Papaver radicatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Papaveraceae
Genus: Papaver
Species:
P. radicatum
Binomial name
Papaver radicatum
Synonyms[1]
  • Papaver polare (Tolm.) Perfil.

Papaver radicatum is a species of poppy known by the common names Arctic poppy, rooted poppy, and yellow poppy. It is a flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae.

Distribution

Papaver radicatum is circumpolar in distribution and grows in arctic and alpine zones in Europe, North America, and Asia.[2][3]

Papaver radicatum grows at a latitude of 83°40'N on Kaffeklubben Island,[4] making it one of the northernmost plants in the world. It appears on the Coat of arms of Nunavut.

The plant is known for appearing in white and yellow colorations. The yellow variant is much more widely distributed, occurring out in the open, compared to the white flowers typically only found in more remote locations.[5]

Characteristics

Papaver radicatum has hair like structures covering the stem and sepals that are used to retain heat to act as insulation.[6] The plant also shows heliotropism where the flower grows to face the sunlight, and the petals reflect light towards the pistil.[5] The petals grow in a cup shape that are used to trap light and air inside to be used as warmth for the ovaries.[7]

Pollination

Bombus polaris is a known pollinator of this species.[8] Its pollinator impact is heaviest in early spring, decreasing as the year continues.[8] As the year ends, the fly population is known to be the major pollinator at that time.[8]

Taxonomy

The Flora of North America lists four subspecies:

  • Papaver radicatum subsp. alaskanum (Hultén) J. P. Anderson
  • Papaver radicatum subsp. kluanensis (D. Löve) D. F. Murray
  • Papaver radicatum subsp. polare Tolmatchew
  • Papaver radicatum subsp. radicatum

See also

References

  1. ↑ ITIS - Papaver polare (Tolm.) Perfil.
  2. ↑ "Arctic Poppy, (Papaver radicatum) Varanger peninsular, Northern Norway | UNEP/GRID-Arendal - Environmental Photo Library". www.grida.no. Archived from the original on 2012-06-02.
  3. ↑ "Papaver radicatum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  4. ↑ "Sagax Groenland 2007". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
  5. 1 2 Wind, Olaf; Christensen, Søren Brøgger; Mølgaard, Per (1998). "Colouring agents in yellow and white flowered papaver radicatum in Northern Greenland". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 26 (7): 771–779. doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(98)00031-3.
  6. ↑ Atkin, Owen K.; Villar, Rafael; Cummins, W. Raymond (1993). "The ability of several high arctic plant species to utilize nitrate nitrogen under field conditions". Oecologia. 96 (2): 239–245. doi:10.1007/bf00317737. PMID 28313420.
  7. ↑ "Reviewed work: Botany of the Living Plant., F. O. Bower". The New Phytologist. 18 (8): 259–261. 1919. JSTOR 2428079.
  8. 1 2 3 "packerpedia - Bio Arctic Bumblebee". packerpedia.wiki.packer.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
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