Nan
น่าน
ᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ
Town Municipality
เทศบาลเมืองน่าน
ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ
City pillar shrine, Nan, Wat Ming Mueang
City pillar shrine, Nan, Wat Ming Mueang
Nan is located in Thailand
Nan
Nan
Coordinates: 18°47′N 100°47′E / 18.783°N 100.783°E / 18.783; 100.783
CountryThailand
ProvinceNan
Elevation
[1]
211 m (692 ft)
Population
 (2017)[2]
 • Total20,012
 • Density2,633.16/km2 (6,819.9/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)

Nan (Thai: น่าน, pronounced [nâːn]) is a town in northern Thailand. It is 688 km (428 mi) north of Bangkok. It is in the centre of Nan province which bears its name, and of which it is the former administrative capital.[3] It covers tambon Nai Wiang and parts of tambon Pha Sing of Mueang Nan district, an area of 7.60 km2 (2.93 sq mi) divided into 30 chumchon. In 2010 it had a population of 21,333 spread along the Nan River's right bank. Nan is a small city, primarily devoted to commercial, administrative, educational, and hospital activities. The old heart of the city, where Wat Phumin, the national museum and other tourist attractions are found, is being restored.

Nan, Thailand
"Nan" in Thai language (top) and
Northern Thai with Tai Tham script (bottom)
Thai name
Thaiน่าน
RTGSNan
Northern Thai name
Northern Thaiᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ
(Nan)

History

Nan for centuries was a separate, autonomous kingdom with few relationships with the outside world. There is evidence of prehistoric habitation, but it wasn't until several small mueang united to form Nanthaburi on the Nan River in the mid-14th century, contemporaneously with the creation of Luang Prabang and the Lan Xang (Million Elephants) kingdom in Laos, that the city became notable. Associated with the Sukhothai Kingdom, the mueang took the title Wara Nakhon and played a significant part in the development of early Thai nationalism.

By the end of the 14th century Nan was one of the nine northern Thai-Lao principalities that formed Lanna. The city-state flourished throughout the 15th century under the name Chiang Klang ('middle city'), a reference to its position roughly midway between Chiang Mai ('new city') and Chiang Thong ('golden city'), today's Luang Prabang).

The Burmese took control of the kingdom in 1558 and deported many of the inhabitants to Burma as slaves; the city was deserted until northern Thailand was retaken from the Burmese in 1786. The local dynasty then regained local sovereignty and it remained semi-autonomous until 1931 when Nan finally accepted full Bangkok dominion. Part of its territory had been annexed to Laos by the French in the late-19th century.

Parts of the old city wall and several early wats dating from the Lanna period can be seen in contemporary Nan. The city's wats are distinctive; some temple structures show Lanna influence, while others belong to the Thai Lue legacy brought from Xishuangbanna in China, where the Thai Lue people originated.

Climate

Climate data for Nan (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.8
(98.2)		 38.8
(101.8)		 41.8
(107.2)		 44.1
(111.4)		 42.5
(108.5)		 40.3
(104.5)		 38.0
(100.4)		 38.4
(101.1)		 36.3
(97.3)		 36.6
(97.9)		 36.7
(98.1)		 35.3
(95.5)		 44.1
(111.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.8
(87.4)		 33.6
(92.5)		 36.3
(97.3)		 37.0
(98.6)		 35.5
(95.9)		 34.0
(93.2)		 32.7
(90.9)		 32.2
(90.0)		 32.9
(91.2)		 32.8
(91.0)		 31.8
(89.2)		 30.1
(86.2)		 33.3
(92.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 21.8
(71.2)		 23.9
(75.0)		 27.1
(80.8)		 29.1
(84.4)		 29.0
(84.2)		 28.7
(83.7)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.4
(81.3)		 27.4
(81.3)		 26.7
(80.1)		 24.5
(76.1)		 21.8
(71.2)		 26.3
(79.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.9
(58.8)		 16.1
(61.0)		 19.4
(66.9)		 22.6
(72.7)		 24.0
(75.2)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.2
(75.6)		 23.9
(75.0)		 23.7
(74.7)		 22.3
(72.1)		 19.1
(66.4)		 15.5
(59.9)		 20.8
(69.5)
Record low °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3)		 7.0
(44.6)		 9.1
(48.4)		 17.4
(63.3)		 18.5
(65.3)		 20.1
(68.2)		 19.6
(67.3)		 19.4
(66.9)		 19.4
(66.9)		 13.4
(56.1)		 6.2
(43.2)		 2.7
(36.9)		 2.7
(36.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 14.3
(0.56)		 8.8
(0.35)		 38.7
(1.52)		 98.0
(3.86)		 170.2
(6.70)		 134.8
(5.31)		 213.3
(8.40)		 291.5
(11.48)		 206.2
(8.12)		 59.8
(2.35)		 15.8
(0.62)		 12.1
(0.48)		 1,263.5
(49.74)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1.3 0.8 3.2 6.7 11.3 11.5 15.1 17.9 13.9 6.9 1.4 0.8 90.8
Average relative humidity (%) 75.8 69.0 64.7 67.6 74.7 78.3 81.5 84.4 84.0 81.3 78.8 77.4 76.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 272.8 257.1 294.5 243.0 198.4 156.0 120.9 117.8 144.0 201.5 216.0 254.2 2,476.2
Mean daily sunshine hours 8.8 9.1 9.5 8.1 6.4 5.2 3.9 3.8 4.8 6.5 7.2 8.2 6.8
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[4] Feb–May record highs and lows 1951–2022;[5] [6]
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[7](extremes)[8]

Culture

Wat Phumin is the city's most well-known wat. It is located near the Nan National Museum.[9] The fifteenth century Wat Phra That Khao Noi overlooks the city and the golden Phra Buddha Maha Udom Mongkhon Nanthaburi, Sri Nan is enshrined there.[10] The city has a lak muang (city pillar), Wat Ming Mueang, at the center of the city.[11][12]

References

  1. ↑ "Nan Airport (NNT), Nan, Thailand". LatLong.net. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  2. ↑ รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้าน ประจำปี พ.ศ. 2560 ท้องถิ่นเทศบาลเมืองน่าน ระบบสถิติทางการทะเบียน กรมการปกครอง
  3. ↑ "Nan". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  5. ↑ Thai Meteorological Department. "สถิติอุณหภูมิสูงที่สุดในช่วงฤดูร้อนของประเทศไทยระหว่าง พ.ศ. 2494 - 2565" [Extreme maximum temperature during summer season in Thailand (1951 - 2022)] (PDF). TMD website. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  6. ↑ Thai Meteorological Department. "Extreme minimum temperature during winter season in Thailand 71 year period (1951 - 2021);" (PDF). TMD website. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  7. ↑ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 22. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  8. ↑ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
  9. ↑ "Wat Phumin". www.tourismthailand.org. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  10. ↑ Admin (2020-12-26). "Wat Phra That Khao Noi | Nan Province | Travel in Nan Thailand". Nan Province. Retrieved 2022-09-05.
  11. ↑ orientalarchitecture.com. "City Pillar (Lak Muang), Nan, Thailand". Asian Architecture. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
  12. ↑ "Wat Ming Mueang". www.tourismthailand.org. Retrieved 2022-09-14.

Further reading

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