Great Indonesia Movement Party
Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya
General ChairmanPrabowo Subianto
Secretary-GeneralAhmad Muzani
Founded6 February 2008 (6 February 2008)
Split fromGolkar
HeadquartersJakarta
Youth wingTIDAR (Great Indonesia Bud)
Women's wingPIRA (Great Indonesia Women)
Muslim wingGEMIRA (Great Indonesia Muslim Movement)
Christian wingGEKIRA (Great Indonesia Christian Movement)
Hindu-Buddhist wingGEMA SADHANA (Sanatana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement)
Membership (2022)498,963[1]
IdeologyPancasila
Indonesian nationalism
Anti-communism[2]
National conservatism[3]
Right-wing populism[4][5][6][7]
Political positionRight-wing[8][9]
Before 2012:
Syncretic[10]
National affiliationOnward Indonesia Coalition
Advanced Indonesia Coalition
Ballot number2
DPR seats
78 / 575
DPRD I seats
288 / 2,232
DPRD II seats
1,970 / 17,340
Website
gerindra.id

The Gerindra Party (acronym for Gerakan Indonesia Raya, lit. 'Great Indonesia Movement') is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in Indonesia. With 78 seats, it is currently the third-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR). Formed in 2008, Gerindra serves as the political vehicle for former general Prabowo Subianto's presidential aspiration.

Gerindra first participated in the 2009 legislative election, securing 26 seats in the DPR. In the presidential election, Prabowo ran as the vice-presidential candidate for Megawati Soekarnoputri of PDI-P, but they were defeated by the incumbent president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Gerindra then became the opposition to the Yudhoyono administration.

Gerindra placed third in the 2014 legislative election, and Prabowo ran with Hatta Rajasa against Joko Widodo in the presidential election, but they lost. Gerindra once again became the opposition to Jokowi's administration, but it joined the government coalition after the 2019 presidential election.

History

After coming last in Golkar's presidential convention on 21 April 2004, Prabowo served as a member of Golkar's Advisory Board until his resignation on 12 July 2008. Gerindra was formed on 6 February 2008 at the suggestion of Prabowo's younger brother, Hashim Djojohadikusumo, who helped pay for party's prime-time TV advertising campaign.[11] Prabowo was appointed chairman of the party's Founding Board.

Gerindra's provincial level election teams were formed in February 2009. The party then claimed a membership of approximately 15 million, with its support base coming from across Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi.[12]

The party won 4.5% of the vote in the 2009 legislative election, and was awarded 26 seats in the People's Representative Council.[13]

The Reform Star Party (PBR) was merged into Gerindra in February 2011.[14]

In the national legislative election on 9 April 2014, the party's vote share jumped to 11.8%, making it the third-most popular party in Indonesia.[15] Gerindra almost trebled the number of seats it won from 26 seats in 2009 to 73 seats in 2014.

Following the death of Gerindra chairman Suhardi on 28 August 2014, Prabowo was appointed general chairman on 20 September 2014.[16]

Political identities

Ideology

The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.[17] As per Articles 5 and 7 of its constitution and bylaws (AD/ART), Gerindra is founded on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, while its identity is rooted in nationalism, populism, religion, and social justice.[18] In February 2019, the party's central board member Andre Rosiade described Gerindra as a "nationalist-religious" party.[19] Outsider views on the party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified Gerindra as a nationalist party,[20] while their international counterparts described it as a secular party with hard nationalist stance[21] or "militant nationalist" party.[22] Tom Power disagrees with labeling Gerindra as a secular party and categorizes it as a "inclusivist-nationalist" party, due to its perceived willingness to compromise on Islamic political agendas.[23] Its political leaning has been described as right-wing[9][24] or right-wing populist.[4][5][6]

Political positions

Gerindra follows a populist[7] and nationalist economic platform, targeting the lower middle class such as farmers and fishers, though its supporters in the 2014 general election were disproportionately urban dwellers.[25] In November 2019, Gerindra deputy chairman Fadli Zon said the party firmly rejects lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. Gerindra's Twitter account said the party supports early efforts to prevent LGBT in the community and schools, by involving religious leaders and health experts.[26]

Wing organizations

Gerindra's wing organizations include:

  • TIDAR (Tunas Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Bud)
  • PIRA (Perempuan Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Woman)
  • GEMIRA (Gerakan Muslim Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Muslim Movement)
  • GEKIRA (Gerakan Kristiani Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Christian Movement); formerly named KIRA (Kristen Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Christians).
  • GEMA SADHANA (Gerakan Masyarakat Sanathana Dharma Nusantara, Sanathana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement); for Hindus and Buddhists.
  • PETIR (Persatuan Tionghoa Indonesia Raya, Great Indonesia Chinese Association)

Election results

Legislative election results

Election Ballot number Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Party leader
2009 5
26 / 560
 4,642,795 4.46%[27] Increase26 seats, Opposition Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair)
Suhardi (General chair)
2014 6
73 / 560
 14,760,371 11.81%[28] Increase47 seats, Opposition Prabowo Subianto (Founding board chair)
Suhardi (General chair)
2019 2
78 / 575
 17,594,839 12.57%[29] Increase5 seats, Opposition (until 2019)
Governing Coalition (after 2019)		 Prabowo Subianto
2024 2 Prabowo Subianto

Presidential election results

Election Ballot number Pres. candidate Running mate 1st round
(Total votes)		 Share of votes Outcome 2nd round
(Total votes)		 Share of votes Outcome
2009 1 Megawati Sukarnoputri Prabowo Subianto 32,548,105 26.79% Lost
2014 1 Prabowo Subianto[30] Hatta Rajasa 62,576,444 46.85% Lost
2019 02 Prabowo Subianto Sandiaga Uno 68,650,239 44.50% Lost
2024 02 Prabowo Subianto Gibran Rakabuming Raka

Note: Bold text suggests the party's member, or a former member who was still active in the party by the time of his nomination.

References

  1. ↑ "Info Pemilu - Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya". Komisi Pemilihan Umum RI. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  2. ↑ "Former Indonesian dictator's son builds momentum towards 2019 election". Asian Correspondent. 11 March 2017. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  3. ↑ Lee, Doreen (2016). Activist Archives: Youth Culture and the Political Past in Indonesia. Duke University Press.
  4. 1 2 Santoso 2009: "Today, another highly spirited right-wing populist political party has emerged. Its name, Gerindra, Gerakan Indonesia Raya, the Greater Indonesia Movement, signifies its fervour for revitalising the greatness of the nation."
  5. 1 2 van Klinken 2009, p. 157
  6. 1 2 Yilmaz & Shukri 2023, p. 143: "Subianto, a former general of the army and former son-in-law of Suharto, left his Golkar Party to form the Gerindra, a right-wing populist party."
  7. 1 2 Anugrah, Iqra (15 April 2020). "The Illiberal Turn in Indonesian Democracy". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 18 (8 #1). 5385.
  8. ↑ Bourchier 2015, p. 254.
  9. 1 2 Kwok 2017: "Agus is backed by his father's centrist Democratic Party, while Anies is backed by the right-wing Gerindra Party of Prabowo Subianto — Jokowi's main rival in the 2014 presidential election."
  10. ↑ Reception Analysis of Beginner Voter toward the Political Party Advertising of the Winning in the Election 2014. January 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  11. ↑ "Prabowo nominated as presidential candidate by Gerindra Party". Jakarta Post. 14 July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  12. ↑ Demopoulos, Katherine (Mar 31, 2009). "Indonesia's dark-horse candidate". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ↑ "KPU Ubah Perolehan Kursi Parpol di DPR (KPU Changes Allocations of Parties' seats in the DPR)". Indonesian General Election Commission (in Indonesian). 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  14. ↑ "PBR Gabung ke Gerindra" [PBR merged into Gerindra]. Detik (in Indonesian). February 18, 2011. Archived from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  15. ↑ "KPU Successfully Set and Authorize Pileg Results On Time". indonesiaelectionportal.org. May 10, 2014. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  16. ↑ Rafie, Barratut Taqiyyah, ed. (21 September 2014). "Prabowo replaces Suhardi as Gerindra chairman". Kontan.co.id. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  17. ↑ Saifulloh 2016, pp. 178: "Akan tetapi, dalam Undang-Undang No.2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Partai Politik kembali dipertegas bahwa asas dan ciri partai politik merupakan penjabaran dari Pancasila dan UUD 1945." Translation: In Law No. 2 of 2008 on Political Parties, it is emphasized that the principles and characteristics of political parties derive from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.
  18. ↑ Gerindra 2020, p. 13
  19. ↑ Kuswandi 2019: "Kalau Gerindra ini partai nasionalis religius, partai yang paling lengkap kebhinekaan-nya." Translation: Gerindra is a nationalist-religious party, the most complete in its diversity.
  20. ↑ Lee & Paath 2019: "So-called nationalist parties such as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Prabowo Subianto's political machine the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Golkar Party, National Democratic Party (NasDem) and the Democratic Party are still the dominant forces in Indonesian politics."
  21. ↑ Bulkin 2013: "It is a secular party whose chief ideology appears to be fierce nationalism and defense of the unitary state."
  22. ↑ Bourchier 2015, p. 259: "Gerindra (Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya), Greater Indonesia Movement Party; a militant nationalist party formed in 2008."
  23. ↑ Power 2014: Gerindra is listed as "Inclusivist-Nationalist (Centrist)" in the table.
    "Coupled with Prabowo's willingness to adopt a more 'Islamic' tone in his campaign, it seems there is sufficient evidence to doubt Gerindra's commitment to a 'secular' agenda. For these reasons, Gerindra cannot be included in the 'secular-nationalist' camp."
  24. ↑ Meakem 2024: "Prabowo, who previously lost the presidency to Jokowi, belongs to the right-wing Gerindra Party and was a military officer under Suharto."
  25. ↑ Saiful Mujani; R. William Liddle; Kuskridho Ambardi (26 February 2018). Voting Behaviour in Indonesia since Democratization: Critical Democrats. Cambridge University Press. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-1-108-42179-9. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  26. ↑ Ibrahim, Gibran Maulana (29 November 2019). "Fadli Zon: Gerindra Jelas Tolak LGBT". detikcom. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  27. ↑ "Bab V - Hasil Pemilu - KPU" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  28. ↑ "KPU sahkan hasil pemilu, PDIP nomor satu" (in Indonesian). BBC. 10 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  29. ↑ Zunita Putri (21 May 2019). "KPU Tetapkan Hasil Pileg 2019: PDIP Juara, Disusul Gerindra-Golkar". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  30. ↑ Wardah, Fathiyah (19 May 2014). "6 Parpol Dukung Pasangan Prabowo-Hatta dalam Pilpres". Voice of America Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2018.

Sources

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