An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more. Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.

Systemic allergic diseases

Skin and mucous membrane diseases

Phacomatoses

Collagen diseases

Systemic viral infections

  1. Bwaka, Mpia A.; Bonnet, Marie-José; Calain, Philippe; Colebunders, Robert; De Roo, Ann; Guimard, Yves; Katwiki, Kasongo R.; Kibadi, Kapay; Kipasa, Mungala A. (1999-02-01). "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Clinical Observations in 103 Patients". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 179 (Supplement_1): S1–S7. doi:10.1086/514308. ISSN 0022-1899. PMID 9988155.
  2. Ikegami, Tetsuro; Makino, Shinji (2011-05-06). "The Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever". Viruses. 3 (5): 493–519. doi:10.3390/v3050493. PMC 3111045. PMID 21666766.
  3. "Dengue Eye Disease". The BMJ. 2017-07-06.
  4. Mehta, Salil; Jiandani, Prakash (September 2007). "Ocular features of hantavirus infection". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 55 (5): 378–380. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.33827. ISSN 0301-4738. PMC 2636028. PMID 17699950.

Systemic bacterial infections

Systemic protozoal infections

Systemic fungal infections

Systemic cestode and nematode infections

Chromosomal disorders and genetic syndromes

Hematologic diseases

Cardiovascular diseases

Endocrine diseases

Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders

Metabolic disorders

Musculoskeletal disease

Pulmonary diseases

Renal disease

Neoplastic diseases with ocular metastases

See also

References

  • Pavan-Langston, Deborah (1990). Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy. Little, Brown and Company.
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