Palencia is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

Palencia may also refer to:

• Province of Palencia, a province in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain
• Palencia de Negrilla, a municipality of the province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain
• CF Palencia was a Spanish football team based in Palencia, Castile and León
• Palencia CF (I), founded in 1960 and dissolved in 1986, was a Spanish football club based in Palencia, Castile and León
• Palencia CF, founded in 2013 as CDR Atlético Palencia 1929, is a Spanish football club based in Palencia, Castile and León
• Palencia Baloncesto, a professional Basketball team based in Palencia, Castile and León
• University of Palencia was the first university of Spain
• Palencia Cathedral, a cathedral in Palencia, Castile and León
• Roman Catholic Diocese of Palencia, a diocese located in the city of Palencia in the Ecclesiastical province of Burgos, Spain
• Palencia (Spanish Congress Electoral District)
• Palencia, Guatemala, a municipality in the Guatemala department of Guatemala

People

• Alfonso de Palencia (1423-1492), a Castilian pre-Renaissance historiographer, lexicographer and humanist
• Benjamín Palencia (1894-1980), a Spanish surrealist and painter
• Francisco Palencia (1973-), a former Mexican football striker
• Brina Palencia (1984-), an American actress, voice actress, ADR director and singer
• Daniel Palencia (2000-), a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher