North Western Railway is the name of:

• North Western Railway zone, India
• "Little" North Western Railway (NWR), a British railway company from 1848 to 1879
• North Western Railway (fictional), the railway company featured in The Railway Series and Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends
• North Western State Railway - upon division of British India in year 1947 the major portion of it became Pakistan Railways and remaining portion in India became Eastern Punjab Railway.

North Western Railway may also refer to:

• Austrian Northwestern Railway, former railway company during the Austro-Hungarian monarchy
• Chicago & North Western Railway, a previous name of the Chicago & North Western Transportation Company, an American railway company from 1859 to 1995
• First North Western, former British passenger train company; originally known as North Western Trains
• London & North Western Railway, a British railway company from 1846 to 1922; ancestor of today's West Coast Main Line

London Northwestern Railway a modern train operating company partly using the above route

• North Western Railroad, a short-lived Pennsylvania short-line railroad in the 1850s