General

Phraya Songsuradej
พระยาทรงสุรเดช
Birth nameDeva Bandhumasena
Born(1892-08-12)12 August 1892
Bangkok, Siam
Died1 June 1944(1944-06-01) (aged 51)
Bangkok, Thailand
Allegiance Thailand
Service/branchRoyal Thai Army Royal Thai Armed Forces
Years of service1913–1944
Rank General

Admiral

Air Chief Marshal
Commands heldDirectorate of operations (1944)
Battles/wars

General Thep Phanthumsen[lower-alpha 1] (Thai: เทพ พันธุมเสน; 12 August 1892 – 1 June 1944), better known by the noble title Phraya Songsuradet (พระยาทรงสุรเดช), was a Thai military officer and member of the People's Party. As a cadet he studied at the Royal Prussian Main Cadet Institute and was a leading member of the senior army officers responsible for the Siamese revolution of 1932.[1][2] After the revolution, he became de facto chief of the whole military.

He had conflicts with Plaek Phibunsongkhram, who was a junior military officer in many serious matters. After Phibunsongkhram's rise to power in 1938, these conflicts became the allegations in the subsequent Songsuradet rebellion.[3]

Biography

Thep Phanthumsen was born in a military family on 12 August 1892 at his father's home at Suan Chao Chet (location of Territorial Defense Command in present) on the beginning of Charoen Krung Road, Phra Nakhon Province (later Bangkok). His father was an artillery officer named Lieutenant Tai Phanthumsen (ร้อยโท ไท้ พันธุมเสน), who served in the 1st Battery of Artillery. While he was studying in the Royal Military Academy (later Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy) his parents suddenly died. His older brother became a benefactor. Because he was an excellent cadet he received a scholarship to study army engineer science in Imperial Germany. Upon graduation, he received the rank of Fähnrich (Private First Class). After that, he continued his studies at the commissioned military level until he received the rank of Degen-Fähnrich (Acting Second Lieutenant) and entered the military service in Magdeburg, later he returned to Siam (presently Thailand) in the year 1915, after a total of 8 years of living in Imperial Germany.

Thanks to his time in Germany, he was fluent in both Thai and German.[4]

In Siam, he was an engineer who played a huge role in constructing railways in many regions of the country, such as northern line from Khun Tan Tunnel to Chiang Mai Province etc. He received the highest rank as a Colonel and his highest duty was Chief of Directorate of Operations in 1932, shortly before the revolution. In the revolution he did all the thinking and planning himself and did not reveal to anyone else until one day before actual action. Because he was a highly respected person in the military circles as a military academic he was regarded as one of The Four Musketeers (สี่ทหารเสือ; consisting of Phraya Songsuradej, Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena, Phraya Ritthiakhaney and Phra Phrasasphithayayut) who were the highest leaders of Khana Ratsadon. Sulak Sivaraksa, political critic and influencer said that he was the smartest and most talented of these four.[5]

He was exiled to Indochina in January 1939 following a rift with the Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram.[6] His life in Phnom Penh was full of difficulties, because he had almost no assets left. He had to make a living by repairing bicycles and making dessert for sale with his wife, who had to grind flour manually.[4] Phraya Songsuradej died on 1 June 1944 at an abandoned mansion in Phnom Penh with sepsis (but with conspiracy theory that he died due to being poisoned).[7][4]

Noble titles

  • 20 April 1918: Luang Narongsongkram (หลวงณรงค์สงคราม)[8]
  • 9 July 1924: Phra Songsuradej (พระทรงสุรเดช)[9]
  • 6 November 1931: Phraya Songsuradej (พระยาทรงสุรเดช)[10]
  • 15 May 1939: Abolition of nobility[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ Also spelled Bandhumasena.

References

  1. ↑ "นายทหารญี่ปุ่นพบพระยาทรงสุรเดชที่พนมเปญ". dailynews. 12 April 2017.
  2. ↑ "นักการเมืองไร้แผ่นดิน". www.thairath.co.th.
  3. ↑ "กบฏพระยาทรงสุรเดช เหตุการณ์กบฏอีกครั้งหนึ่งในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2475". 15 June 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 นักการเมืองไร้แผ่นดิน, คอลัมน์ เรื่องเก่าเล่าใหม่ โดย โรม บุนนาค. หน้า 65-66 นิตยสาร all ฉบับเดือนมกราคม พ.ศ. 2550
  5. ↑ "สารคดี2475 ตอน 2 "สองฝั่งประชาธิปไตย"". YouTube. 29 July 2012. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  6. ↑ "ชะตากรรมของพระยาทรงสุรเดช หนึ่งในสี่ทหารเสือคณะราษฎร์". www.reurnthai.com.
  7. ↑ พระยาทรงสุรเดช (2) คอลัมน์ ส่วนร่วมสังคมไทย โดย นรนิติ เศรษฐบุตร หนังสือพิมพ์เดลินิวส์
  8. ↑ "พระราชทานตั้งเลื่อนบรรดาศักดิ์" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 35: 208. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  9. ↑ "พระราชทานบรรดาศักดิ์" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 41 (ง): 1244. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  10. ↑ "พระราชทานสัญญาบัตรบรรดาศักดิ์" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 48 (ง): 3011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  11. ↑ "พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศเรื่อง การยกเลิกบรรดาศักดิ์" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette (in Thai). 48 (33ก): 1089. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2020.


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