It includes the controversial question of alleged Armenian genocide as well as the so-called gay genocide."[28]

Since 2007, the MCB has called for the day to be replaced by a "Genocide Memorial Day".[29] On 3 December 2007, the MCB voted to end the boycott. Assistant general secretary Inayat Bunglawala argued it was "inadvertently causing hurt to some in the Jewish community". It drew criticism; for example Anas al-Tikriti said: "rather than a mere remembrance of victims of one of the most heinous crimes in history", Holocaust Memorial Day has "become a political event" which "glorifies the state of Israel, turning a collective blind eye to the immeasurable suffering of Palestinians at the hands of Israelis every single day."[29]

Sectarianism

Historically, MCB has constantly spoken out against sectarianism. In 2013, the council signed an intra-faith unity declaration between a number of Islamic schools and branches within both Sunni and Shia denominations of Islam.[30] In April 2016, following the "religiously prejudiced" murder of a British Ahmadi Muslim, Asad Shah, the MCB denounced any form of murder, but also said nobody should be "forced" to accept the Ahmadiyya Community as part of the wider Muslim community.

The MCB has been criticised by Martin Bright, among others, for failing to be truly representative. He said, in response to an article by Madeleine Bunting: "any body that represents itself as speaking for the Muslim community must demonstrate that is entirely non-sectarian and non-factional. The MCB has consistently failed in this area and the Government should consider cutting all ties until it has thoroughly reformed itself."[31] Bunting disagreed, saying: "To the extent that the government over-relied on the MCB, it was due to the laziness of the government wanting only to hear one voice". She said it would be "absurd to exclude the MCB, the biggest Muslim organisation in this country and the one that has achieved the greatest degree of non-factionalism and non-sectarianism."[32]

Homosexuality

The MCB opposed the repeal of Section 28 on the grounds that presenting "homosexual practice as equivalent to marriage or in a morally neutral way is deeply offensive to Muslims" and that a repeal "undermines the institution of the family and will damage the fabric of our society".[33] Yet, in April 2007, the Muslim Council of Britain issued a statement supporting the government legislation "prohibiting discrimination in the provision of goods and services on grounds of sexual orientation".[34]

On 3 January 2006, Iqbal Sacranie told BBC Radio 4's PM programme he believes homosexuality is "not acceptable" and denounced same-sex civil partnerships as "harmful". Gay rights campaigners, such as Peter Tatchell, called for a "dialogue" between the MCB and gay organisations.[35][36] In April 2007, the MCB formally declared its support for the Equality Act, which outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. The journalist Brian Whitaker said: "the Muslim Council of Britain has begun to move towards accepting homosexuality".[37]

Schools and education

MCB guidance for schools says that parents of Muslim children should be allowed to withdraw their children from school activities involving mixed swimming, dance, sex and relationship education, music, drama, and figurative drawing on religious grounds. On farm visits, touching or feeding pigs should be prohibited. It also warns that pupils and parents may refuse to shake hands with the opposite sex during prize-giving ceremonies.[12][38] The Daily Express newspaper referred to the publication as demanding "Taleban-style" conditions.[39] It said music lessons were unacceptable to around 10% of Muslim pupils.[40][41]

Based on information from the MCB, Stoke-on-Trent City Council issued a Ramadan guide to all schools. The document said schools should reschedule swimming lessons, sex education and exams so they are outside the month of Ramadan.[42][43]

Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

When editorial cartoons of Muhammad were printed in the Danish daily newspaper Jyllands-Posten on 30 September 2005, the MCB saw them as reflecting "the emergence of an increasingly xenophobic tone being adopted towards Muslims in parts of the Western media" and argued, "We should not allow our valued freedoms in Europe to be abused by those deliberately seeking to provoke hatred and division between communities". At the same time, it said they regarded "the violent threats made against Danish and EU citizens by some groups in the Muslim world as completely unacceptable."[44]

Istanbul Declaration controversy

In March 2009, The Observer reported[45] that people including Daud Abdullah, the Deputy Secretary General of the MCB, had signed what has become known as the Istanbul Declaration (not to be confused with the 2004 Istanbul summit) in January of that year. This was in reaction to Israeli military action in Gaza of December 2008 and January 2009. As reported, the Declaration implored the "Islamic Nation" to oppose by any means all individuals deemed supportive of the "Zionist enemy" (meaning Israel). At the time of signing, political leaders, including the British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown had suggested providing peacekeeping naval forces to monitor arms-smuggling between Gaza and Egypt.[46]

Hazel Blears, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government in the UK, published an open letter saying the government would have no further dealings with the MCB until it distanced itself from the declaration and Abdullah resigned.[47] Abdullah responded in The Guardian by describing her remarks as a "misguided and ill-advised attempt to exercise control."[48] He later said he intended to sue Blears for libel if she did not retract her letter and apologise.[49]

The government rejected his threat.[50]

Islamophobia in the Conservative Party

The Muslim Council of Britain has repeatedly demanded an investigation in Islamophobia in the Conservative Party. In June 2018, the organisation said there are now "more than weekly incidents" involving Conservative candidates and representatives. In an open letter, the organisation told chairman Brandon Lewis he must "ensure racists and bigots have no place" in the party.[51] The Conservative Muslim Forum accused the Conservative Party of a failure to take action on Islamophobia and joined calls for an independent inquiry.[52] In addition, 350 mosques and 11 umbrella organisations across the UK have urged the Conservatives to launch internal inquiry into Islamophobia claims.[53] In July, the organisation repeated its call for an independent inquiry into Islamophobia and accused the Conservatives of turning blind eye to Islamophobia claims.[54]

Unfair media coverage

In July 2019, The Muslim Council of Britain began to launch a "campaign in Parliament for fairer media coverage". After viewing over 10,000 articles and TV clips, the MCB suggested that 43% of media clips portray Muslims with a negative association.[55] In regards to Muslims, the British media "tended to focus on a narrow range of issues and recurrent, negative types of characterization".[56] The MCB also condemned the BBC drama series Bodyguard, stating that it "pandered to stereotypes of Muslim women who wear the hijab as oppressed or subservient".[55]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "About MCB". MCB. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  2. ↑ Morey, Peter; Amina Yaqin (2011). Framing Muslims. Harvard University Press. p. 82. ISBN 9780674048522. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  3. ↑ ""Tory minister sparks anger after meeting Muslim Council of Britain"". thejc.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021.
  4. ↑ "Sajid Javid in Muslim Council of Britain spat over Islamophobia claims". Sky News. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  5. ↑ "Muslim Council of Britain". Muslim Council of Britain. MCB. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "Knighted Muslim vows to speak out". BBC News. 12 June 2005. Archived from the original on 16 January 2006. Retrieved 18 July 2005.
  7. ↑ Muslim Council of Britain: No one to talk to Archived 7 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, economist.com.
  8. ↑ "Government restores links with biggest Muslim group". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "MCB". MCB. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  10. ↑ "mcb.org.uk". Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  11. ↑ "foiacentre.com". Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
  12. 1 2 Muslim Council of Britain (2007). "Meeting the Needs of Muslm pupils in State Schools" (PDF). The Guardian. London. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  13. ↑ "The Constitution of the Muslim Council of Britain" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  14. 1 2 correspondent, Harriet Sherwood Religion (4 October 2018). "Muslim Council of Britain to train women to run mosques". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  15. ↑ Gilligan, Andrew (16 April 2011). "Muslim Council: women cannot debate wearing veil". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  16. ↑ "MCB". Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  17. ↑ Muir, Hugh (4 July 2007). "Muslims must help police more, leaders urge". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  18. ↑ Dodd, Vikram (4 February 2008). "Inquiry is vital to retain Muslim confidence – MP". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  19. ↑ "British Muslims hit back at archbishop of Westminster". International News. Agence France-Presse. 12 April 2004.
  20. ↑ "MCB". Archived from the original on 7 April 2008. Retrieved 31 March 2008.
  21. 1 2 "mcb.org.uk". Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
  22. ↑ Travis, Alan (16 February 2006). "Extremist Muslim groups to be banned". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 17 September 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
  23. ↑ Two, Take (23 March 2007). "Sunny Hundal v Inayat Bunglawala". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  24. ↑ "TUC General Council statement jointly with the Muslim Council of Britain". TUC. 11 September 2006. Archived from the original on 29 June 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  25. ↑ "British Muslims Appalled at Miliband's Selective Condemnation of Gaza Mass Killings". MCB. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  26. ↑ "Gross Overreaction from Sudanese Authorities". MCB. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2008.
  27. ↑ "At least 22 dead, 59 injured in suicide attack at Manchester Arena". The Guardian. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  28. ↑ "MCB --- LATEST --- Press Release". mcb.org.uk. 9 March 2001. Archived from the original on 9 March 2001. Retrieved 15 January 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  29. 1 2 Altikriti, Anas (4 December 2007). "Forgetting to remember". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  30. ↑ "Row breaks out between UK Sunni and Shia over Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr execution". The Guardian. 27 February 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  31. ↑ – "Silly Bunt" Archived 24 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine, New Statesman ]
  32. ↑ Bunting, Madeleine (12 July 2007). "A dialogue of the deaf". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  33. ↑ Johnson, Paul; Vanderbeck, Robert M. (2014). Law, Religion and Homosexuality. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9780415832687.
  34. ↑ "MCB statement on SOR's". Muslim Council of Britain. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  35. ↑ Tatchell, Peter (25 October 2006). "Respect is a two-way street". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  36. ↑ Tatchell, Peter (4 May 2006). "Time to talk to gay people, Sir Iqbal". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  37. ↑ Whitaker, Brian (1 May 2007). "Tentative steps". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  38. ↑ Archived 1 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine p47
  39. ↑ Baker, Mike (24 February 2007). "Was Muslim guidance reasonable?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  40. ↑ "'Music ban' for Muslim children". BBC News. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  41. ↑ "Muslim pupils taken out of music lessons 'because Islam forbids playing an instrument' | News | London Evening Standard". Evening Standard. London. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  42. ↑ "Schools advised against swimming lessons in Ramadan". BBC News. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  43. ↑ Riazat Butt. "New guidance for Muslim pupils | Education". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  44. ↑ "mcb.org.uk". Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
  45. ↑ Doward, Jamie (8 March 2009). "Daud Abdullah Urged to Quit Over Gaza". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  46. ↑ "Brown in UK Navy Offer for Gaza". BBC. 17 January 2009. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  47. ↑ Blears, Hazel (25 March 2009). "Why the Government Will Not Talk to the MCB Until Daud Abdullah Resigns". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  48. ↑ Abdullah, Daud (26 March 2009). "My Response to Hazel Blears". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  49. ↑ Hirsch, Afua (4 April 2009). "Hazel Blears Faces Libel Action for Attack on Leading Muslim". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  50. ↑ "Rejection of Daud Abdullah's Legal Threat". 9 April 2009. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  51. ↑ "Baroness Warsi: Conservatives must act on Islamophobia". BBC News. 31 May 2018. Archived from the original on 2 June 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  52. ↑ "Tories have not tackled Islamophobia, Conservative Muslim Forum saysa". BBC News. 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  53. ↑ Khan, Shehab (4 June 2018). "More than 350 mosques urge Conservatives to launch internal inquiry into Islamophobia claims". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  54. ↑ Sabbagh, Dan (26 June 2018). "Muslim group accuses Tories of turning blind eye to Islamophobia claims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  55. 1 2 "Muslim Council calls for 'fairer' media coverage". 9 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  56. ↑ "The role of the media". Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK. 2 December 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
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