An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone or to support a damaged bone.[1] The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage.[2]Or the biodegradable metals in this category are magnesium-based [3]and iron-based alloys ,although recently zinc has also been investigated.[4] Currently, the uses of bioresorbable metals are as fracture fixation implants[5][6] [7] [8] Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants for the purpose of repairing a bone.[9][10] During the surgery of broken bones through internal fixation the bone fragments are first reduced into their normal alignment then they are held together with the help of internal fixators such as plates, screws, nails, pins and wires.[11][12]

Eponymous implants and their uses

  • Austin-Moore prosthesis for fracture of the neck of femur[13]
  • Baksi's prosthesis for elbow replacement[14]
  • Charnley prosthesis for total hip replacement[15]
  • Condylar blade plate for condylar fractures of femur[16]
  • Ender's nail for fixing intertrochanteric fracture[17]
  • Grosse-Kempf nail for tibial or femoral shaft fracture[18]
  • Hansson pin (or LIH for Lars Ingvar Hansson), a hook-pin used for fractures of the femoral neck[19]
  • Harrington rod for fixation of the spine[20]
  • Hartshill rectangle for fixation of the spine[21]
  • Insall Burstein prosthesis : for total knee replacement [22]
  • Richard N.W. Wohns interspinous implant and implantation instrument intended to be implanted between two adjacent dorsal spines[23]
  • Kirschner wire for fixation of small bones[24]
  • Kuntscher nail for fracture of the shaft of femur[25]
  • Luque rod : for fixation of the spine[26]
  • Moore's pin for fracture of the neck of femur
  • Neer's prosthesis for shoulder replacement[27]
  • Rush nail for diaphyseal fractures of a long bone[28]
  • Smith Peterson nail for fracture of the neck of femur
  • Smith Peterson nail with McLaughlin's plate for intertrochanteric fracture
  • Seidel nail for fracture of the shaft of humerus[29]
  • Souter's prosthesis for elbow replacement[30]
  • Steffee plate for fixation of the spine[31]
  • Steinmann pin for skeletal traction[32]
  • Swanson prosthesis for the replacement of joints of the fingers[33]
  • Talwalkar nail for fracture of radius and ulna[34]
  • Thompson prosthesis for fracture of the neck of femur[35]

Branded Systems

Waldemar Link DePuy Synthes Vast Ortho Stryker Smith & Nephew Biomet Orthofix Zimmer
Elective Total Hip Replacement Lubinus SP II Austin Moore

Bipolar

Thompson

 Exeter

Accolade
Hip hemiarthroplasty
Hip resurfacing Birmingham
Total Knee Replacement Gemini

Endo-Model

 Sigma

Attune

 Triathlon

Scorpio

 Journey

Legion

Genesis II

 Vanguard

VanguardXP

 NexGen

Persona

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty[36] Sled Oxford
Shoulder/Elbow/Ankle Replacement
Trauma Femoral Nail Expert LFN/RAFN/ALFN

PFNA

TFN

 PFNA

PFNA II

TFN

 Gamma nail[37] Intertan nail[38] ZNN System, NCB System
Tibial Nail Expert tibia nail Tibia Nail T2 tibia nail ZNN System, NCB System
External fixation Ilizarov Ring

Clamp

Trocar

 Hoffmann II Taylor spatial frame

Ilizarov JET-X

 TrueLok Hex

Galaxy
Locking Plates (LCP) 2.4mm Locking

2.7mm Locking

3.5mm Locking

4.5/5.0mm Locking
Angled Plates Angle Blade Plate

Condylat Plate

DHC, DCS

Jewett Nail Plate
Spine Anterior Cervical Plate

Monoaxial Screws

Polyaxial Screws

Cages

Mesh

Research progress

A surface engineering method was developed for biodegradable magnesium alloys to enhance orthopedic implants.[39]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Orthopedic Implants". Wordpress. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  2. ↑ "About Orthopedic Implants". Wordpress. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Saberi A, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Karamian E, Kasiri-Asgarani M, Ghomi H. Magnesium-graphene nano-platelet composites: Corrosion behavior, mechanical and biological properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2020 Apr 25;821:153379.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153379
  4. ↑ Kong, L.; Heydari, Z.; Lami, G.H.; Saberi, A.; Baltatu, M.S.; Vizureanu, P. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Research Status of Biodegradable Zinc Alloys and Composites for Biomedical Applications. Materials 2023, 16, 4797. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134797https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37445111/
  5. ↑ Liu J, Wang X, Saberi A, Heydari Z. The effect of Co-encapsulated GNPs-CNTs nanofillers on mechanical properties, degradation and antibacterial behavior of Mg-based composite. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2023 Feb 1;138:105601.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105601
  6. ↑ Zhao, J.; Haowei, M.; Saberi, A.; Heydari, Z.; Baltatu, M.S. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Encapsulated Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites to Improve Mechanical, Degradation and Antibacterial Performances for Biomedical Device Applications. Coatings 2022, 12, 1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101589
  7. ↑ Zhang, H.; Saberi, A.; Heydari, Z.; Baltatu, M.S. Bredigite-CNTs Reinforced Mg-Zn Bio-Composites to Enhance the Mechanical and Biological Properties for Biomedical Applications. Materials 2023, 16, 1681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041681 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36837310/
  8. ↑ Amirzade-Iranaq, M.T.; Omidi, M.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Saberi, A.; Abazari, S.; Teymouri, N.; Naeimi, F.; Sergi, C.; Ismail, A.F.; Sharif, S.; et al. MWCNTs-TiO2 Incorporated-Mg Composites to Improve the Mechanical, Corrosion and Biological Characteristics for Use in Biomedical Fields. Materials 2023, 16, 1919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051919
  9. ↑ "General Principles of Internal Fixation". E-Medicine. 2019-11-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ "Internal Fixation Definition". MedicineNet. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  11. ↑ "Types of Orthopedic Implants". gpcmedical. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  12. ↑ Lakatos, Ronald. "History of fracture treatment". Medscape. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  13. ↑ Stinchfield, Frank E.; Cooperman, Bernard; Shea, Cyril E. (1957). "Replacement of the Femoral Head by Judet or Austin Moore Prosthesis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 39-A (5): 1043–58. doi:10.2106/00004623-195739050-00005. PMID 13475404.
  14. ↑ Baksi, D. P.; Pal, A. K.; Chatterjee, N. D.; Baksi, Debadyuti (2008). "Prosthetic replacement of elbow in postburn bony ankylosis: Long-term results". International Orthopaedics. 33 (4): 1001–7. doi:10.1007/s00264-008-0595-y. PMC 2898993. PMID 18629497.
  15. ↑ Neumann, Lars; Freund, Knud Gade; Sørensen, K. Harry (1996). "Total Hip Arthroplasty with the Charnley Prosthesis in Patients Fifty-five Years Old and Less. Fifteen to Twenty-one-Year Results". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 78 (1): 73–9. doi:10.2106/00004623-199601000-00010. PMID 8550682. S2CID 30505982. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15.
  16. ↑ Kinast, C; Bolhofner, BR; Mast, JW; Ganz, R (1989). "Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. Results of treatment with the 95 degrees condylar blade-plate". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (238): 122–30. doi:10.1097/00003086-198901000-00019. PMID 2910593.
  17. ↑ Walters, Johan; Schepherd-Wilson, William; Lyons, Timothy; Close, Roger (1990). "Femoral shaft fractures treated by Ender nails using a trochanteric approach". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 72 (1): 14–8. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.72B1.2298773. PMID 2298773.
  18. ↑ Dodenhoff, R. M.; Dainton, J. N.; Hutchins, P. M. (1997). "Proximal Thigh Pain after Femoral Nailing: Causes and Treatment". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 79 (5): 738–41. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.79B5.7345. PMID 9331026.
  19. ↑ Carstensen JP, Noer HH (1998). "[Medial migration of a Hansson hook-pin after femoral neck fracture]". Ugeskr Laeger. 160 (36): 5200–1. PMID 9741281.
  20. ↑ McMaster, Michael J. (1991). "Luque rod instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comparative study with Harrington instrumentation". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 73 (6): 982–989. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.73B6.1955449. PMID 1955449. S2CID 368244.
  21. ↑ Dove, J (1986). "Internal fixation of the lumbar spine. The Hartshill rectangle". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 203 (203): 135–40. doi:10.1097/00003086-198602000-00016. PMID 3955975.
  22. ↑ Kocmond, JH; Delp, SL; Stern, SH (1995). "Stability and range of motion of Insall-Burstein condylar prostheses. A computer simulation study". The Journal of Arthroplasty. 10 (3): 383–8. doi:10.1016/s0883-5403(05)80189-5. PMID 7673919.
  23. ↑ "Interspinous Implant And Implantation Instrument". Freshpatents.com. Retrieved 2015-05-15.
  24. ↑ Franssen, BBJM. "Kischner Wire". Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  25. ↑ Harrold, A J (1982). "Kuntscher's nails for femoral fractures". BMJ. 285 (6353): 1446. doi:10.1136/bmj.285.6353.1446. PMC 1500600. PMID 6814595.
  26. ↑ McMaster, Michael J. (1991). "Luque rod instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A comparative study with Harrington instrumentation". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 73 (6): 982–989. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.73B6.1955449. PMID 1955449. S2CID 368244.
  27. ↑ Kenesi, C; Tallineau, C (1992). "Shoulder prosthesis". Chirurgie; Mémoires de l'Académie de Chirurgie. 118 (3): 166–9, discussion 169–70. PMID 1339724.
  28. ↑ Barry, M; Paterson, JM (2004). "A flexible intramedullary nails for fractures in children". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 86 (7): 947–53. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.86b7.15273. PMID 15446515.
  29. ↑ "Definition of Smith Pearson nail". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  30. ↑ Ikävalko, M.; Lehto, M. U. K.; Repo, A.; Kautiainen, H.; Hämäläinen, M. (2002). "The Souter-Strathclyde elbow arthroplasty". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 84 (1): 77–82. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.84B1.11848. PMID 11838445. S2CID 22255058.
  31. ↑ Temple, HT; Kruse, RW; Van Dam, BE (1994). "Lumbar and lumbosacral fusion using Steffee instrumentation". Spine. 19 (5): 537–41. doi:10.1097/00007632-199403000-00008. PMID 8184347.
  32. ↑ "Definition of Steinmann Pin". The Free Medical Dictionary. Farex.
  33. ↑ van Cappelle, Henk G. J.; Deutman, Robert; van Horn, Jim R. (2001). "Use of the Swanson Silicone Trapezium Implant for Treatment of Primary Osteoarthritis : Long-Term Results". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 83-A (7): 999–1004. doi:10.2106/00004623-200107000-00004. PMID 11451968. S2CID 8647605. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15.
  34. ↑ Talwalkar, AK; Talwalkar, OA (1967). "Treatment of simple fractures of radius and ulna with internal fixation without external support". Singapore Medical Journal. 8 (3): 160–6. PMID 5587806.
  35. ↑ Chan, RN; Hoskinson, J (1975). "Thompson prosthesis for fractured neck of femur. A comparison of surgical approaches". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 57 (4): 437–43. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.57B4.437. PMID 1194309.
  36. ↑ Borus T, Thornhill T (January 2008). "Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty". J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16 (1): 9–18. doi:10.5435/00124635-200801000-00003. PMID 18180388. S2CID 22536661.
  37. ↑ Halder, SC (1992). "The Gamma nail for peritrochanteric fractures". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 74 (3): 340–4. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.74B3.1587873. PMID 1587873. S2CID 10704640.
  38. ↑ "TRIGEN INTERTAN Intertrochanteric Antegrade Nail | Smith+Nephew - Corporate".
  39. ↑ Li, Yixuan; Zhao, Sheng; Li, Sirong; Ge, Yuxiang; Wang, Rongliang; Zheng, Liming; Xu, Jiankun; Sun, Minghui; Jiang, Qing; Zhang, Yifeng; Wei, Hui (2019). "Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants". Small. 15 (51): e1904486. doi:10.1002/smll.201904486. PMID 31755651. S2CID 208227027.
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