Operation Nordwind was launched by German ground forces on 31 December 1944 against U.S. and French ground forces in the Rhineland-Palatinate and the Alsace and Lorraine regions of southwestern Germany and northeastern France as part of the European Theatre in World War II. It ended on 25 January 1945.

North of Strasbourg

South of Strasbourg (Colmar Pocket)

Notes

  1. ↑ Died of pneumonia approx. 5-1/2 months after the end of the war in Europe.
  2. ↑ Leclerc, the 2nd Armored's commander, refused to serve under de Lattre owing to the latter's having served under Pétain, whom Leclerc considered to be a collaborationist. [Beevor, p. 326]
  3. ↑ Served approx. 8 years for war crimes
  4. ↑ Later successfully led French forces against the Việt Minh in the First Indochina War.
  5. ↑ Killed in action 4 February.
  6. ↑ Committed suicide 4 May.
  7. ↑ Brutally suppressed the Warsaw uprising; died in prison 1972.

References

  1. ↑ Zaloga 2010, p. 20
  2. ↑ Zaloga 2010, p. 37
  3. ↑ Zaloga 2010, p. 36
  4. ↑ Zaloga 2010, p. 43
  5. ↑ Zaloga 2010, p. 36

Sources

Beevor, Antony (2015). Ardennes 1944: The Battle of the Bulge. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1431098-6-0.
Cirillo, Roger. The Ardennes-Alsace. The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-26.
Clarke, Jeffrey J.; Ross Smith, Robert (1993). Riviera to the Rhine. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
Engler, Richard (1999). The Final Crisis: Combat in Northern Alsace, January 1945. Aberjona Press. ISBN 978-0-9666389-1-2.
Zaloga, Steven (2010). Operation Nordwind 1945. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-683-5.
"US 44th Infantry Division - Nordwind". [ Battle History of the United States 44th Infantry Division, ETO 1944 - 1945]. Archived from the original on 2005-03-06.
14th Armored Division Combat History
The NORDWIND Offensive (January 1945) on the website of the 100th Infantry Division Association contains a list of German primary sources on the operation.
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