A stand-alone fingerprint scanner, such as one used at the entrance to a building

Fingerprint scanners are security systems of biometrics. They are used in police stations,[1] security industries, smartphones,[2] and other mobile devices.[3][4]

Fingerprints

People have patterns of friction ridges on their fingers, these patterns are called the fingerprints. Fingerprints are uniquely detailed, durable over an individual's lifetime, and difficult to alter.[5] Due to the unique combinations, fingerprints have become an ideal means of identification.[6]

Types of fingerprint scanners

There are four types of fingerprint scanners:[7] optical scanners, capacitance scanners, ultrasonic scanners, and thermal scanners. The basic function of every type of scanner is to obtain an image of a person's fingerprint and find a match for it in its database. The measure of the fingerprint image quality is in dots per inch (DPI).[8]

  1. Optical scanners take a visual image of the fingerprint using a digital camera.
  2. Capacitive or CMOS scanners use capacitors and thus electric current to form an image of the fingerprint. This type of scanner tends to excel in terms of precision.
  3. Ultrasonic fingerprint scanners use high frequency sound waves to penetrate the epidermal (outer) layer of the skin.
  4. Thermal scanners sense the temperature differences on the contact surface, in between fingerprint ridges and valleys.

All fingerprint scanners are susceptible to be fooled by a technique that involves photographing fingerprints, processing the photographs using special software, and printing fingerprint replicas using a 3D printer.[9]

Construction forms

Fingerprint scanner on a smartphone (lower left)

There are two construction forms: the stagnant and the moving fingerprint scanner.[10]

  • Stagnant: The finger must be dragged over the small scanning area. This is cheaper and less reliable than the moving form. Imaging can be less than ideal when the finger is not dragged over the scanning area at constant speed.
  • Moving: The finger lies on the scanning area while the scanner runs underneath. Because the scanner moves at constant speed over the fingerprint, imaging is superior.

Usage form

Fingerprint biometrics find applications in various fields and industries:

Law Enforcement: Fingerprints are commonly used for suspect and criminal identification.[11]

Military: Fingerprint identification helps determine military allies and enemies.[12]

Border Control: Fingerprint biometrics are vital for immigration and national security.[13]

Health Care: Biometric ID cards with fingerprints ensure the right person receives treatment.[14]

Facility Access Control: Companies use fingerprint biometrics to grant or deny access.[15]

Computer Systems: Fingerprint biometrics secure devices and grant access to specific users.[16]

Commercial Applications: Retail and financial institutions use fingerprint biometrics for identity verification.[17]


Stand-alone readers

Microsoft released a fingerprint reader in 2005.[18]

Integrated readers

From early 2000, some laptops with PC Card support can be equipped with readers; for example, Compaq Armada E500 can be optionally equipped by external fingerprint reader since 2000 - the reader module was released by Toshiba.[19] IBM produced laptops with integrated readers since 2004.[20] Apple's marketing name of electronic fingerprint recognition, known as Touch ID, was introduced in 2013 only for smartphones, and laptop option was released only in 2016. The implementation was delayed until 2013 just because the integrated with optical trackpad scanner were be patented by RIM (Blackberry) in 2004.[21]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fingerprint scanners.

References

  1. ↑ "Police - Fingerprinting | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  2. ↑ "iPhone's new fingerprint sensor knows you from Adam". NBC News. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  3. ↑ "The Best Tablets With Fingerprint Sensors: 2018 Edition". MyNextTablet. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  4. ↑ "Best laptops with a fingerprint scanner". Business Insider. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  5. ↑ Woodford, Chris (2008-06-17). "How do fingerprint scanners work". Explain that Stuff. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  6. ↑ "Are fingerprints determined by genetics?: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  7. ↑ Rouse, Margaret (March 2021). "Experts Agree: Face ID Is Not The Answer, In-Display Fingerprint Sensors Are". display. E3displays. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar; Houkan, Mohammad Talal; Taha, Mohammad Saleh; Cabibihan, John-John (August 2017). "Anti-spoofing device for biometric fingerprint scanners". 2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE. pp. 683–687. doi:10.1109/icma.2017.8015898. ISBN 978-1-5090-6758-9. S2CID 40404001. Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  9. ↑ Winder, Davey. "Hackers Claim 'Any' Smartphone Fingerprint Lock Can Be Broken In 20 Minutes". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  10. ↑ "What is a fingerprint scanner?". VERSUS. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  11. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  12. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  13. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  14. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  15. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  16. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  17. ↑ "The Power of Fingerprint Biometrics in Modern Security Reader". Hardwiz Solutions. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  18. ↑ Luepke, Lara. "Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer with Fingerprint Reader". CNET. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  19. ↑ Vaidya, Gopika. "CNN.com - Technology - Toshiba outfits laptops with fingerprint reader - November 22, 2000". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  20. ↑ "IBM Introducing Fingerprint Reader into Laptop | Security | TechNewsWorld". www.technewsworld.com. 4 October 2004. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
  21. ↑ Sacco, Al (2013-10-04). "Before Touch ID: BlackBerry Filed for Trackpad-Fingerprint-Scan Patent in '04". CIO. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
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