This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
1950s
- 1951
- LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office'[1] was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co.
- 1955
- MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103[2][3]
- 1955
- 1956
- GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System
- 1957
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start)
- BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 704, later IBM 7090 and IBM 7094
- 1958
- University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090
- 1959
- SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O
1960s
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned)
- BBN Time-Sharing System
- GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor)
- 1963
- 1964
- Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940)
- Chippewa Operating System (for CDC 6600 supercomputer)
- Dartmouth Time Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers)
- EXEC 8 (UNIVAC)
- KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) – an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960)
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced)
- PDP-6 Monitor (DEC) descendant renamed TOPS-10 in 1970
- SCOPE (CDC 3000 series)
- 1965
- BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System)
- DECsys
- TOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System)
- Livermore Time Sharing System (LTSS)
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced)
- Pick operating system
- THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven) development
- TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA)
- 1966
- DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System)
- GEORGE 1 & 2 for ICT 1900 series
- MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system)
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped)
- RAX
- Remote Users of Shared Hardware (RUSH), a time-sharing system developed by Allen-Babcock for the 360/50
- SODA for Elwro's Odra 1204
- Universal Time-Sharing System (XDS Sigma series)
- 1967
- CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40
- CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS)
- Conversational Programming System (CPS), an IBM time-sharing system under OS/360
- Michigan Terminal System (MTS)[5] (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors)
- ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- OS/360 MVT
- ORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67)
- TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971)
- WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10)
- 1968
- Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM)
- CALL/360, an IBM time-sharing system for System/360
- THE multiprogramming system (Eindhoven University of Technology) publication
- TSS/8 (DEC for the PDP-8)
- VP/CSS
- 1969
- GEORGE 3 For ICL 1900 series
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October[6])
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)
- TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20)
- Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers)
- Xerox Operating System
1970s
- 1970
- DOS-11 (PDP-11)
- 1971
- 1972
- COS-300
- Data General RDOS
- Edos
- MUSIC/SP
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1)
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R1 (OS/VS2 SVS)
- PRIMOS (written in FORTRAN IV, that didn't have pointers, while later versions, around version 18, written in a version of PL/I, called PL/P)
- Virtual Machine/Basic System Extensions Program Product (BSEPP or VM/SE)
- Virtual Machine/System Extensions Program Product (SEPP or VM/BSE)
- Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS
- 1973
- 1974
- CP/M[7]
- DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974)
- MONECS
- Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) – Hewlett-Packard
- Hydra[8] – capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS)
- Sintran III
- 1975
- BS2000 V2.0 (First released version)
- COS-350[9]
- NOS (Control Data Corporation)
- Version 6 Unix
- 1976
- Cambridge CAP computer[10] – all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPL
- Cray Operating System
- FLEX[11]
- TOPS-20
- Tandem Nonstop OS v1
- 1977
- 1BSD
- KERNAL
- OASIS operating system
- OS68
- OS4000
- System Support Program (IBM System/34 and System/36)
- TRSDOS
- Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25)
- 1978
- 2BSD
- Apple DOS
- Control Program Facility (IBM System/38)
- Cray Time Sharing System (CTSS)
- DPCX (IBM)
- DPPX (IBM)
- HDOS
- KSOS[12] – secure OS design from Ford Aerospace
- KVM/370[13] – security retro-fit of IBM VM/370
- Lisp machine (CADR)
- MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE)
- PTDOS[14]
- TRIPOS
- UCSD p-System (First released version)
- 1979
- Atari DOS
- 3BSD
- Idris
- MP/M
- MVS/System Extensions R2 (MVS/SE2)
- NLTSS
- POS
- Sinclair BASIC
- Transaction Processing Facility (TPF) (IBM)
- UCLA Secure UNIX[15] – an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel
- UNIX/32V
- DOS/VSE
- Version 7 Unix
1980s
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- Commodore DOS
- LDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. – for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III)
- pSOS
- QNX
- Stratus VOS[18]
- Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7
- Ultrix
- Unix System III
- 1983
- Coherent
- DNIX
- EOS
- GNU (project start)
- Lisa Office System 7/7
- LOCUS[19] – UNIX compatible, high reliability, distributed OS
- MVS/System Product V2 (MVS/Extended Architecture, MVS/XA)
- Novell NetWare (S-Net)
- ProDOS
- STOP[20] – TCSEC A1-class, secure OS for SCOMP hardware
- SunOS 1.0
- VSE/System Package (VSE/SP) Version 1[21]
- 1984
- 1985
- AmigaOS
- Atari TOS
- DG/UX
- DOS Plus
- Graphics Environment Manager
- MIPS RISC/os
- Oberon – written in Oberon
- SunOS 2.0
- Version 8 Unix
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF)
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 1.01
- Xenix 2.0
- 1986
- 1987
- Arthur (much improved version came in 1989 under the name RISC OS)
- BS2000 V9.0
- IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version)
- MDOS
- MINIX 1.0
- OS/2 (1.0)
- PC-MOS/386
- Topaz[24] – semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected
- Windows 2.0
- 1988
- A/UX (Apple Computer)
- AOS/VS II (Data General)
- CP/M rebranded as DR-DOS
- Flex machine – tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS
- HeliOS 1.0
- KeyKOS – capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data
- LynxOS
- Mac OS (System 6)
- MVS/System Product V3 (MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture, MVS/ESA)
- OS/2 (1.1)
- OS/400
- RISC iX
- SpartaDOS X
- SunOS 4.0
- TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988)
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP)
- VAX VMM[25] – TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation)
- 1989
- Army Secure Operating System (ASOS)[26] – TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications
- EPOC (EPOC16)
- NeXTSTEP (1.0)
- OS/2 (1.2)
- RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989)
- SCO UNIX (Release 3)
- TSX-32
- Version 10 Unix
- Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)
1990s
- 1990
- AIX 3.0
- AmigaOS 2.0
- BeOS (v1)
- DOS/V
- Genera 8.0
- iS-DOS
- LOCK[27] – TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel & hardware support for type enforcement
- MVS/ESA SP Version 4
- Novell NetWare 3
- OS/2 1.3
- OSF/1
- PC/GEOS
- Windows 3.0
- Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA)
- VSE/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VSE/ESA) Version 1[28]
- 1991
- 1992
- 386BSD 0.1
- Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release)
- AmigaOS 3.0
- BSD/386, by BSDi and later known as BSD/OS.
- LGX
- OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992)
- OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version)
- Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities)
- RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992)
- SLS
- Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD)
- Windows 3.1
- 1993
- IBM 4690 Operating System
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- Novell NetWare 4
- Newton OS
- Open Genera 1.0
- OS/2 2.1
- PTS-DOS
- Slackware 1.0
- Spring
- Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release)
- 1994
- 1995
- Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX)
- OpenBSD
- OS/390
- Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.)
- Ultrix 4.5 (Last major release)
- Windows 95
- 1996
- AIX 4.2
- Debian 1.1
- JN[31] – microkernel OS for embedded, Java apps
- Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS)
- OS/2 Warp 4.0
- Palm OS
- RISC OS 3.6
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows CE 1.0
- 1997
- 1998
- DR-WebSpyder 2.0
- Junos
- Novell NetWare 5
- RT-11 5.7 (Last stable release, October 1998)
- Solaris 7 (first 64-bit Solaris release – names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7)
- Windows 98
- 1999
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
- Comparison of operating systems
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of real-time operating systems
- Timeline of DOS operating systems
- Timeline of Linux distributions (Diagram 1992–2010)
References
- ↑ Not Panicking Ltd (January 7, 2012). "h2g2 - Early Electronic Computers - Edited Entry". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ "LCS/AI Lab Timeline". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ Douglas Ross. 1986. A personal view of the personal work station: some firsts in the Fifties. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on The history of personal workstations (HPW '86), John R White and Kathi Anderson (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 19–48. DOI=10.1145/12178.12180
- ↑ "Early Operating Systems". Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ "Michigan Terminal System: Time Line". Clock.org. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
- ↑ "Multics History". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ "Digital Research home page". Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- ↑ Wulf, W.; Cohen, E.; Corwin, W.; Jones, A.; Levin, R.; Pierson, C.; Pollack, F. (June 1974). "HYDRA:The Kernel of a Multiprocessor Operating System" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 17 (6). doi:10.1145/355616.364017. S2CID 8011765. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
- ↑ "Time-Sharing Uses Emphasized For DEC Datasystem 350 Series". Computerworld. Computerworld, Inc. July 30, 1975. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
- ↑ Wilkes, M. V.; Needham, R. M. (January 1, 1979). Denning, Peter J. (ed.). The Cambridge CAP Computer and Its Operating System. Operating and Programming Systems Series. North Holland. Retrieved March 26, 2023 – via www.microsoft.com.
- ↑ Ian P. Blythe. "FLEX User Group - History". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ "SECURE MINICOMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM (KSOS)" (PDF). csrc.nist.gov. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
- ↑ Gold, B. D.; Linde, R. R; Cudney, P. F. "KVM/370 IN RETROSPECT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
- ↑ Stan Sokolow (ed.). "SOLUS NEWS" (PDF). Retrieved January 30, 2020.
- ↑ "CSDL | IEEE Computer Society". www.computer.org.
- ↑ Archived August 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Apollo/DOMAIN Computers". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ "Archived copy". ftp.stratus.com:80. Archived from the original on June 12, 2003. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑
- ↑ "FINAL EVALUATION REPORTM OFN SCOMP" (PDF). www.dtic.mil. 1965. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
- ↑ "NEW VSE SYSTEM IPO/E 1.4.0 AND VSE/SYSTEM PACKAGE 1.1.0". Announcement Letters. IBM. July 19, 1983. LTR 283-217. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
- ↑ Vinter, S. T. and Schantz, R. E. 1986. The Cronus distributed operating system. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Making Distributed Systems Work (Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 8–10, 1986). EW 2. ACM, New York, NY, 1-3.
- ↑ "Final evaluation report" (PDF). www.aesec.com. June 28, 1995. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
- ↑
- ↑ Paul A. Karger; Mary Ellen Zurko; Douglass W. Bonin; Andrew H. Mason; Clifford E. Kahn (November 1991). "A Retrospective on the VAX VMM Security Kernel" (PDF). IEEE Journal of Software Engineering. 17 (11): 1147–1165. doi:10.1109/32.106971. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 12, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
- ↑ Quarterly Status Report - Report #1 (PDF). Advance Computing Systems: An Advanced Reasoning-Based Paradigm for Ada Trusted Systems and its Application to MACH (Report). TRW - Federal Systems Group - Systems Division. March 15, 1989. AD-A206 308. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 2, 2021 – via Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC).
- ↑ "LOCK-An Historical Perspective" (PDF). Cyberdefenseagency.com. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
- ↑ "IBM VSE/ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE VERSION 1 RELEASE 1". Announcement Letters. IBM. December 18, 1990. LTR 290-785. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
- ↑ "A Brief History of RISC OS", Wakefield RISC OS Computer Club, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "EPL Entry CSC-EPL-92/001". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ↑ "JN: An Operating System for an Embedded Java Network Computer UCSC-CRL-96-29". Archived from the original on August 24, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
- ↑ various 1997 publications listed on the Nemesis website, retrieved 2013-08-13
- ↑ "Inferno Downloads", Vita Nuova Holdings, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Microsoft Releases Windows 2000 to Manufacturing", Microsoft News Center, December 15, 1999, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Plan 9 from Bell Labs Overview", Bell Labs, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ Balaban, Alexandre (2000), Test de MorphOS 0.1 (in French), retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)", Microsoft News Center, September 14, 2000, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "AmigaOS 3.9 release", Amiga History (UK), December 4, 2000, retrieved July 22, 2012
- ↑ Schmidt, Ralph (February 15, 2001), New MorphOS 0.4 Release, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ Project History, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Windows XP to Take the PC to New Heights", Microsoft News Center, August 24, 2001, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Microsoft Unveils Plans for 64-Bit Windows Platform". Microsoft.
- ↑ "Sanos". Jbox.dk. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
- ↑ "Plan 9 From Bell Labs Fourth Release Notes", Bell Labs, April 2002, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "What is the history of Syllable?", Frequently Asked Questions, archived from the original on January 7, 2011, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Jaguar "Unleashed" at 10:20 p.m. Tonight", Apple Inc., August 23, 2002, archived from the original on October 8, 2003, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Node, an operating system based on Java" (PDF). 2010.rmll.info. 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
- ↑ "Windows XP 64-bit Edition for Itanium systems, Version 2003 Press release", Microsoft News Center, March 28, 2003, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ Kernel.org archive, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ News digest August 2006, August 2006, retrieved November 19, 2011
- ↑ "Genode - Release notes for the Genode OS Framework 8.11". genode.org.
- ↑ Muen SK. "Muen | SK for x86/64". Muen.codelabs.ch. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
- ↑ "IBM z/OS Version 2 Release 2 Announcement Letter". July 28, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
- ↑ "IBM AIX 7.2 delivers the reliability, availability, performance, and security needed to be successful in the new global economy". 01.ibm.com. October 5, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
- ↑ "What's New in Oracle® Solaris 11.3". Docs.oracle.com. October 3, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
- ↑ "Genode - Genode News". genode.org.
External links
- UNIX History – a timeline of UNIX 1969 and its descendants at present
- Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present)
- Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s
- A brief history of operating systems
- Microsoft operating system time-line
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