ERP
Developer(s)SAP SE
Initial release1972 (1972)[1]
Stable release
SAP R/3 (v6.0) / 2016 (2016)
Written inC, C++, ABAP/4[2]
Operating systemWindows, macOS, Linux, Unix
PlatformCross-platform
(On-premises)
PredecessorSAP R/3
SuccessorSAP S/4HANA
Available inOver 50 languages
TypeEnterprise resource planning
LicenseCommercial, Proprietary
Websitewww.sap.com/products/erp.html

SAP ERP is an enterprise resource planning software developed by the German company SAP SE. SAP ERP incorporates the key business functions of an organization. The latest version of SAP ERP (V.6.0) was made available in 2006. The most recent SAP enhancement package 8 for SAP ERP 6.0 was released in 2016. It is now considered legacy technology, having been superseded by SAP S/4HANA.[3][4]

Functionality

Business Processes included in SAP ERP are:

Development

An ERP was built based on the former SAP R/3 software. SAP R/3, which was officially launched on 6 July 1992, consisted of various applications on top of SAP Basis, SAP's set of middleware programs and tools. All applications were built on top of the SAP Web Application Server. Extension sets were used to deliver new features and keep the core as stable as possible. The Web Application Server contained all the capabilities of SAP Basis.

An architecture change took place with the introduction of mySAP ERP in 2004. R/3 Enterprise was replaced with the introduction of ERP Central Component (SAP ECC). The SAP Business Warehouse, SAP Strategic Enterprise Management and Internet Transaction Server were also merged into SAP ECC, allowing users to run them under one instance. The SAP Web Application Server was wrapped into SAP NetWeaver, which was introduced in 2003. Architectural changes were also made to support an enterprise service architecture to transition customers to a Service-oriented architecture.[6]

The latest version, SAP ERP 6.0, was released in 2006. SAP ERP 6.0 has since then been updated through SAP enhancement packs, the most recent: SAP enhancement package 8 for SAP ERP 6.0 was released in 2016.

Implementation

SAP ERP consists of several modules, including Financial Accounting (FI), Controlling (CO), Asset Accounting (AA), Sales & Distribution (SD),SAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM),[7] Material Management (MM), Production Planning (PP), Quality Management (QM), Project System (PS), Plant Maintenance (PM), Human Resources (HR), Warehouse Management (WM).[8] Traditionally an implementation is split into:

  • Phase 1 – Project Preparation
  • Phase 2 – Business Blueprint
  • Phase 3 – Realization
  • Phase 4 – Final Preparation
  • Phase 5 – Go Live Support

Deployment and maintenance costs

It is estimated that "for a Fortune 500 company, software, hardware, and consulting costs can easily exceed $100 million (around $50 million to $500 million). Large companies can also spend $50 million to $100 million on upgrades. Full implementation of all modules can take years", which also adds to the end price. Midsized companies (fewer than 1,000 employees) are more likely to spend around $10 million to $20 million at most, and small companies are not likely to have the need for a fully integrated SAP ERP system unless they have the likelihood of becoming midsized and then the same data applies as would a midsized company.[9] Independent studies have shown that deployment and maintenance costs of a SAP solution can vary depending on the organization. For example, some point out that because of the rigid model imposed by SAP tools, a lot of customization code to adapt to the business process may have to be developed and maintained.[10] Some others pointed out that a return on investment could only be obtained when there was both a sufficient number of users and sufficient frequency of use.[11][12]

SAP Transport Management System

SAP Transport Management System (STMS) is a tool within SAP ERP systems to manage software updates, termed transports, on one or more connected SAP systems. The tool can be accessed from transaction code STMS. This should not be confused with SAP Transportation Management, a stand-alone module for facilitating logistics and supply chain management in the transportation of goods and materials.

SAP Enhancement Packages for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP EhPs)

The latest version (SAP ERP 6.0) was made available in 2006. Since then, additional functionality for SAP ERP 6.0 has been delivered through SAP Enhancement Packages (EhP).[13] These Enhancement Packages allow SAP ERP customers to manage and deploy new software functionality.[14] Enhancement Packages are optional; customers choose which new capabilities to implement.[15]

SAP EhPs do not require a classic system upgrade.[16] The installation process of Enhancement Packages consists of two different steps:

  • Technical installation of an Enhancement Package
  • Activation of new functions

The technical installation of business functions does not change the system behavior. The installation of new functionalities is decoupled from its activation and companies can choose which business functions they want to activate. This means that even after installing a new business function, there is no change to existing functionality before activation. Activating a business function for one process will have no effect on users working with other functionalities.[17] Reaching its final stage, SAP ECC 6.0 concludes its evolution with Enhancement Package 8 (EHP 8.0). [18] EhP8 served as a foundation to transition to SAP's new business suite: SAP S/4HANA.[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "What does SAP stand for?". 30 May 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  2. ↑ Lextrait, Vincent (January 2010). "The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.0". Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  3. ↑ "RISE with SAP for Modular Cloud ERP: A New Way of Working". 2 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "SAP Buries the Past: Calls Out Legacy ERP, Welcomes Modular Cloud ERP". 9 June 2021.
  5. ↑ Boeder, Jochen; Groene, Bernhard (6 March 2014). The Architecture of SAP ERP: Understand how successful software works. tredition. ISBN 9783849576622.
  6. ↑ Darmawan, Budi; Dvorak, Miroslav; Harnal, Dhruv; Murugan, Rennad; Silva, Marcos (2009). SAP Backup using Tivoli Storage Manager (PDF). ibm.com/redbooks. pp. 8–10. ISBN 978-0738432977.
  7. ↑ "Salesforce Vs SAP Which Is Better? - Saptutorials.in". 7 August 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  8. ↑ "About SAP Modules - SAP Modules List Overview". www.saponlinetutorials.com. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  9. ↑ Monk, Ellen F.; Wagner, Brej J. (2009). Concepts in enterprise resource planning (3rd ed.). Boston: Thomson Course Technology. pp. 23–34. ISBN 978-1-4239-0179-2.
  10. ↑ Everett, Cath (13 February 2008). "Companies warned over custom SAP costs". UK: zdnet. Retrieved 8 March 2009. Around 90 percent of European SAP customers could save six- or seven quid each year by avoiding the creation of bespoke code on top of the ERP platform, an IT consultant has claimed
  11. ↑ Vance, Ashlee (31 March 2003). "SAP costs too much – customers ROI challenged". UK: The Register. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
  12. ↑ "Nucleus Research finds 57 percent of SAP Reference Customers have not Achieved a Positive ROI". Nucleus Research. 31 March 2003. Retrieved 8 March 2009. Customers will see benefits after lengthy implementations, but many deployments anchored down by excessive consulting costs
  13. ↑ Harvey, Tesha; Schattka, Karin (15 December 2009). "SAP ERP 6.0". SAP Community WIKI. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  14. ↑ Naveh, Moshe (24 December 2014). "Overview SAP Enhancement Packages". SAP Community WIKI. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  15. ↑ Bui, Vi (11 January 2006). "THE RELEASE CHANGE CHALLENGE". Noventum. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  16. ↑ Oehler, Christian; Weiss, Thomas (15 December 2009). "Get Ready to Implement SAP Enhancement Packages for SAP ERP 6.0". SAP Experts. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  17. ↑ Thomas, Weiss; Christian, Oehler (1 January 2009). "Innovation Without Disruption: A Deep Dive into SAP's Enhancement Package Strategy for SAP ERP". SAPinsider. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  18. ↑ "SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC)". SAP Vista.
  19. ↑ Rau, Sabine (13 April 2016). "SAP ERP Enhancement Package 8, what is new?". SAP Blogs. Retrieved 2 August 2017.

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