Po dolinam i po vzgoriam

Po dolinam i po vzgoriam (Russian: По долинам и по взгорьям, lit. 'Through valleys and over hills'; Serbo-Croatian: Po šumama i gorama, По шумама и горама, lit. 'Through forests and over hills'), also known as Partisan's Song, is a popular Red Army song from the Russian Civil War.

Pyotr Parfyonov wrote the latest version of the song after the 1922 Battle of Volochayevka.^[1]

The song has many versions in other languages, including Serbo-Croatian, Greek, German, French, Hungarian, Hebrew and Kurdish among others. The song was adapted by the Yugoslav Partisans and used in World War II.

History

Vladimir Gilyarovsky wrote the poem "From the Taiga, the deep Taiga" in 1915 during World War I dedicated to the Siberian Riflemen, with text similar to the well-known version.^[2] Gilyarovsky's poem was published that year in several corpuses of Great War's soldiers' songs,^[3] and in the post-Soviet era it became known as the March of the Siberian Riflemen.^[4]

After the end of the Russian Civil War, the song was popular within the Soviet Union. Later, during World War II, it resurged in popularity among anti-fascist partisan fighters, most prominently among Yugoslav and Soviet partisans.

The song entered the official canon of Soviet songs when the director of the Red Army choir Aleksandr Aleksandrov, together with the poet Sergei Alymov, introduced the song into the choir repertoire. The words of the song were attributed to Alymov. The author of the melody was named as Ilya Aturov, commander of a Red Army unit, from whom Aleksandrov heard the melody of the song. The Red Army choir rendition was distributed on phonograph records. In 1934, a letter from veterans of the Russian Civil War in the Far East was published in the Izvestia central newspaper, naming Pyotr Parfyonov as the original author. Later that year, Parfyonov recalled the story of the creation of the song in the Krasnoarmeyets–Krasnoflotets (lit. 'Red Army man and Red Fleet man') magazine. In this article, Parfyonov wrote that he borrowed the melody from his earlier 1914 song Na Suchane (lit. 'On the Suchan'), and penned the verses to Po dolinam i po vzgoriam after the Red takeover of Vladivostok in early 1920. However, he was arrested in 1935 and executed in 1937 as part of the Great Purge.^[5] The song continued to be published attributed to Alymov and Aturov until the Supreme Court of the Russian SFSR confirmed Parfyonov's authorship in 1962.^[6]^[2]

Decades after the end of the Russian Civil War, White émigré accounts were published that included the lyrics to a White variation of the song, the March of the Drozdovites, claimed to have been written by White colonel Pyotr Batorin in commemoration of the Jassy-Don March. These accounts claimed that the composer Dmitry Pokrass was ordered to write the tune of the march by Colonel Anton Turkul during the White occupation of Kharkov in 1919.^[7]

The song is commonly played by the Alexandrov Ensemble. In the Middle East, the Russian song also got Hebrew texts written by the poets Avraham Shlonsky - Halokh halkha hevraya - a translation after Alexander Blok, which in several mobilizing versions served the Zionist Socialist Hashomer Hatzair movement and the Palestinian Communist Youth (now BANKI) movement in the Mandatory Palestine and then in Israel - and Didi Menosi - Mul gesher hanahar - which is known in the interpretation by the Israeli Gevatron ensemble. The music was used also as the first melody for the anthem of Palmakh Jewish shock units in Palestine.^[8] In the 1960s, French anarchist Étienne Roda-Gil penned a version dedicated to the Makhnovshchina.^[9]

Lyrics

Through Valleys and Over Hills

Russian	Transliteration	English (Literal)
По долинам и по взгорьям Шла дивизия вперёд, Чтобы с боя взять Приморье — Белой армии оплот Наливалися знамена Кумачом последних ран, Шли лихие эскадроны Приамурских партизан. Этих лет не смолкнет слава, Не померкнет никогда — Партизанские отряды Занимали города. И останутся, как в сказках, Как манящие огни Штурмовые ночи Спасска, Волочаевские дни. Разгромили атаманов, Разогнали воевод И на Тихом океане Свой закончили поход.	Po dolinam i po vzgoriam Shla diviziia vpered, Chtoby s boia vziat Primore — Beloi armii oplot. Nalivalisia znamena Kumachom poslednikh ran, Shli likhie eskadrony Priamurskikh partizan. Etikh let ne smolknet slava, Ne pomerknet nikogda — Partizanskie otriady Zanimali goroda. I ostanutsia, kak v skazkakh, Kak maniashchie ogni, Shturmovye nochi Spasska, Volochaevskie dni. Razgromili atamanov, Razognali voevod, I na Tikhom okeane Svoi zakonchili pokhod.	Across the valleys and across the hills The divisions marched forward, To capture Primorye in battle — The stronghold of the White Army. The banners fell In the bunting of the last wounds Went dashing divisions Of the partisans of Amur. The glory of those years will never fade, No, they shall never fade — As the partisan troops Captured the cities. They will remain legends, Like alluring lights Through the storming nights of Spassk and the days of Volochaevka. [We] defeated the atamans, The voevodes were dispersed And on the Pacific Ocean We ended our campaign.

From the Taiga, the Deep Taiga

Russian	Transliteration	English (Literal)
Из тайги, тайги дремучей От Амура, от реки Молчаливой, грозной тучей, Шли на бой сибиряки. Их сурово воспитала Молчаливая тайга, Бури грозные Байкала, И сибирские снега. Ни усталости, ни страха, Бьются ночь и бьются день, Только серая папаха Лихо сбита набекрень. Эх, Сибирь, Сибирь родная, За тебя ль мы постоим, Волнам Рейна и Дуная Твой привет передадим!	Iz taigi, taigi dremuchei Ot Amura, ot reki Molchalivoi, groznoi tuchei, Shli na boy sibiryaki. Ikh surovo vospitala Molchalivaia taiga, Buri groznye Baikala, I sibirskie snega. Ni ustalosti, ni strakha, Biutsia noch i biutsia den, Tolko seraia papakha Likho sbita nabekren. Ekh, Sibir, Sibir rodnaia, Za tebia my postoim. Volnam Reina i Dunaia Tvoi poklon peredadim!	From the taiga, the deep taiga From the Amur, from the river Like a silent, fearsome cloud Siberians march to battle. They have been sternly raised By the silent taiga, By the fearsome storms of Baikal, And Siberian snows. With neither fatigue nor fear Fighting day and night long, Only their gray papakhas Are dashingly worn askew. Oh, Siberia, dear Siberia, We'll stand up for you. To the waves of the Rhine and the Danube We'll give you our regards!

French lyrics

March of the Siberian Riflemen

French	English
Dans le froid et la famine, Par les villes et par les champs, A l'appel de Dénikine, Marchaient les Partisans Blancs. Sabrant les troupes bolcheviques, En ralliant les Atamans. Dans leurs campagnes épiques, Ils traquaient Trotsky tremblant. C'est pour la Sainte Russie, Pour la vieille tradition, Pour la gloire et la patrie, Que luttaient ces bataillons. Votre gloire est immortelle, Volontaires et Officiers Blancs, Et votre agonie cruelle, La honte de l'occident.	In the cold and the famine, By the cities and by the fields, At the call of Denikin, Marched the White Partisans, Slashing Bolshevik troupes, by rallying the Atamans. In their epic campaigns, they were hunting down trembling Trotsky. It is for a Holy Russia, For the old traditions, For the glory and the motherland, That these battalions were fighting. Your glory is immortal, White Volunteers and Officers, And our cruel agony, The shame of the west.

La Makhnovtchina

French	English translation
Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina Tes drapeaux sont noirs dans le vent ils sont noirs de notre peine ils sont rouges de notre sang. Par les monts et par les plaines dans la neige et dans le vent à travers toute l'Ukraine se levaient nos partisans. Au Printemps les traités de Lénine Ont livré l'Ukraine aux Allemands A l'automne la Makhnovtchina Les avait jeté au vent. L'armée blanche de Denikine est entrée en Ukraine en chantant mais bientôt la Makhnovtchina l'a dispersée dans le vent. Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina Armée noire de nos partisans Qui combattait en Ukraine contre les rouges et les blancs. Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina Armée noire de nos partisans qui voulait chasser d'Ukraine à jamais tous les tyrans.	Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina Your flags are black in the wind they are black with our pain they are red with our blood. Through the mountains and through the plains in the snow and in the wind all over Ukraine our supporters rose. In the Spring Lenin's Treatises Delivered Ukraine to the Germans In the fall the Makhnovtchina Tossed them to the wind. Denikin's White Army entered Ukraine singing but soon the Makhnovtchina scattered it in the wind. Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina Black army of our partisans Who was fighting in Ukraine against the Reds and Whites. Makhnovtchina, Makhnovtchina Black army of our partisans who wanted to drive out of Ukraine forever all tyrants.

Serbo-Croatian lyrics

Po šumama i gorama

Memorial plaque to Zora and her brother Mirko Kovačević, the author of this version of the song, who later died as one of the most experienced 1st Split Partisan Detachment members; Obilićevo, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (their hometown)

Serbo-Croatian (Latin / Cyrillic)^[10]^{[lower-alpha 1]}		English translation
Po šumama i gorama naše zemlje ponosne idu čete partizana, Slavu borbe pronose! Mi smo djeca vjerna rodu i ko jedan spremni svi da u borbi za slobodu umiremo svjesno mi! Neka čuje^{[lower-alpha 2]} dušman kleti krvavi se vodi rat,^{[lower-alpha 3]} Prije ćemo mi umrijeti Nego svoje zemlje dat'! Kaznićemo izdajice, Oslobodit' narod svoj, Kazaćemo cijelom svijetu Da se bije ljuti boj! Crne horde nas ne plaše, Krv herojska u nas vri, Mi ne damo zemlje naše Da je gaze fašisti! Zgazit ćemo izdajice, i prihvatit' ljuti boj, spasit' kuće, oranice, oslobodit' narod svoj.	По шумама и горама наше земље поносне иду чете партизана, Славу борбе проносе! Ми смо дјеца вјерна роду и ко један спремни сви да у борби за слободу умиремо свјесно ми! Нека чује душман клети крвави се води рат, Прије ћемо ми умријети Него своје земље дат'! Казнићемо издајице, Ослободит' народ свој, Казаћемо цијелом свијету Да се бије љути бој! Црне хорде нас не плаше, Крв херојска у нас ври, Ми не дамо земље наше Да је газе фашисти! Згазит ћемо издајице и прихватит' љути бој, спасит' куће, оранице, ослободит' народ свој.	Throughout forests and mountains of our proud country troops of Partisans are passing by, spreading the glory of struggle! We are children loyal to our family and all of us are as one ready, that in the fight for freedom we die consciously! Let the cursed foe know A bloody war is waged We will rather die Than give our land! We will punish the traitors And free all our people, We will tell the entire world That a bitter fight is fought! Black hordes don’t scare us Heroic blood boils in our veins We don’t allow our lands To be trampled by fascists! We will trample down the traitors and accept the furious battle, save houses, arable land, liberate our people.

Alternative version

Basil Davidson recites alternative lyrics as he heard them from Yugoslav Partisans in his 1946 book Partisan Picture:^[11]

Serbo-Croatian (Latin / Cyrillic)		English translation
Partizan sam tim se dičim: To ne može biti svak Umrijeti za slobodu, Može samo div-junak. Puška mi je drugarica, Mitraljez mi moji brat: Svakog časa odjim na straži, Da tiranu skršim vrat. Narodu sam zavjet dao, Ja, narodni partizan: Da ću čuvat' stijeg slobode, Boriti se noć i dan.	Партизан сам тим се дичим: То не може бити свак Умријети за слободу, Може само див-јунак. Пушка ми је другарица, Митраљез ми моји брат: Сваког часа одјим на стражи, Да тирану скршим врат. Народу сам завјет дао, Ја, народни партизан: Да ћу чуват' стијег слободе, Борити се ноћ и дан.	I'm a Partisan; of that I am proud. Not everyone can be that, To die for freedom Only a giant-hero can! The rifle is my friend, Machine gun my brother: Every hour I am on guard, To break the tyrant's neck. I made a vow to the people, I, the people's partisan: That I will guard the flag of freedom, Fight night and day.

Greek lyrics

Greek	Transliteration	English translation
Παρτιζάνοι προχωρείτε Μεσ' τους κάμπους, στα βουνά Να κερδίσουμε τη μάχη Ν' ανατείλει η λευτεριά. Από κάμπους και λαγκάδια κατεβαίνει η αγροτιά, μ'υψωμένα τα δρεπάνια χαιρετάει την εργατιά. Χρόνια τώρα εμείς σκυμμένοι σκάβουμε τη μαύρη Γης και τα πλούτη μας τα παίρνουν οι τυράννοι οι αστοί. Ό,τι βλέπουμε μπροστά μας απ'τα χρόνια τα παλιά, στη δουλειά μας τα χρωστάμε, ζήτω-ζήτω η εργατιά! Ας ξεχάσουμε τα μίση ολα εκείνα τα παλιά, κι ας υψώσουμε τα ξίφη όλοι για τη λευτεριά.	Partizáni prohoríte Mes' tus kámbus, sta vuná Na kerdhísume ti máhi N' anatíli i lefteriá. Apó kámbus ke langádhia Katevéni i aghrotiá, M'ipsoména ta dhrapánia Heretái tin erghatiá. Hrónia tóra emís skymméni Skávume ti mávri Ghis Ke ta plúti mas ta pérnun I tiránni i astí. Ó, ti vlépume brostá mas ap'ta hrónia ta paliá, sti dhuliá mas ta hrostáme, zíto-zíto i erghatiá! As ksehásume ta mísi óla ekína ta paliá, ki as ipsósume ta ksífi óli ghia ti leifteriá.	Partisans, move forward, in the meadows and the mountains so that we can win this battle for the freedom to rise. From plains and ravines comes down the peasant class, with sickles raised up they greet the working class. For years now we have bowed digging the black Earth and our riches are taken by the tyrrants the bourgeois. Everything we see in front of us from the old years, we owe it to our labour long live-long live the working class! Let us forget our grudges all these grudges of old, and let's raise our swords all of us for liberty!

Hebrew lyrics

Hebrew	Transliteration	English translation
היא עמדה אל מול גשר הנהר שעליו הפסיע אתמול גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים .ואחד יקר מכל גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים .ואחד יקר מכל את פניו הקפיא רוח הנהר ,אך ליבו עדיין בוער אלף נערות הכיר הוא .ואחת יפה יותר אלף נערות הכיר הוא .ואחת יפה יותר השדה שמעבר לנהר ,ערירי כאילו אשם אלף מצבות עומדות שם .ואחת מהן בלי שם אלף מצבות עומדות שם .ואחת מהן בלי שם האביב ממיס קרח בנהר ,ובשלל צבעיו מרתק אלף ילדים שרים לו .וילדון אחד שותק אלף ילדים שרים לו .וילדון אחד שותק הם עומדים אל מול גשר הנהר שעליו אי פעם צעד גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים .ואחד יקר לעד גדוד של אלף פרטיזנים ואחד יקר לעד	hi amda el mul gesher haNahar she'alav hifsia etmol gdud shel elef partizanim ve'echad yakar mikol gdud shel elef partizanim ve'echad yakar mikol et panav hikpi ruach haNahar akh libo adayin bo'er elef na'arot hikir hu ve'achat yaffa yoter elef nearot hikir hu ve'achat yaffa yoter hasadeh she me'ever haNahar ariri ke'illu ashem elef matzevot omdot sham ve'achat mehen bli shem elef matzevot omdot sham ve'achat mehen bli shem ha'Aviv memis kerach baNahar uBishlal tzva'av meratek elef yeladim sharim lo veYaldon echad shotek elef yeladim sharim lo veYaldon echad shotek Hem omdim el mul gesher haNahar she elav ei pa'am tza'ad gdud shel elef partizanim ve echad yakar la'ad gdud shel elef partizanim ve echad yakar la'ad	She stood in front of the river bridge, Which he stepped on yesterday A battalion of a thousand partisans And one most precious of all. A battalion of a thousand partisans And one most precious of all. His face froze in the river wind But his heart is still burning, A thousand girls he knew And one more beautiful. A thousand girls he knew And one more beautiful. The field across the river Barren as if guilty, A thousand tombstones stand there And one of them without a name A thousand tombstones stand there And one of them without a name Spring melting of ice in the river And a variety of fascinating colours, A thousand children sing it And one little boy is silent. A thousand children sing it And one little boy is silent. They stand in front of the river bridge On which a battalion of a thousand partisans A battalion of a thousand partisans And one precious forever. A battalion of a thousand partisans And one precious forever.

Notes

↑ Strophes marked in italics were also sung during World War II, but usually do not appear in orchestral versions recorded later. The latter italic strophe (sixth from the top) was typically replaced by the fourth strophe instead.
↑ Alternatively in Serbo-Croatian: Neka znade / Нека знаде, lit. 'Let [them] know'
↑ Alternatively in Serbo-Croatian: da će kod nas slomit' vrat / да ће код нас сломит' врат, lit. 'That they will have their necks broken here'

References

↑ Dmitri Hrustalev 2013 on site Vesti.ru
1 2 Muravlyov, Anatoly (December 2007). "Судьба автора популярной песни" [The fate of the author of a popular song]. Sibirskiye Ogni (in Russian) (12).
↑ Krylov, V. (1915). Солдатские военные песни Великой Отечественной войны 1914-1915 г.г. (in Russian). Harbin: Trans-Amur Border Guard District. pp. 54–55.
↑ "Сл. В. Гиляровского - Из тайги, тайги дремучей (с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
↑ "Парфенов Петр Семенович ::: Мартиролог: Жертвы политических репрессий, расстрелянные и захороненные в Москве и Московской области в период с 1918 по 1953 год". www.sakharov-center.ru. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
↑ "Петр Парфенов - Партизанская (По долинам, по загорьям..., с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
↑ "Сл. П. Баторина - Марш дроздовцев (Из Румынии походом..., с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
↑ Zemereshet- Israeli site of Hebrew music
↑ "Махновщина". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
↑ "Po šumama i gorama". Zagreb: Antifašistički vjesnik. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
↑ Davidson, Basil (1946). "3.2. Spring 1944 Beyond the Danube: Srem Our Oyster". Partisan Picture. Bedford Books. ISBN 0900406003. OCLC 2019137.

External links

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[11] Strophes marked in italics were also sung during World War II, but usually do not appear in orchestral versions recorded later. The latter italic strophe (sixth from the top) was typically replaced by the fourth strophe instead.

[12] Alternatively in Serbo-Croatian: Neka znade / Нека знаде, lit. 'Let [them] know'

[13] Alternatively in Serbo-Croatian: da će kod nas slomit' vrat / да ће код нас сломит' врат, lit. 'That they will have their necks broken here'

[1] Dmitri Hrustalev 2013 on site Vesti.ru

[:0-2] 1 2 Muravlyov, Anatoly (December 2007). "Судьба автора популярной песни" [The fate of the author of a popular song]. Sibirskiye Ogni (in Russian) (12).

[3] Krylov, V. (1915). Солдатские военные песни Великой Отечественной войны 1914-1915 г.г. (in Russian). Harbin: Trans-Amur Border Guard District. pp. 54–55.

[4] "Сл. В. Гиляровского - Из тайги, тайги дремучей (с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

[5] "Парфенов Петр Семенович ::: Мартиролог: Жертвы политических репрессий, расстрелянные и захороненные в Москве и Московской области в период с 1918 по 1953 год". www.sakharov-center.ru. Retrieved 2023-07-02.

[6] "Петр Парфенов - Партизанская (По долинам, по загорьям..., с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-02.

[7] "Сл. П. Баторина - Марш дроздовцев (Из Румынии походом..., с нотами)". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

[8] Zemereshet- Israeli site of Hebrew music

[9] "Махновщина". a-pesni.org. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

[10] "Po šumama i gorama". Zagreb: Antifašistički vjesnik. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.

[14] Davidson, Basil (1946). "3.2. Spring 1944 Beyond the Danube: Srem Our Oyster". Partisan Picture. Bedford Books. ISBN 0900406003. OCLC 2019137.

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