| House of Normandy | |
|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) Arms of the Duchy of Normandy[nb 1] | |
| Country | France, England |
| Founded | 911; 1117 years ago |
| Founder | Rollo |
| Final ruler | Henry I of England or Matilda (disputed) |
| Titles | |
| Estate(s) | Normandy, England, Flanders |
| Dissolution | 1167 |
| Deposition | 1135 |
| Cadet branches | Illegitimate lines:
|
| |
The House of Normandy (Norman: Maison de Nouormandie [mɛ.zɔ̃ d̪e nɔʁ.mɛnde]) designates the noble family which originates from the Duchy of Normandy and whose members were counts of Rouen, dukes of Normandy, as well as kings of England following the Norman conquest of England. It lasted until Stephen of the French House of Blois seized the English throne and the Duchy of Normandy in 1135. The house emerged from the union between the Viking Rollo[1] (first ruler of Normandy) and Poppa of Bayeux,[2] a West Frankish noblewoman. William the Conqueror[3] and his heirs down through 1135 were members of this dynasty.
After that it was disputed between William's grandchildren, Matilda, whose husband Geoffrey[4] was the founder of the House of Plantagenet, and Stephen of the House of Blois (or Blesevin dynasty).[5]
The Norman counts of Rouen were:
- Rollo, 911–927
- William Longsword, 927–942
The Norman dukes of Normandy were:
- Richard I, 942–996 [6]
- Richard II, 996–1027 [7]
- Richard III, 1026–1027 [8]
- Robert I, 1027–1035 [9]
- William, 1035–1066 (became King of England as William the Conqueror)
The Norman monarchs of England and Normandy were:
- William the Conqueror, 1066–1087
- William II, 1087–1100 (not Duke of Normandy) [10]
- Robert II, 1087–1106 (not King of England) [11]
- Henry I, 1100–1135; 1106–1135 [12]
- William Adelin, 1120 (not King of England) [13]
- Matilda, 1135–1153[14]
- Stephen (non-agnatic; a member of the House of Blois), 1135–1154 [15]
Norman Count of Flanders:
- William Clito (r. 1127–1128), son of Robert Curthose, great-grandson of Baldwin V, designated by Louis VI of France[16]
Also important to note: Richard I had a daughter, Emma of Normandy, who was Queen Consort through her two marriages to Æthelred the Unready and Cnut the Great.
Family tree
Counts of Rouen and Dukes of Normandy shown in bold.
| Rollo First Norman count of Rouen 911–927 House of Normandy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| William 'Longsword' Second Norman count of Rouen 927–942 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Richard I 'the Fearless' First duke of Normandy 942–996 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Richard II 'the Good' Second duke of Normandy 996–1027 | Robert count of Évreux | Mauger ∞ Germain countess of Corbeil | Geoffrey count of Eu HOUSE OF CLARE | William I count of Eu EU | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Richard III Third duke of Normandy 1026–1027 | Robert I 'the Magnificent' Fourth Duke of Normandy 1027–35 | Richard count of Évreux | Ralph lord of Gacé | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nicolas of Normandy Abbot of Saint Ouen 1027–1092 | William II (King William I) 'the Conqueror' Fifth duke of Normandy 1035–87 King of England 1066–87 | William count of Évreux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert II 'Curthose' Sixth duke of Normandy 1087–1106 | Adela ∞ Stephen II, Count of Blois | Richard | William II 'Rufus' King of England 1087–1100 Ducal Regent 1096–1100 | Henry I 'Beauclerc' King of England 1100–35 Seventh duke of Normandy 1106–35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| William Clito Count of Flanders Ducal claimant | Stephen King of England 1135–54 Duke of Normandy 1135–44 HOUSE OF BLOIS | Henry V king of Germany HOUSE OF SALIANS | Matilda I Lady of the English | Geoffrey, Count of Anjou Ninth duke of Normandy 1144–50 HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET | William III Adelin Duke of Normandy 1120 in his father's lifetime | (illeg.) Robert I 1st earl of Gloucester | (illeg.) Richard of Lincoln | (illeg.) Reginald 1st earl of Cornwall | (illeg.) Robert FitzEdith ∞ Matilda d'Avranches baroness of Okehampton | (illeg.) Gilbert FitzRoy | (illeg.) Henry FitzRoy | (illeg.) Fulk FitzRoy monk at Abingdon? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry II Tenth duke of Normandy 1150–89 King of England 1154–89 | William FitzRobert 2nd earl of Gloucester | Roger bishop | (illeg.) Richard bishop of Bayeux | Meiler Fitzhenry Lord Chief Justice of Ireland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry 'the Young King' Duke of Normandy 1170–83 in his father's lifetime | Richard IV (King Richard I) 'Lionheart' Eleventh duke of Normandy & King of England 1189–99 | John 'Lackland' Twelfth duke of Normandy & King of England 1199–1216 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry III Thirteenth duke of Normandy 1216–59 (renounced at Treaty of Paris) King of England 1216–72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References and notes
- ↑ "Norman | people | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "Poppa". fasg.org. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ Ciara.Berry (12 January 2016). "Royal Archives". The Royal Family. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "Queen Matilda, Empress Maud and the Civil War with King Stephen". Historic UK. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ↑ "Your guide to the Anarchy, the bloody battle between Stephen and Matilda". HistoryExtra. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ McNair, Fraser (2015). "The politics of being Norman in the reign of Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy (r. 942–996)". Early Medieval Europe. 23 (3): 308–328. doi:10.1111/emed.12106. ISSN 1468-0254. S2CID 153508365.
- ↑ "Richard II | duke of Normandy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "Richard III | duke of Normandy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "Collections Online | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ Ciara.Berry (12 January 2016). "William II (Known as William Rufus) (r. 1087–1100)". The Royal Family. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "Collections Online | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ Ciara.Berry (12 January 2016). "Henry I 'Beauclerc' (r. 1100–1135)". The Royal Family. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "The lost prince whose death tipped England towards civil war". Royal Central. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ Matilda's inheritance was usurped by her cousin Stephen of England in 1135. She recovered Normandy, but ruled in England only in 1141 as Lady of the English. However, Matilda maintained her dynastic rights until she abdicated them in favour of her son Henry II of England in 1153 following the Treaty of Wallingford.
- ↑ "BBC – History – King Stephen". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ↑ "William Clito | count of Flanders | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
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