National districts or national raions (Russian: Национальные районы) were special raions (administrative units) of the Soviet Union from 1924 up until the 1940s, created to meet the needs of minority ethnic and cultural populations within republics. They were part of the larger policy of korenizatsiia, or "indigenization" pursued during this time.[1]

Background

The Soviet Russia that took over from the Russian Empire in 1917 was not a nation-state, nor was the Soviet leadership committed to turning their country into such a state. In the early Soviet period, even voluntary assimilation was actively discouraged, and the promotion of the national self-consciousness of the non-Russian populations was attempted. Each officially recognized ethnic minority, however small, was granted its own national territory where it enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy, national schools, and national elites.[2]

List

Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

For Poles in Belarus:[3]

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

For Greeks in Russia:[4]

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

For Bulgarians in Ukraine:[1]

For Germans in Ukraine:[1]

  • Luxemburg National German Raion (1924–1939), centered in Luxemburg (now Rozivka)

For Jews in Ukraine:[1]

  • Kalinindorf Jewish Raion (1927–1958), centered in Velyka Seideminukha (now Kalynivske, Kherson Oblast)
  • Novozlatopil National Jewish Raion (1929–?), centered in Novozlatopil
  • Stalindorf National Jewish Raion (1930–?), centered in various settlements over the course of its existence

For Poles in Ukraine:[5]

For Russians in Ukraine:[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "НАЦІОНАЛЬНЕ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНЕ БУДІВНИЦТВО В УСРР/УРСР 1924–1940". resource.history.org.ua. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  2. ↑ Martin, Terry (December 1998). "The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing". The Journal of Modern History. 70 (4): 813–861. Archived from the original on 2020-12-15.
  3. ↑ "ПОЛЬСКИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В БССР В 1930-е гг."
  4. ↑ "Репрессии в 1930-1950 гг. по отношению к грекам СССР". 5 May 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
  5. ↑ Kabachiy, Roman (29 May 2009). "Polish in Polissia". The Ukrainian Week.
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