Penetanguishene
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Penetanguishene
Ville de Penetanguishene (French)
Town docks on Penetanguishene Bay.
Town docks on Penetanguishene Bay.
Penetanguishene is located in Simcoe County
Penetanguishene
Penetanguishene
Penetanguishene is located in Southern Ontario
Penetanguishene
Penetanguishene
Coordinates: 44°46′N 79°56′W / 44.767°N 79.933°W / 44.767; -79.933
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
CountySimcoe
IncorporatedFebruary 22, 1882
Government
 • MayorDouglas Rawson
 • MPsBruce Stanton
 • MPPsJill Dunlop
Area
[1]
 • Land25.58 km2 (9.88 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total8,962
 • Density350.3/km2 (907/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Forward sortation area
L9M
Area code705
Websitewww.penetanguishene.ca

Penetanguishene (/pɛnɪˈtæŋɡwɪʃiːn/ ⓘ, sometimes shortened to Penetang) is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the southeasterly tip of Georgian Bay. Incorporated on February 22, 1882, this bilingual (French and English) community has a population of 8,962 in the Canada 2016 Census.

The name Penetanguishene is believed to come from either the Wyandot[3] or Abenaki via Ojibwe,[4] meaning "land of the white rolling sands".

History

As early as AD 800, the Wyandot people settled in semi-permanent villages in the area. The young French translator, Étienne Brûlé, was the first European to set foot in the Penetanguishene area, some time between 1610 and 1614. He was murdered in 1633 in Toanche, just across the bay from the modern town of Penetanguishene.

In 1793, John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, visited the area and saw the location's potential as a Royal Navy naval base. He wanted to use the bay to shelter warships to protect Upper Canada, which had coasts on lakes Huron, Erie and Michigan opposite the Northwest Territory and New York State of the United States of America, from American military aggression and territorial expansion.

The Penetanguishene Naval Yard was built by the Royal Navy in 1813. In 1814, the Penetanguishene Road was constructed to provide the Yard a land route to British military supply depots on Kempenfelt Bay, Lake Simcoe (where Barrie, Ontario is today) as the Yard was previously accessible only by water.

In 1817, naval units from Michilimackinac and Schooner Town (near modern-day Wasaga Beach) were consolidated at the Penetanguishene Naval Yard. But, because Treaty of Ghent limitations with the U.S. limited both countries' naval power on the Great Lakes, two British armed topsail schooners, HMS Tecumseth and HMS Newash were laid up "in ordinary", and eventually reported to have sunk at their moorings in the harbour in 1828. Some other small craft were headquartered in Penetanguishene for the exploration and mapping of the Great Lakes' coastline overseen by Lieutenant Henry Wolsey Bayfield.

In 1828, the main British military establishment on the Upper Lakes moved from Drummond Island to Penetanguishene. Families of fur traders who had moved with the British from Michilimackinac to Drummond Island after the War of 1812, moved again to Penetanguishene. They settled in the town and the surrounding area. Although the naval base was closed in 1834, the military base remained until 1856. Some of the troops settled in the area after their service was complete providing an English-speaking population.

In the 1840s, French-speaking families from Canada East (mainly from the area immediately east of Montreal), attracted by promises of cheap and fertile land, joined the French-speaking Drummond Island settlers already in the area. Later, as the logging industry began to develop, more English-speaking settlers arrived. Penetanguishene became the local market and meeting place for these individuals. Many of Penetanguishene's families today are descended from the Québécois settlers who arrived in the 1800s, giving the town a marked bilingual nature.

Economy

Penetanguishene historically had several light industrial businesses mainly dealing with plastic and aluminum containers. CCL which makes aluminum containers closed its Penetang factory in June 2017.[5] It is host to the Central North Correctional Centre. In addition there is the Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care which includes a high security forensic psychiatric unit for people declared to be not criminally responsible for dangerous offences but considered unsafe to be allowed in the community.[6]

Ice scoots in a race at the Penatang Winterama, 1959

Tourism occupies a considerable portion of the economy with five marinas and shops and restaurants catering to the tourist trade. In the winter, snowmobiling and ice fishing is popular as well as the annual Winterama festival, (Ontario’s longest running winter carnival which started in 1948).

Tourism and sights

Built in 1836, St. James on-the-Lines is a historic Anglican garrison church in Penetanguishene.

The historic naval and military base (now called Discovery Harbour) near Penetanguishene is open to visitors. There are reconstructed buildings from the historic Penetanguishene Naval Yard and two replica sailing ships from the 1812 period, HMS Bee and HMS Tecumseth (c. 1994). The ships no longer sail with passengers but they may be visited in the harbour. The original HMS Tecumseth was raised in 1953 and preserved at a nearby display area.

The King's Wharf Theatre located at Discovery Harbour has a programme of popular plays and musicals every summer.

There are two notable and historic churches located in Penetanguishene. The oldest is St. James on-the-Lines, a small wooden Anglican church built in 1836 to serve the military garrison and civilian population. The most prominent is the large limestone Roman Catholic church named St. Anne's. Originally named "Ste-Anne's Jesuit Memorial Church: Canadian National Shrine", it is sometimes referred to today as the "Cathedral of the North". The Church was constructed between 1886 and 1902 by pastor Théophile François Laboureau. Laboureau secured major funding for the church from the Bishops of Rouen and Normandy in France as well as the governments of England, France and the United States.[7] As it serves a bilingual Catholic community, services are held in both French and English.[8]

Education

Penetanguishene has five different school boards within its limits — the publicly funded English board (Simcoe County District School Board), which runs James Keating Elementary School; the French Catholic School Board Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud, which operates École élémentaire catholique Saint-Louis; the Public French School Board, the Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the English Catholic School Board. The town is also home to the province's last remaining Protestant Separate school board, Penetanguishene Protestant Separate School Board.

From 1995 to 2001, the town was home to a satellite campus of the defunct francophone Collège des Grands-Lacs.[9]

Sports

Penetanguishene is home to the Penetang Kings of the Provincial Junior Hockey League. They are in the Carruthers division in the Ontario Hockey Association.

Demographics

Penetanguishene Historic populations
YearPop.±%
20018,316—    
20069,354+12.5%
20119,111−2.6%
20168,962−1.6%
[1][2]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Penetanguishene had a population of 10,077 living in 3,976 of its 4,357 total private dwellings, a change of 12.4% from its 2016 population of 8,962. With a land area of 25.42 km2 (9.81 sq mi), it had a population density of 396.4/km2 (1,026.7/sq mi) in 2021.[10]

Canada census – Penetanguishene community profile
202120162011
Population10,077 (+12.4% from 2016)8,962 (-1.6% from 2011)9,111 (-2.6% from 2006)
Land area25.42 km2 (9.81 sq mi)25.58 km2 (9.88 sq mi)25.57 km2 (9.87 sq mi)
Population density396.4/km2 (1,027/sq mi)350.3/km2 (907/sq mi)356.4/km2 (923/sq mi)
Median age52 (M: 48, F: 56)49.9 (M: 46.7, F: 51.9)
Private dwellings3,980 (total)  3,990 (total)  3,923 (total) 
Median household income$59,738
References: 2021[11] 2016[12] 2011[13] earlier[14][15]

Media

The town is home to a francophone community radio station, CFRH-FM (Vague FM), but is otherwise served by media based in the neighbouring town of Midland.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Penetanguishene census profile". 2011 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
  2. 1 2 "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Penetanguishene". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
  3. ↑ "Education Day: Canadian Aboriginal Festival. November 25, 2005. Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario" (PDF). Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  4. ↑ Osborne, A. C. "Old Penetanguishene: Sketches of its Pioneer, Naval and Military Days" in Pioneer Papers, No. 5. Simcoe County Pioneer and Historical Society (Barrie, ON: 1912).
  5. ↑ "Working at CCL Industries: Employee Reviews | Indeed.com". Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  6. ↑ "Penetanguishene Town website - Business Directory". Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  7. ↑ St. Anne's of Penetanguishene: Huronia's First Mission by David Dupuis
  8. ↑ "Penetanguishene - Attractions". Town of Penetanguishene. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  9. ↑ "New college goes hi-tech". Windsor Star, August 28, 1995.
  10. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  11. ↑ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  12. ↑ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
  13. ↑ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
  14. ↑ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  15. ↑ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
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