The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to childhood:
Children – biologically, a child (plural: children) is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. Some definitions include the unborn (termed fetus).[1] The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority. "Child" may also describe a relationship with a parent or authority figure, or signify group membership in a clan, tribe, or religion; it can also signify being strongly affected by a specific time, place, or circumstance, as in "a child of nature" or "a child of the Sixties."[2]
Child education
School
Stages
Children eating lunch at school in Penasco, New Mexico (1941)
Methods and theories
Instruction content and tools
Children reading at a school in Laos
Elsewhere
Preschool
Nursery playground in Bingley, England (2012)
Childcare
Extracurricular and informal
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Children doing crafts during an event promoting after-school activities at a youth center linked to Fort Novosel, Alabama
Growth and development
Stages of formative period
Aspects
Social development
- Social emotional development
- Attachment Theory
- Attachment in children
- Child directed speech
- Language development
- Language acquisition
- Speech acquisition
- Baby talk
- Babbling
- Baby sign language
- Vocabulary Development
- Mama and papa
- Errors in early word use
- Crib talk
- Stranger Anxiety
- Westermarck effect
- Private speech
- Peer group
- peer pressure
- Friendship
- Imaginary friend
- Child sexuality
- Puppy love
Personal care
Physical development and growth
- Development of the human body
First Steps, after Millet (1890), painting by Vincent van Goph depicts a young child learning to walk - Growth hormone
- Motor skill
- Gross motor skill
- Crawling (human)
- Fine motor skill
- Childhood development of fine motor skills
- Grasp
Intellectual and cognitive development
Complications and divergence
Innate
In life
Society and Law
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Inupiat Eskimo family in Alaska (1929)
Family and guardianship
Relations
Concepts
Legal rights, responsibilities and restrictions
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2000s era PEGI notice indicating that a Video game is unsuitable for children under the age of fifteen
Behaviour management
Child protection and welfare
Adoption form used in the United Kingdom or dependant territories (the approved stamp seems to have been added for artistic effect)
- Child and Youth Care
- Child benefit
- Child labour laws
- Child protection
- Parental leave
- Residential care
- Foster care
- Orphanage
- Social services
- UNICEF – the United Nations Children's Fund
- Welfare
Harm
Child abuse
Vulnerable situations and possible abuse
History of children in society
Engraving from the Roman Empire depicts children playing
- History of childhood
- History of children in the military
- History of early childhood care and education
- History of education
- History of the family
Specific times and places
- Childhood in Maya society
- Childhood in the Viking Age
- Childhood in medieval England
- Childhood in Scotland in the Middle Ages
- Childhood in early modern Scotland
- Stolen Generations
- Effect of World War I on children in the United States
- Children in the Holocaust
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children
Children's entertainment and leisure
Children's toys displayed in a window in Ultrecht (2017)
Media and literature
Toys and games
See also
References
- ↑ See Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 397 (6th ed. 2007), which's the first definition is "A fetus; an infant;...". See also ‘The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary: Complete Text Reproduced Micrographically’, Vol. I (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1971): 396, which defines it as: ‘The unborn or newly born human being; fetus, infant’.
- ↑ "American Heritage Dictionary". 2007-12-07. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29.
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