N. Chandrababu Naidu
2nd Leader of the Opposition
Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Assumed office
30 May 2019
Governor▪︎ E. S. L. Narasimhan
▪︎ Biswabhusan Harichandan
▪︎ S. Abdul Nazeer
Chief MinisterY. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy
Preceded byY. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy
1st Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
In office
8 June 2014 – 29 May 2019
Governor
Deputy
Preceded byOffice Established
(President's rule)
Succeeded byY. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy
1st National President of Telugu Desam Party
Assumed office
29 May 2015
General Secretaries
Preceded byPosition Established
Member of Legislative Assembly
Andhra Pradesh
Assumed office
2014
Preceded byAndhra Pradesh Assembly Created
Constituency Kuppam
8th Leader of the Opposition
United Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
In office
14 May 2004 – 2 June 2014
Governor▪︎ Sushilkumar Shinde
▪︎ Rameshwar Thakur
▪︎ N. D. Tiwari
▪︎ E. S. L. Narasimhan
Chief Minister▪︎ Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
▪︎ Konijeti Rosaiah
▪︎ N. Kiran Kumar Reddy
Preceded byY. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
Succeeded byOffice Dissolved
(Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy as Leader of the Opposition Of Andhra Pradesh)
(Kunduru Jana Reddy as Leader of opposition of Telangana)
13th Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
In office
1 September 1995 – 13 May 2004
Governor▪︎ Krishan Kant
▪︎ Gopala Ramanujam
▪︎ C. Rangarajan
▪︎ Surjit Singh Barnala
Preceded byN. T. Rama Rao
Succeeded byY. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
2nd President of Telugu Desam Party
In office
1 September 1995 - 29 May 2015
Preceded byN. T. Rama Rao
Succeeded byPosition Abolished
Minister of Revenue, Relief, Rehabilitation, Finance, Planning, Small Savings & Lotteries
Government of United Andhra Pradesh
In office
12 December 1994 – 1 September 1995
GovernorKrishan Kant
Chief MinisterN. T. Rama Rao
Succeeded byAshok Gajapathi Raju
Minister of Cinematography, Technical Education, Diary and Minor irrigation & Animal Husbandary
Government of United Andhra Pradesh
In office
1980–1982
GovernorK. C. Abraham
Chief MinisterT. Anjaiah
Member of Legislative Assembly
United Andhra Pradesh
In office
1989–2014
Preceded byN. Rangaswami Naidu
Succeeded byUnited Andhra Pradesh Assembly Divided
ConstituencyKuppam
In office
1978–1983
Preceded byConstituency Established
Succeeded byMedasani Venkatarma Naidu
ConstituencyChandragiri
Personal details
Born
Nara Chandrababu Naidu

(1950-04-20) 20 April 1950
Naravaripalle, Madras State, India
(now in Andhra Pradesh, India)
Political partyTelugu Desam Party (since 1983)
Other political
affiliations		Indian National Congress (1978–1983)
Spouse
Nara Bhuvaneswari
​
(m. 1981)​
ChildrenNara Lokesh (son)
RelativesSee Nandamuri–Nara family
Residence(s)Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
Alma materSri Venkateswara University[1]
Positions Held
  • 1975-1977: Local Youth President, INC.
  • 1978-83: Member of Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly - Chandragiri constituency
  • 1980-83: Cabinet Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
  • 1985–94:General Secretary of Telugu Desam Party
  • 1989–till Member of Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly - Kuppam constituency
  • 1994-95: Finance & Revenue Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
  • 1999-2004: Convener Of National Democratic Alliance
  • 1995-2004: Chief Minister Of United Andhra Pradesh
  • 1995-2014: President of Telugu Desam Party
  • 2004-2014:Leader of Opposition of United Andhra Pradesh
  • 2014-till: National President of Telugu Desam Party
  • 2014-19:First Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
  • 2019-till: 2nd Leader of Opposition of Andhra Pradesh

Nara Chandrababu Naidu (born 20 April 1950), also known as Chandrababu Naidu or CBN, is an Indian politician and the current Leader of Opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He also served as Chief Minister from 1995 to 2004 and as Opposition Leader from 2004 to 2014 of Andhra Pradesh. He is the National President of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP).[2] He suffered a major political set back in the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections where he won only 23 seats out of the total 175 seats.[3]

Chandrababu Naidu was one of the most recognised Chief Ministers in the country during his nine-and-a-half-year tenure from 1995 to 2004.[4] He was a strong supporter of liberalisation policies at the state level.[5] The western media hailed him as "one of the most promising local leaders not just in India but in the developing world."[6] Andhra Pradesh was the first state in India to receive a direct World Bank loan for economic restructuring.[7] Naidu was a regular participant at World Economic Forum meetings in Davos, Switzerland.[8]

He is credited with commissioning HITEC City, and Genome Valley in 1998 by the erstwhile combined Government of Andhra Pradesh, adjoining Cyberabad to the west of Hyderabad, propelling the information technology industry and enhancing modern infrastructure in Hyderabad, including the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport and the Indian School of Business (ISB).[9] Naidu's meetings with Bill Gates, the chairman of Microsoft, in New Delhi in 1997, followed by Gates' visit to Hyderabad in 2002,[10] and the visit of US President Bill Clinton in 2000,[11] played a significant role in enhancing his reputation.[12]

During his third term between 2014 and 2019, Naidu took up the ambitious project of building a capital city Amaravati for the bifurcated state.[13] Andhra Pradesh also became the number one state in Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Rankings during this period.[14]

Early life and education

Naidu was born on 20 April 1950[15] at Naravaripalle, Tirupati district in present-day Andhra Pradesh in an agricultural family to Nara Kharjura Naidu[16] and his wife Amanamma.[lower-alpha 1][17] He has a younger brother Nara Ramamurthy Naidu and two younger sisters.[18] Naidu has vitiligo, an autoimmune disease that causes white patches on the skin.[19]

Since his village had no school, Naidu attended primary school in Seshapuram up to class five and the Chandragiri Government High School up to class 10. He completed his B.A. degree in 1972 from Sri Venkateswara Arts College, Tirupati.[17][20] He did his master's degree in economics from Sri Venkateswara University.[21] In 1974, under the guidance of professor Dr. D. L. Narayana he started work on his Ph.D. on the topic of Economic ideas of Professor N. G. Ranga, but did not complete his Ph.D.[17]

Political career

Indian National Congress

Naidu started his political activities as a student' union leader in Sri Venkateswara University while pursuing his master's degree. In 1975, he joined Indian Youth Congress and became the president of its local chapter in Pulicherla. After the emergency was imposed on the country in 1975, he became a supporter of Sanjay Gandhi.[22]

With the help of N. G. Ranga, Naidu secured a candidacy from the Congress party, under its 20% quota for the youth, and became a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the Chandragiri constituency in 1978 assembly elections. He initially served as a director of Andhra Pradesh Small Scale Industries Development Corporation. Later, he was appointed as a minister in T. Anjaiah's government. Between 1980 and 1983, Naidu held various portfolios, including archives, cinematography, technical education, and minor irrigation in the state government.[23] He became the youngest MLA at the age of 28 and a minister at the age of 30 in Andhra Pradesh at that time.

As the cinematography minister, Naidu came in contact with N. T. Rama Rao, a popular film star in Telugu cinema. In September 1981, he married Bhuvaneswari, Rao's second daughter.[24]

Telugu Desam Party

In 1982, N. T. Rama Rao, also known as NTR, formed the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and swept the Andhra Pradesh assembly polls held in 1983. Chandrababu Naidu, who was his son-in-law, remained in the Congress Party and even dared to contest against his father-in-law. Naidu, however, was defeated by a TDP candidate in the elections from Chandragiri assembly constituency. Soon after, he joined the Telugu Desam Party. Initially, Naidu involved himself in the party work, organising training camps and computerising membership records.[25] He played an active role during the 1984 August crisis in the government triggered by Nadendla Bhaskara Rao's coup.[26] NTR appointed Naidu as general secretary of the TDP in 1986.[27]

Legislative career (1989–1995)

In the 1989 assembly election, Naidu contested from Kuppam constituency as a TDP candidate and won by 5,000 votes. INC, however, had regained power in the election so Naidu had to sit in the opposition.[21] Rama Rao appointed him as a coordinator of the TDP,[28] in which capacity he handled the party's role of the main opposition in the assembly which won him wide appreciation from both the party and the public. His role during this phase, both inside the Legislative Assembly and outside, was a critical factor for the subsequent success of the party.[21]

Naidu won the 1994 elections from Kuppam constituency. He became the Finance and Revenue Minister in N. T. Rama Rao's ministry.[21]

First term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1995–1999)

On 1 September 1995, Naidu, at the age of 45, was sworn in as the Chief Minister following a successful coup against the leadership of N.T. Rama Rao. [29] The internal rebellion was triggered by the controversial role of Lakshmi Parvathi, NTR's second wife, in the party and the government.[30] Naidu was able to secure the support of the majority of the legislators. Following this, NTR vowed to take revenge against Naidu. In an interview with Reuters, Rama Rao compared himself to Shah Jahan, a 17th-century Mughal emperor who was imprisoned by his son, and pledged to make a comeback.[31] However, NTR died in 1996. His second wife, Lakshmi Parvathi, along with other family members contested Naidu's claim to NTR's political legacy. Naidu, already in the saddle, firmly entrenched himself as the leader of the TDP and as Chief Minister.

Second term as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1999–2004)

Chandrababu naidu with factory workers in textile industry
Naidu speaking with workers in a textile factory

In the 1999 state legislature elections, Chandrababu Naidu led his party to victory, securing 180 out of 294 seats in the state assembly.[32] Additionally, the TDP won 29 out of 42 seats in the Parliament elections.The TDP's tally in Lok Sabha made it not only the biggest of the BJP's allies, but also the fourth largest party in the Lok Sabha.[33] These elections marked a critical juncture for Naidu, as they served as a significant test of his legitimacy both as the Chief Minister of the state and as the President of the TDP. Upon his return to power, the media hailed him as the first economic reformer to secure a strong electoral mandate.[34]

Assassination attempt

On 1 October 2003, Naidu survived a landmine blast by the People's War Group (PWG) near Alipiri tollgate in Tirupati.[35][36] The Chief Minister's convoy was attacked on his way to Tirumala to participate in the annual ritual of Brahmotsavam of Lord Venkateswara atop the seven hills. A total of 17 Claymore mines were planted, of which 9 exploded. Naidu was the first Chief Minister in the country to have been targeted by the ultra-left-wing Naxalites for assassination.[37] Naidu's escape with minor injuries was considered miraculous given the severity of the blast. The PWG claimed it attacked him for being a "World Bank agent."[38]

Role in National Politics

Chandrababu Naidu's involvement in national politics during this period (1996-2004) dominated by non-Congress coalition politics in Delhi is notable.[39] In the aftermath of the 1996 parliamentary elections, he assumed the role of convenor for the United Front, a coalition comprising 13 political parties that secured power at the centre. The coalition government was headed by H.D. Deve Gowda and later I.K. Gujral between 1996 and 1998. The United Front had its headquarters at Andhra Pradesh Bhavan in New Delhi.

Subsequently, Chandrababu Naidu's significance in national affairs amplified after the 1999 Lok Sabha elections.The TDP and the BJP, which had a pre-poll understanding in the state, together won 36 MPs out of 42.[40] The BJP emerged as the largest single party in the Lok Sabha. The TDP extended the support of 29 of its MPs to the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government headed by A.B.Vajpayee.[41] TDP did not join the government, extending only ‘issue-based support’.[42] Naidu claimed that though Vajpayee had offered eight cabinet berths to his party, the TDP stayed away from the union cabinet and offered external support to the NDA government.[43]

Leader of the Opposition (2004–2014)

Naidu, soon after the assassination attempt on him, dissolved the state assembly. Elections to the state were held along with the parliamentary polls in April 2004. The TDP government faced anti-incumbency fuelled by high power tariffs and the absence of support to the agricultural sector. Besides, the newly formed Congress(I)-TRS alliance posed a major challenge to the TDP popularity in Telangana.[44] The Telugu Desam Party was defeated in both the state and Lok Sabha elections. The Congress Party won 185 seats while the TDP ended up with 47 seats in the assembly, the lowest in the party's electoral history. TDP won only 5 seats out of 42 in Parliament. Naidu felt that the severe drought that gripped Andhra Pradesh the previous year as well as advancing the timing of the election were the major reasons for his ‘shock’ defeat.[45]

In the 2009 assembly and parliamentary elections, Naidu faced another challenge as popular actor Chiranjeevi formed Praja Rajyam party and turned the election into a three-cornered contest. The TDP, which formed an alliance with TRS this time, once again lost to the incumbent Congress Party. The TDP secured 92 seats in the assembly, whereas the Congress got 156 seats, a thin majority in the assembly. Chiranjeevi's Praja Rajyam won in 18 seats. Naidu blamed Chiranjeevi's entry into the political arena for his party's debacle.[46]

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (2014–2019)

After the bifurcation, elections were held in 2014 in the newly formed states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Naidu formed an alliance again with the BJP and Jana Sena Party and returned to power in the bifurcated Andhra Pradesh state, winning 102 seats out of 175 seats. The TDP also won 16 Lok Sabha seats. Naidu took oath as the first Chief Minister of the residuary state of Andhra Pradesh at Mangalagiri on the grounds of Acharya Nagarjuna University near Guntur.[47] His party joined the NDA government at the centre and held two portfolios in the union cabinet.[48] Two cabinet berths in the state were allocated to the BJP.

The Chief Minister faced a host of challenges in the new state. The newly born state of Andhra Pradesh was left without a capital city and was deprived of a major economic hub.[49] Naidu took up the construction of a new capital city, named Amaravati, on the southern side of river Krishna near Vijayawada.[50] During Naidu's term, the state achieved top ranking in the World Bank's Ease of Business rankings in the country since 2015. The state attracted mega companies like Kia Motors,[51] Isuzu Motors, Pepsi, Mondelez and Foxconn.

2015 cash-for-vote scam

Naidu's name figured in the cash-for-vote scandal which pertains to the alleged role of the TDP to buy votes in the 2015 Telangana Legislative Council elections. It started off when the TDP leaders of Telangana state were caught on video footage, aired in the media, allegedly offering bribes to a nominated MLA, Elvis Stephenson, for his vote in the 2015 Council elections.[52] Telangana Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) claimed that it was in possession of a recorded telephonic conversation that purportedly took place between Elvis Stephenson and TDP president N Chandrababu Naidu, who was then Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister.[53] Both the TRS (now BRS) and YSR Congress Party demanded that Naidu should be named in the case.[54] However, the ACB and later the Enforcement Directorate (ED), in their charge sheets, did not name Naidu as an accused in the case, as they did not find evidence to prove that the money was sent to Stevenson at the behest of Naidu.[55]

Special status dispute and break with BJP

In March 2018, the TDP withdrew its two ministers from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government over the issue of Andhra special category status (SCS).[56] The SCS had been promised by the previous Congress government on the floor of the Parliament during the passage of the AP Reorganisation Bill.[57] Subsequently, Naidu announced the TDP's departure from the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) due to the "injustice" inflicted upon Andhra Pradesh by the denial of SCS.[58]

In 2016, Naidu had previously agreed to the announcement made by the then Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley regarding a financial package for Andhra Pradesh instead of granting it special status.[59] In this backdrop, the decision of the ruling TDP to withdraw from the NDA was perceived as a political response to the mounting criticism from the Opposition regarding the non-fulfilment of the special category status.[60] Naidu further criticised the central government on the issue by staging a hunger strike, known as 'Dharma Porata Deeksha' (a day-long 'protest for justice'), in Delhi.[61] This event marked a significant deterioration in the relationship between the TDP and the BJP.

Alliance with the Congress Party

In an unexpected turn of events, the TDP forged an alliance with the Congress Party for the 2018 Telangana assembly elections. The alliance, consisting of the Congress, the TDP, and the Communist Party of India (CPI), formed the "Maha Kootami" (grand alliance) with the primary objective of defeating the TRS (now BRS) in the elections.[62] This marked the first time that the TDP, which had been founded on an anti-Congress platform in 1982, joined hands with the Congress party. During this period, Naidu was advocating for a non-BJP coalition comprising regional parties with the support of Congress to make a significant impact in the upcoming parliamentary elections.[63] This experiment faced a failure in the Telangana elections with K.Chandrashekar Rao's TRS winning by a big margin.[64] As a result, the TDP and the Congress subsequently parted ways for the 2019 Andhra Pradesh assembly elections.[65] The alliance with the Congress and its aftermath left a bitter outcome for Naidu, leading to a considerable erosion of his credibility due to the perceived flip-flop in alliances.[66]

2019 elections

In the 2019 assembly and parliamentary elections, the ruling TDP was decisively defeated by the YSR Congress Party led by Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy. The YSRCP achieved a landslide victory by securing 151 seats in the assembly out of 175, while the TDP could manage 23 seats.[67] In the Lok Sabha, the TDP won three seats, while the YSRCP secured the remaining 22 seats. Naidu is currently preparing for the upcoming elections in 2024, possibly in alliance with Pawan Kalyan's Jana Sena party.[68] There has been speculation suggesting that Naidu is also attempting to regain the confidence of the BJP.[69]

Corruption allegations and arrest

On 9 September 2023, Naidu was arrested by the Andhra Pradesh Crime Investigation Department (AP-CID), accused of misappropriation of public funds amounting to 371 crore INR. He was listed as accused number 37 in the case.[70][71] On 10 September 2023, he appeared at the ACB court and the court remanded him in custody for 14 days, for which he was moved to the Central Jail in Rajamahendravaram.[72][73] After being in judicial custody for 52 days, he was released on bail on 31 October 2023.[74]

Business career

Heritage Foods Limited (HFL), a dairy enterprise, was incorporated by Naidu in 1992. The company went public in 1994. The annual turnover of Heritage Foods stood at INR 26,429 million in the financial year 2021–22. Currently, Nara Bhuvaneswari, Naidu's wife, holds the position of vice-chairperson & managing director, while Nara Brahmani, Naidu's daughter-in-law, serves as the executive director. Heritage has hundreds of outlets throughout Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and a significant presence across many states in the country. Heritage has also a renewable energy vertical which runs captive solar & wind power plants at 11 different locations. HFL comprises a solid portion of Naidu's current assets.[75]

Non-political initiatives

Global Forum for Sustainable Transformation

Chandrababu Naidu serves as the chairman and director of the Global Forum for Sustainable Transformation (GFST), an organisation he established in March 2020 in Hyderabad. It is positioned as a global not-for-profit and apolitical think tank, with the aim of promoting sustainability in economies and communities. In June 2023, GFST hosted a seminar on 'Deep Technologies' in Hyderabad.[76] Among its projects is the development of Vision India@2047, aligning with India's 100th year of Independence. Naidu unveiled a vision document titled India@2047, authored by GFST, on 15 August 2023, in Visakhapatnam.[77]

NTR Trust

The NTR Memorial Trust was founded in 1997 by Chandrababu Naidu as a non-profit organisation. The Trust is involved in a variety of activities including initiatives like providing free education, offering blood transfusion facilities, conducting health camps, and supporting empowerment and livelihood programs. The Trust manages a blood bank and Thalassemia center in Hyderabad, as well as blood banks in Visakhapatnam and Tirupati. Additionally, it operates schools in Hyderabad and Challapalli (Krishna district), along with NTR Junior & Degree College for Women in Hyderabad. The Trust's day-to-day operations are overseen by Naidu's wife, Nara Bhuvaneswari, who serves as the managing trustee.

Bill Gates with Chandrababu Naidu in Visakhapatnam

Criticism

Naidu faced severe criticism from various quarters for his policies. Both the Congress and left parties vehemently opposed his privatisation initiatives, labelling him as a symbol of World Bank policies.[78] The power sector reforms implemented by him encountered strong resistance throughout the state.[79] Naidu attracted criticism for allegedly prioritising information technology over the agriculture sector, which was a vital source of livelihood for a significant portion of the state's workforce.[80] While the corporate industry hailed him as the "CEO of Andhra Pradesh Inc.," a substantial portion of the state's population perceived him as "anti-poor", which reflected in the loss of the 2004 elections.[81] Amaravati, the new capital city that he set out to build in his latest term, ran into rough weather over various controversies.[82]

Awards

Naidu has won a number of awards, including IT Indian of the Millennium from India Today, Business Person of the Year by The Economic Times, South Asian of the Year from Time Asia, Golden Peacock Award for leadership in Public Service & Economic Transformation,[83][84] and membership in the World Economic Forum's Dream Cabinet.[85][86] Naidu chaired the National IT Panel under the National Democratic Alliance (India) (NDA) government and was described as one of the "hidden seven" working wonders of the world by Profit (Oracle Corporation's monthly magazine).[87][88] Naidu was offered an honorary professorship by US business school, the Kellogg School of Management in 2000.[89] He was the Chairman of National Task Force on Micro-irrigation from Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture in 2003.[90][91] He was the head of 13-member Committee of Chief Ministers to promote digital payment systems and financial inclusion in India which was constituted by federal government in 2016.[92][93]

  • The then Governor of Illinois, Jim Edgar, created a Naidu day on 24 September 1998 in his honour.[94]
  • Voted IT Indian of the Millennium in a poll by India Today and 20:20 Media.[95]
  • He was named South Asian of the Year in 1999 by Time magazine, US[96]
  • In 2001, he was described as one of the hidden "Seven working wonders around the world", by Profit, a monthly magazine published by Oracle Corporation, US.[97]
  • Business Person of the Year by Economic Times.[98]
  • Golden Peacock Award for Leadership in Public Service & Economic Transformation - 2017[99]
  • Global Agriculture Policy Leadership Award by Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (ICFA).[100]
  • The Pune-based organisation, Bharatiya Chatra Sansad, in partnership with MIT School of Governance, honoured him with Aadarsh Mukhyamantri Puraskar (Model CM Award) in its 6th annual session on 30 January 2016.[101]
  • Transformative Chief Minister Award in May 2017 by US-India Business Council (USIBC) at West Coast Summit in the Silicon Valley.[102]

Notes

  1. ↑ The source also spelled the name as Amannama

References

  1. ↑ "N Chandrababu Naidu Time Line" NCBN.in
  2. ↑ MN, Samdani (27 May 2023). "Chandrababu Naidu re-elected as TDP chief". Times of India. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  3. ↑ "AP Election Results: YSR Congress storms to power in Andhra with landslide win". The Economic Times. 23 May 2019. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  4. ↑ Ravishankar, Sandhya (25 June 2015). "India's high-tech chief minister". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  5. ↑ G, Krishna Reddy (2–8 March 2002). "New Populism and Liberalisation: Regime Shift under Chandrababu Naidu in AP". Economic and Political Weekly. 37 (9): 871–883. JSTOR 4411814. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  6. ↑ Bradsher, Keith (27 December 2002). "A High-Tech Fix for One Corner of India". New York Times. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  7. ↑ "Andhra First State To Get Direct World Bank Loan". Business Standard. 8 April 1997. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  8. ↑ PTI (25 January 2003). "Naidu seeks MNC investment in AP". Rediff. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  9. ↑ Sridhar, Naga (17 December 2022). "How ISB at Hyderabad shaped up over a cup of tea". Hindu BusinessLine. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  10. ↑ "Gates visit a dream come true for Naidu". Silicon India. 15 November 2002. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  11. ↑ "Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu presents President Bill Clinton with traditional items of greeting". 24 March 2000.
  12. ↑ Herera, Sue (29 October 2003). "India's Hyderabad a high-tech haven". NBC News. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  13. ↑ TNN (1 April 2015). "Andhra's new capital named Amaravati, Naidu announces". Times of India.
  14. ↑ Economic Bureau, ENS (11 July 2018). "Ease of doing business: Andhra Pradesh tops ranking; Telangana and Haryana follow". Indian Express. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  15. ↑ "Naidu's birthday celebrated". The Hindu. 20 April 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  16. ↑ "Chipurupalli Polytechnic named after CM's father". The New Indian Express. 2 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
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  26. ↑ Menon, Amarnath K (15 September 1984). "Dismissal of NTR ministry planned, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao nurtured with care of an assassin". India Today. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
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  28. ↑ D. P., Satish (10 February 2019). "Can Shrewd Chandrababu Naidu, Who 'Hijacked' TDP from Father-in-law, Win Another 'Do or Die' Battle?". News18. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
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  30. ↑ Menon, Amarnath K (28 February 1995). "N.T. Rama Rao's wife Lakshmi Parvathi may follow Tamil Nadu CM J. Jayalalitha's path". India Today. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
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  36. ↑ S., Nagesh Kumar (24 October 2003). "A blast and its shock". Frontline. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  37. ↑ P.V., Ramana (11 October 2003). "Naxalites' audacious attack on Naidu-I". The Tribune. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  38. ↑ Nayak, Nihar (3 February 2022). "A War Against The People". Outlook. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  39. ↑ Gali, Nagaraja (13 October 2022). "How Chandrababu scuttled Mulayam's chances of becoming PM in 1996". The Federal. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  40. ↑ Shireen (8 October 1999). "Vajpayee urges TDP to join ministry". Rediff. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
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Bibliography

Further reading

Books

  • India's Glocal Leader, Tejaswini Pagadala[1]
  • Manasulo Maata, Sevanthi Nenon, An Autobiography of Chandrababu Naidu[2]
  • Nirantar Pragathi Ke Path Par Chandrababu Naidu (in Hindi), Dr. Inagati Lavanya[3]

Case studies

  • New Modern Economy Management in Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study of Sri Honorable Chief Minister N Chandra Babu Naidu by authors N. Sree Ramulu and Morusu Siva Sankar[4]
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