Impetigore
Indonesian theatrical release poster
IndonesianPerempuan Tanah Jahanam
Directed byJoko Anwar
Written byJoko Anwar
Produced by
  • Shanty Harmayn
  • Tia Hasibuan
  • Aoura Lovenson Chandra
  • Ben Soebiakto [1]
Starring
CinematographyIcal Tanjung
Edited byDinda Amanda
Music by
  • Bembi Gusti
  • Mian Tiara
  • Tony Merle
  • Aghi Narottama
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release date
  • 17 October 2019 (2019-10-17)
Running time
107 minutes[1]
CountriesIndonesia
United States
South Korea
Languages
Budget<$1 million[2]
Box officeDomestic: Rp 71.8 billion[3]
($5.13 million) International: $10,717[4]

Impetigore (Indonesian: Perempuan Tanah Jahanam, lit. 'Woman of the damned land') is a 2019 horror film written and directed by Joko Anwar. The film stars Tara Basro, Marissa Anita, Christine Hakim, Asmara Abigail, and Ario Bayu. The film follows Maya (Basro), who travels with her friend Dini (Anita) to her remote ancestral village seeking an inheritance.

Almost a decade in development, the film was announced in 2011 but was shelved. Seven years later, Impetigore was secured as an international co-production between Indonesian, South Korean and American production houses. Filming took place on location at various sites in East Java, facing challenges due to the remoteness of the main village location and Anwar being hospitalised with dengue fever.

Impetigore premiered in Indonesia on 17 October 2019 and internationally at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival. It was later acquired by Shudder for international streaming. The film was a box office success in Indonesia and received favourable reviews internationally, with critics praising its cinematography, sound design and use of Indonesian folklore. It was selected as the Indonesian official entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, but was not nominated. At the 40th Citra Awards, Indonesia's top film honours, the film received a record-breaking 17 nominations and won 6, including Best Picture, a second Best Director for Anwar, and a third supporting actress and ninth overall win for screen veteran Christine Hakim.

Plot

Best friends Maya and Dini work as tollbooth collectors in Jakarta. On a night shift, Maya is attacked by a man wielding a golok, who says he is from a village called Harjosari and calls Maya "Rahayu". Maya narrowly avoids being killed before the attacker is shot dead by police. Later, Maya shows Dini an old photograph given by her aunt, who has raised her in the city since her parents' mysterious deaths. The photograph shows a young Maya, who is identified as Rahayu, with her deceased parents Donowongso and Shinta, in front of a large house. Maya and Dini travel to the remote Harjosari village to look for the house in the hope of selling it as inheritance.

Posing as student researchers in Harjosari, the pair find the long-abandoned house and encounter cold, suspicious villagers. They witness daily funerals for children taking place and observe that many headstones in the cemetery belong to newborns. Dini is lured away by villagers, who slit her throat and flay her, mistaking her for Rahayu. While looking for Dini that evening, Maya spies village chief and dalang Saptadi attending the birth of a skinless baby, whom he proceeds to drown. A sympathetic villager Ratih tells her that 20 years ago, Donowongso, a rich dalang, made a pact with the devil and murdered three girls to heal his daughter Rahayu, who was born without skin. Since then, all babies in the village have been born skinless.

The ghost of one of the girls reveals to Maya that, to end the curse, she must bury the slain girls' skin, which had been made into wayang kulit puppets by Donowongso. The ghost also reveals that Maya was born out of the extramarital relations between Shinta and Saptadi. Disapproving of the affair, Saptadi's dukun mother Misni jinxed Saptadi to forget Shinta, and cursed Maya, who was named Rahayu at birth, to be born skinless. Donowongso then sacrificed three girls to cure Rahayu's skin and, in doing so, cursed the entire village. Saptadi then killed Donowongso, Shinta, and a group of wayang musicians during a performance in front of all the villagers, and framed Donowongso for the massacre. Misni then convinced the villagers that the curse can only be undone by flaying Rahayu and making puppets out of her skin. Rahayu was evacuated by her 'aunt', who in fact was one of Donowongso's servants, and renamed Maya to conceal her identity.

Maya and Ratih bury the puppets made from the three girls' skin and their spirits are pacified. Misni arrives with the villagers and they capture Maya. Maya appeals to Saptadi by telling him the truth, and Misni reveals that Saptadi was born out of her own extramarital affair with Donowongso's father, making him Donowongso's half-brother. As Misni moves to flay Maya, a remorseful Saptadi takes her hand to slit his throat instead. Horrified, Misni slits her own throat to join her son. As a healthy baby is finally born in the village, Maya escapes.

One year later, a villager suffers a violent miscarriage and it is shown that Misni's ghost has extracted the fetus and devoured it.

Cast

Tara Basro
Christine Hakim

Cast adapted from RogerEbert.com.[5]

Production

Development

Wayang kulit, Indonesian traditional shadow puppetry, and dalang (puppeteers) are a central part of Impetigore.

Director and writer Joko Anwar described the film's concept as originating from a story his older brother had told him as a child; that the leather for Indonesian shadow puppets came from human skin. To form the concept for the film, he combined this with the idea of a strong but intimidating maternal character inspired by his own mother, and various Indonesian social and political issues.[6] On the inclusion of Indonesian folklore elements, Anwar said "It's not a choice, it comes naturally. I grew up reading and being told about this type of folklore all the time. It's even taught in schoolbooks in Indonesia".[7]

In 2011, a poster and Twitter account were made to promote the film, which was set to be produced by Lifelike Pictures, but the project was cancelled.[8][9][10] Anwar also said difficulties finding a filming location that matched the script and a lack of budget led to the project being shelved.[2] He later said he "kept fixing the story each year while at the same time also searching for the right partner to make this film".[11]

The project was revived seven years later, when Ivanhoe Pictures announced a three-film collaboration with Anwar which includes Impetigore, Ghost in the Cell, and The Vow.[12] The film was an international co-production between Indonesia's Rapi Films and BASE Entertainment, South Korea's CJ Entertainment and American company Ivanhoe Pictures.[1] CJ Entertainment had previously had major international success with Crazy Rich Asians (2018), and intended to increase their presence in Southeast Asia.[13] Anwar announced on Instagram that the film would be called Perempuan Tanah Jahanam on 31 December 2018.[14][15] In February 2019, Anwar announced the cast members, including frequent collaborators Tara Basro, Marissa Anita, Asmara Abigail, Ario Bayu, and Arswendi Nasution.[16][11] Christine Hakim's casting, announced at the same time, represented the first time she had appeared in a horror film in her 46-year career.[16]

Although the film is primarily in Indonesian, some older characters speak Javanese.[17]

Filming

Director and writer Joko Anwar contracted dengue fever on the first day of filming Impetigore.

Filming began in March 2019,[11] and was primarily shot on location in Banyuwangi, Lumajang and Ijen in East Java.[9] The film crew spent three months searching for a village that matched the location described in the script. The village chosen, which was established in 1941 for workers on Dutch plantations, was so remote that the crew had to construct a path for vehicles and equipment to reach it.[2] Anwar said that "due to the difficult terrain, the entire crew and cast members had to stay in the village throughout the filming. [Fortunately] the villagers warmly welcomed us, even cooked every day for us."[18] Many local villagers appear as extras in the film.[2]

Filming was expected to take 29 days, but experienced difficulties when Anwar contracted dengue fever on the first day and was hospitalised for 8 days. Anwar later reflected that he had almost died during the illness, and that the shoot was "probably the most adventurous time" of his life.[2] The film crew had to construct the village's first toilets themselves, as well as the house that was used for the main set. After filming, this infrastructure was left by the crew for use by village residents, with the house set converted into a public library with books provided by the crew.[2]

Post-production

Sound mixing was conducted by the same team used by Thai filmmaker Apichatpong Weerasethakul, who won the 2010 Palme d'Or.[19] BASE Entertainment announced that production had wrapped by April 2019.[11] A teaser poster[18] and trailer were released in August 2019.[19] Titled Perumpuan Tanah Janah in Indonesia, the film's internationally marketed name Impetigore is a made-up word to name the disease suffered by the children in the film.[20]

Release

Impetigore was released in Indonesia on 17 October 2019.[18] Plans to screen the film for free at abandoned 1920s cinema Bioskop Grand Senen in Jakarta, as part of an effort to revive historic Indonesian cinemas, were later abandoned due to permit issues; demand was so high tickets had sold out within five minutes of the announcement.[21] It premiered internationally at the Sundance Film Festival on 26 January 2020,[22] and was later screened at the Rotterdam and Gothenburg Film Festivals.[23] It also had theatrical releases in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Macau and Myanmar.[23]

In May 2020, it was released for streaming on Indonesian service GoPlay[23] and was released in the United States, Canada and the UK on horror streaming service Shudder on 23 July 2020, after its distribution rights were acquired by the network as a Shudder original.[13][24][25] This marked another collaboration of Anwar and Shudder, after Satan's Slaves became one of the network's biggest hits.[13]

Impetigore was a box office success in Indonesia. It opened in first place in the local box office with an audience of 117,000 on its opening day[26] and attracted 700,000 admissions in its first week of release.[27] At the end of its domestic theatrical run, it ended up with 1.7 million admissions, making it the seventh highest grossing domestic film in 2019.[28]

Soundtrack

The film's soundtrack was created with the involvement of composer Rahayu Supanggah, and musical arrangers Aghi Narottama, Bemby Gusti and Tony Merle.[11]

Perempuan Tanah Jahanam (Original Soundtrack)[29]
No.TitlePerformerLength
1."Pujaan Hati" (Darling)The Spouse2:30
2."Berlibur" (On Vacation)The Spouse2:43
3."Pria dengan Mobil Tua" (Man with the Old Car) 1:31
4."Perempuan Tanah Jahanam" (Impetigore) 1:41
5."Pesan dari Masa Lalu" (Messages from the Past) 0:38
6."Harjosari" 1:05
7."Kedatangan yang Diharapkan" (Expected Arrivals) 3:23
8."Malam Ini Ada yang Lahir" (Someone Is Born Tonight) 1:28
9."Darah" (Blood) 2:02
10."Kulit" (Skin) 4:33
11."Ki Donowongso" (Mr. Donowongso) 4:59
12."Kerasa Nggak?" (Do You Feel?) 2:37
13."Memburu Kutukan" (Chasing the Curse) 2:15
14."Kisah Wayang Berdarah" (Bloody Puppet Story) 6:40
15."Kubur Kami" (Bury Us) 2:23
16."Persembahan Terakhir" (Final Offerings) 6:46
17."Nyi Misni" (Mrs. Misni) 0:36
Total length:48:00

Reception

Critical response

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 92% approval rating based on 39 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Impetigore uses its folk horror setting as the brutally effective backdrop for a supernatural story that sinks its hooks into the viewer and refuses to let go."[30]

In The Jakarta Post, Reyzando Nawara gave a positive review, commenting on the film's relevance to Indonesian society, saying it "makes a very compelling argument about the evils of abused power and the danger it presents" across multiple generations.[31] In Kompas, Mohammad Hilmi Faiq described the film as a new peak for Anwar.[32]

Some reviewers in American publications commented that Impetigore was not too scary as it instead put emphasis on Indonesian cultural elements.[33][5] Dennis Harvey wrote a positive review in Variety, praising the film's production design and sound, calling it a "handsome and atmospheric production" and "good, sometimes grisly fun that’s not terribly scary, particularly once hectic climactic events prove less suspenseful than the slow-burn buildup". Harvey critiqued the film's later acts, saying that the "convoluted later mix of chase scenes and explanatory flashbacks [feel] more like an awkward pileup of miscellaneous genre tropes".[1] On RogerEbert.com, Peter Sobczynski gave the film three and a half out of four stars, commending film's style and use of Indonesian folklore, but criticised the flashback sequence and epilogue. He particularly highlighted the film's opening sequence, calling it "electrifying" and "absolutely spellbinding".[5] In Screen Daily, Wendy Ide commended the film's atmosphere but critiqued its use of exposition, calling it "entertaining, pulpy horror, [that] focuses more on incorporating Indonesian cultural elements rather than delivering neatly packaged scares".[33] Jacob Stolworthy in The Independent called the film "a must-watch for fans of scary films".[34]

In a more mixed review, James Marsh in South China Morning Post rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said the film was "unevenly paced and fails to capitalise on its grisly premise", but praised Basro's performance.[35] Marco Ferrarese in Al Jazeera highlighted Impetigore as part of a new wave of low-budget horror films bringing increased international attention to Southeast Asia's film industry, alongside Malaysian film Roh. Distributed internationally by streaming services, Ferrarese highlighted it as one of several recent horror films from the region that received critical acclaim and festival attention beyond their native countries.[7]

Accolades

Impetigore received a record 17 nominations[36] and went on to be the biggest winner at the 2020 Indonesian Film Festival, the first for a horror film in the history of the Citra Awards. In accepting the award for Best Director, Anwar expressed his hope that the Indonesian film industry could raise its international profile, and said he believed that the COVID-19 pandemic had halted its progress when Indonesian film was "at its peak".[20] Anwar won his second Citra Award for Best Director, and Hakim won the third Best Supporting Actress and ninth award overall of her career.[37]

In November 2020, it was selected as the Indonesian official entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.[38] When announcing the submission, Garin Nugroho, head of the Indonesian Academy Awards Selection Committee, cited the film's showcasing of Indonesian values and culture, as well as for its direction and script.[9] The film was also submitted to the Best Foreign Language Film at the 78th Golden Globe Awards and was also not nominated.[17][39]

Year Award Category Recipient Result Ref
2019 8th Maya Awards Best Feature Film Impetigore Nominated [40]
Best Director Joko Anwar Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Christine Hakim Nominated
Marissa Anita Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Joko Anwar Nominated
Best Editing Dinda Amanda Nominated
Best Art Direction Frans X. R. Paat Won
Best Original Score Aghi Narottama
Bemby Gusti
Tony Merle
Mian Tiara		 Nominated
Best Sound Mohamad Ikhsan
Syamsurrijal
Anhar Moha		 Nominated
Arifin C. Noer Cup for Best Brief Appearance Teuku Rifnu Wikana Nominated
2019 3rd Tempo Film Festival Best Director Joko Anwar Nominated [41]
Best Supporting Actress Christine Hakim Won
Best Screenplay Joko Anwar Nominated
2020 Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival Melies Award for Best Asian Film Impetigore Won [42]
2020 40th Citra Awards Best Picture Won [37][20]
Best Director Joko Anwar Won
Best Actor Ario Bayu Nominated
Best Actress Tara Basro Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Kiki Narendra Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Christine Hakim Won
Marissa Anita Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Joko Anwar Nominated
Best Cinematography Ical Tanjung Won
Best Editing Dinda Amanda Won
Best Art Direction Frans X. R. Paat Nominated
Best Original Score Aghi Narottama
Bemby Gusti
Tony Merle
Mian Tiara		 Nominated
Best Sound Mohamad Ikhsan
Syamsurrijal
Anhar Moha		 Won
Best Theme Song "Pujaan Hati" by The Spouse & Tia Hasibuan Nominated
Best Costume Design Isabelle Patrice Nominated
Best Makeup & Hairstyling Darwyn Tse Nominated
Best Visual Effects Abby Eldipie Nominated

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Harvey, Dennis (29 June 2020). "'Impetigore': Film Review". Variety. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Verhoeven, Beatrice (11 January 2021). "How 'Impetigore' Director Gave Back to Remote Indonesian Village Used for Filming (Video)". TheWrap. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "Data Penonton 2019" [Moviegoers Data in 2019]. FilmIndonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  4. ↑ "Perempuan-Tanah-Jahanam (2020) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 Sobczynski, Peter. "Impetigore movie review & film summary (2020) | Roger Ebert". RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  6. ↑ Ramos, Dino-Ray (9 January 2021). "'Impetigore' Director Joko Anwar Talks Horror And Golden Age Of Indonesian Cinema – Contenders International". Yahoo! Finance. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  7. 1 2 Ferrarese, Marco. "'New kinds of monsters': The rise of Southeast Asian horror films". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  8. ↑ Brown, Todd (2 July 2011). "Exclusive Poster Art for Joko Anwar's 'Impetigore'". Screen Anarchy. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 "Joko Anwar's 'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' (Impetigore) selected as Indonesia's submission for the Oscars | Coconuts". Coconuts. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  10. ↑ Zahrotustianah (18 September 2018). "Alasan Horor Thriller Impetigore Batal Digarap Produser Wiro Sableng". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Joko Anwar shares first look of 'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam'". The Jakarta Post. 14 July 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  12. ↑ Frater, Patrick (10 September 2018). "Ivanhoe Finds Partners for Slate of Films from Indonesia". Variety. Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  13. 1 2 3 Frater, Patrick (8 May 2020). "Shudder Picks Up Joko Anwar's 'Impetigore' Indonesian Horror (Exclusive)". Variety. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  14. ↑ Yuniar, Nanien (16 September 2019). "Gaya film "Perempuan Tanah Jahanam" akan beda dari "Pengabdi Setan"" ["Impetigore" film style will be different from "Satan's Slaves"]. Antara (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  15. ↑ Yuniar, Nanien (2 August 2019). "Poster film horor "Perempuan Tanah Jahanam" dirilis" [Poster for horror film "Impetigore" released]. Antara (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  16. 1 2 Rosalia, Indra (27 February 2019). "Christine Hakim ramaikan Perempuan Tanah Jahanam". beritagar.id/ (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  17. 1 2 Gallo, Armando (5 January 2021). "Impetigore (Indonesia)". Golden Globes. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 "Teaser poster for Joko Anwar's 'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' released". The Jakarta Post. 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  19. 1 2 "'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' official teaser finally released". The Jakarta Post. 9 August 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  20. 1 2 3 "Horror movie 'Impetigore' wins big at FFI 2020". The Jakarta Post. 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  21. ↑ "Bioskop Grand Senen screening for 'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' canceled". The Jakarta Post. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  22. ↑ "2020 Sundance Film Festival: 118 Feature Films Announced". sundance.org. 4 December 2019. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  23. 1 2 3 "Joko Anwar's 'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' to stream on GoPlay". The Jakarta Post. 13 May 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  24. ↑ Squires, John (21 July 2020). "Indonesian Horror Movie 'Impetigore' Debuts on Shudder This Week". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  25. ↑ Frater, Patrick. "Shudder Picks Up Joko Anwar's 'Impetigore' Indonesian Horror (EXCLUSIVE)". Yahoo! News Malaysia. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  26. ↑ DH, Agung (18 October 2019). "Perempuan Tanah Jahanam Joko Anwar Ditonton 117.001 di Hari Pertama". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  27. ↑ Frater, Patrick (24 October 2019). "Joko Anwar's 'Impetigore' Tops Indonesia Box Office Ahead of Film Markets". Variety. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  28. ↑ "Data penonton tahun 2019". filmindonesia.or.id. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  29. ↑ "Perempuan Tanah Jahanam (Original Soundtrack)". iTunes. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  30. ↑ "Impetigore (2019)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  31. ↑ Nawara, Reyzando (16 October 2019). "'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam': A terrifying and cerebral blood-spattered horror tale". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  32. ↑ "Puncak Baru Kengerian". Kompas (in Indonesian). 27 October 2019. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  33. 1 2 Ide, Wendy (27 January 2020). "'Impetigore': Rotterdam Review". Screen Daily. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  34. ↑ Stolworthy, Jacob (25 January 2021). "The terrifying folk horror film that could be nominated for an Oscar". The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  35. ↑ "Impetigore: modernity vs tradition in Indonesian horror". South China Morning Post. 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  36. ↑ "'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' dominates 2020 FFI Awards with 17 nods". The Jakarta Post. 9 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  37. 1 2 Media, Kompas Cyber (5 December 2020). "Daftar Lengkap Pemenang Piala Citra FFI 2020 Halaman all". Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  38. ↑ Hayati, Istiqomatul (10 November 2020). "Indonesia Resmi Ajukan Perempuan Tanah Jahanam dalam Penilaian Oscar". Tempo.co. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  39. ↑ "Foreign Language Film Submissions – 78th Golden Globe Awards". Golden Globes. 5 December 2020. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  40. ↑ "Daftar Nominasi Piala Maya 2020". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  41. ↑ Mahdy, Ahmad Rozien (4 August 2022). "Sukses Sutradarai Pengabdi Setan 2 Communion, Berikut Segudang Penghargaan Joko Anwar di Dunia Perfilman - Ayo Surabaya - Halaman 4". Sukses Sutradarai Pengabdi Setan 2 Communion, Berikut Segudang Penghargaan Joko Anwar di Dunia Perfilman - Ayo Surabaya - Halaman 4 (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  42. ↑ "'Perempuan Tanah Jahanam' to represent Indonesia at 2021 Academy Awards". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
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