The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), founded in 1906, is the major governing body for intercollegiate athletics in the United States and currently conducts national championships in its sponsored sports, except for the top level of football. Before the NCAA offered a championship for any particular sport, intercollegiate national championships in that sport were determined independently. Although the NCAA sometimes lists these historic championships in its official records, it has not awarded retroactive championship titles.

Prior to NCAA inception of a sport, intercollegiate championships were conducted and usually espoused in advance as competitions for the national championship. Many winners were recognized in contemporary newspapers and other publications as the "national intercollegiate" champions. These are not to be confused with the champions of early 20th-century single-sport alliances of northeastern U.S. colleges that were named "Intercollegiate League" or "Intercollegiate Association." These leagues generally included some of the colleges that later became the Ivy League, as well as an assortment of other northeastern universities.

Even after the NCAA began organizing national championships, some non-NCAA organizations conducted their own national championship tournaments, usually as a supplement to the NCAA events. A notable example is that of NCAA Division III men's volleyball. Although the NCAA Men's National Collegiate Volleyball Championship, established in 1970, was in theory open to D-III schools, none had received a berth in that tournament. As a result, a separate championship event, open only to D-III schools, was created in 1997. That event was discontinued after its 2011 edition once the NCAA announced it would sponsor an official Division III championship starting in 2012.

The historical championship event outcomes included in the primary list section were decided by actual games organized for the purpose of determining a champion on the field of play. Lists of other championships for collegiate athletic organizations are referenced in later sections (see Table of Contents). It does not include Helms Athletic Foundation or Premo-Porretta Power Poll selections, which were awarded retrospectively.[1][2]

Championship game outcomes prior/concurrent to NCAA inception

Men's teams

Baseball

  • 1893 Yale def. Amherst, 9-0
Tournament was played at the Chicago World's Fair and included Virginia, Illinois, Wisconsin, Vanderbilt, Yale, Amherst, Wesleyan and Vermont.[3] William McKinley attended the opening game.[4] It was organized by the Columbian National Inter-Collegiate Baseball Association, notably by its secretary, Amos Alonzo Stagg, then the new head football coach at the University of Chicago.[5]

NCAA from 1947.

Basketball

  • 1904 Hiram College won the 1904 Olympic Games collegiate championship tournament, def. Wheaton College, 25–20, and Latter-Day Saints University (later, Brigham Young University), 25–18.[6][7][8][9][10][11]
  • 1908 Chicago def. Pennsylvania, 2 games to 0 (21–18, 16–15)[12][13]
  • Amateur Athletic Union annual United States championship – College teams were runners-up in 1915, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1932, and 1934. Four college teams won the championship (final game results):[14]
  • 1916 Utah def. Illinois Athletic Club, 28–27
  • 1920 New York University def. Rutgers, 49–24
  • 1924 Butler (Indiana) def. Kansas City Athletic Club, 30–26
  • 1925 Washburn College (Kansas) def. Hillyard Shine Alls, 42–30

NCAA from 1939.

  • 1943 Wyoming, winner of NCAA tournament, def. NIT champion, St. John's, 52-47 (OT)
  • 1944 Utah, winner of NCAA tournament, def. NIT champion, St. John's, 43-36
  • 1945 Oklahoma A&M, winner of NCAA tournament, def. NIT champion, DePaul, 52–44

Boxing

NCAA from 1932–1960.[48]

Cross country

Inter-Collegiate Cross Country Association (1899–1907)
Inter-Collegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America (1908–37)[49][50][51]

NCAA from 1938.

Fencing

Intercollegiate Fencing Association (1894–1943)

Team Foils

Three-Weapon Championship

† The first IFA three-weapon trophy was awarded in 1923. However, all three weapons (foil, épée, saber) were contested in the IFA tournament as early as 1920.[55]

NCAA 1941–42 and from 1947.

Football

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has never conducted a national championship event at the highest level of college football, currently its Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Neither has the NCAA ever officially endorsed an FBS national champion. Since 1978, it has held a championship playoff at the next lower level of college play. Prior to 1978, no divisions separated teams, and champions were independently designated by "selectors," composed of individuals and third-party organizations using experts, polls, and mathematical methods.[95] These efforts have continued and thrived for the higher FBS level. From the beginning, the selectors' choices have frequently been at odds with each other.[96] The NCAA has documented both contemporaneous and retroactive choices of several major national selectors in its official NCAA Football Records Book.[95] These selections are often claimed as championships by individual schools.

Golf

1897–1938

See Pre-NCAA college golf champions

NCAA from 1939.

Gymnastics

  • 1899 No team title. Yale gymnasts won 4 out of 6 individual events, shared a tie for victory in one event and also won the individual all-around. 19 schools participated.[97]
  • 1900 Columbia def. 2nd place Yale, 26 – 17[98]
  • 1901 Yale def. 2nd place Columbia, 20 – 14[99]
  • 1902 Yale def. 2nd-place Columbia, 16 – 15[100]
In 1903, the Western Conference instituted an annual conference championship meet.[101] Although early interest was expressed by the Intercollegiate Association in establishing a recognized national championship event with the Western Conference,[102] that interest did not reach fruition. In later years, the University of Chicago, a perennial Western Conference power, participated in several of the annual championship meets of the Intercollegiate Association.
  • 1917 Chicago def. 2nd-place Haverford, 14½ – 10[103][104][105]
  • 1918 not held
  • 1919 not held
  • 1925 Navy def. Chicago, 33 – 12, in a dual meet between winners of the Intercollegiate and Western Conference championship meets.[106]
"[I]n the twenty year period from 1910 to (the end of 1929) ... Navy has participated in 91 tournaments and dual meets and won 87 of them, including all seven of the intercollegiate championship events entered."[107] (Those seven events were conference, not national, championships.) Navy was so strong that the Intercollegiate Association asked Navy not to participate in the 1926 championship meet.[108] Navy was not a participant in the 1926, 1927 and 1928 meets.
  • 1944 Penn State won the National AAU team title during a five-year hiatus in the NCAA championships for World War II.[109]

NCAA from 1938.

Ice hockey

  • Amateur Athletic Union conducted annual National Ice Hockey Championships during 1931–1948, except during most of the World War II years.[110] College teams won the championship on at least two occasions:
  • 1940 Minnesota[111] def. Amesbury, 9–4, and Brock-Hall, 9–1[112][113]
  • 1942 Boston College[114] def. High Standard H.C., 3–2, Massena H.C., 9–8, and defending champion St. Nicholas H.C., 6–4[115]

NCAA from 1948.

Lacrosse

  • 1881 Harvard def. Princeton, 3-0
The first intercollegiate lacrosse tournament was held in 1881 with Harvard beating Princeton in the championship game. New York University and Columbia University also participated. From 1882 through 1970 (excepting 1932–1935), the United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association and the collegiate lacrosse associations from which it evolved chose annual champions based on season records. These associations were the ILA (1882–1905), IULL (1899–1905), USILL (1906–1925) and USILA (1926–1970).[116][117] In 1912 and 1921, the USILL conducted championship games between the winners of its Northern and Southern Divisions. Efforts to conduct such games in other years during its existence were unsuccessful.[116]
  • 1912 Harvard def. Swarthmore, 7–3
  • 1921 Lehigh def. Syracuse, 3–1

NCAA from 1971.

Rifle

National Rifle Association[118]

National Indoor Intercollegiate Match

1924–79

Men/Coed (year of conversion to Coed undetermined)

In the contemporary press, the type of competition utilized for this match was referred to as "shoulder-to-shoulder." This distinguished it from the "telegraphic" or "postal" form of competition.

NCAA from 1980.

* The Intercollegiate Rifle Team Trophy was presented to the NRA by the Sons of the American Revolution in 1928, when it was first awarded for annual rifle competition.[118]
† NRA document[118] states that there was no competition in 1946.
NRA Intercollegiate League

1909–22

Competition was held in telegraphic form using the indoor ranges of each competing school.

1908 – ?

The indoor intercollegiate match was a single annual indoor match open to teams of any college. It was held in telegraphic form using the indoor ranges of each competing school.

National Outdoor Intercollegiate Match

1905 – ?

Matches were initially held at Sea Girt, New Jersey; after several years Camp Perry, Ohio, became the perennial venue.

(This competition is not to be confused with the National ROTC outdoor rifle team championship for the William Randolph Hearst Team Trophy (first awarded circa 1922[159]), which was not open to all students.)

Skiing

1921–53

Beginning in 1921, an intercollegiate winter sports championship was held annually at Lake Placid, New York, and involved colleges from the US and Canada. It combined events from downhill and slalom skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping, as well as speed skating, figure skating, and snowshoeing in some years. The overall winning team received the President Harding Trophy. Prior to the 1940s, in end-of-year accounts of national sporting champions, major newspapers regarded the winning team at Lake Placid as intercollegiate champion.

In the late 1930s, a major annual "four-way" (downhill, slalom, jumping and cross-country) intercollegiate event began in Sun Valley, Idaho.[173][174] From the start it attracted not only college teams from the West, but also strong teams that traditionally participated in the Lake Placid meet, such as Dartmouth.[175][176] After interruption by World War II, it usurped the older event.

Newspaper coverage referred to the 1946 and 1947 Sun Valley winners (Utah and Middlebury, respectively) as national champions.[177] A few days earlier than the 1947 Sun Valley meet, a similar skiing competition was held in Aspen, Colorado, overlapping the start date of the Sun Valley event.[178] In 1948 and 1949, Aspen, rather than Sun Valley, hosted the national "four-way" intercollegiate ski championships.[179][180][181][182]

All of these competitions were held in the middle of the ski season rather than at the end. Then in 1950, an official annual post-season national championship event was established.[183] This event served to influence the NCAA to add skiing as a sponsored sport, with the first NCAA title event occurring in 1954.[184]

The Intercollegiate Ski Union (ISU), a conference of schools primarily in the Northeast, also conducted annual championship events for its members.[185] However, its geographic reach was more limited than the other competitions described.

Lake Placid, New York

† curtailed by bad weather (jump and snowshoe race held, last two events cancelled)
‡ lack of snow (cross-country and jump held, downhill and slalom cancelled)
# competition included non-collegians
♦ lack of snow (jump held, other events cancelled)
§ not regarded as national champion; included for completeness

Sun Valley, Idaho

Aspen, Colorado

Post-Season National Championship

  • 1950 Dartmouth (venue: Arapahoe Basin, Colorado)[183][184]
  • 1951 Denver (venue: Mt. Hood, Oregon)[247][248][249]
  • 1952 Denver (venue: Snow Basin, Utah)[250]
  • 1953 Washington State (venue: Snow Basin, Utah)[251][252]

NCAA from 1954.

Soccer

During the periods 1926–35 and 1946–58, annual champions were selected by collegiate soccer associations based on regular season records. All are considered unofficial. For the period of 1936–45, each year's outstanding teams claim unofficial national championships. See also Intercollegiate Soccer Football Association.

The Soccer Bowl[253] (played in 1950–52) attempted to settle the national championship on the field for the 1949, 1950 and 1951 seasons. The Soccer Bowl championship games were played in January, 1950; December, 1950; and February, 1952, respectively.

NCAA from 1959.

Tennis

1883–1945[254]

See Collegiate individual tennis champions

NCAA from 1946.

Tennis (indoor)

Intercollegiate Tennis Association (1973– )

Track and field (indoor)

Amateur Athletic Union (1918)

Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America (1923–64)[255]

  1. 1 2 3 4 In 1943 and 1947, NYU also won the AAU national senior indoor track and field meet. Villanova did so in 1957, as did the University of Pennsylvania in 1918. These are the only occasions that a college team won this open AAU title prior to collegiate sponsorship of the sport by the NCAA.[256][257]

NCAA from 1965.

Track and field (outdoor)

Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America (1876–1920)[50][259][260]

* University of Chicago won the 1904 Olympic Games collegiate championship meet, defeating Princeton, Illinois, Michigan State and Colgate.[261]

† A contemporary source[262] states, as part of an "international athletic games" (similar to the Olympics) in Chicago on June 28 – July 6, 1913, "The national intercollegiate track and field meet was won by the University of Michigan," with Southern California second and Chicago third.

NCAA from 1921.

Trampoline

Until 1969, men's trampoline was one of the events that comprised the NCAA gymnastics championships. At that time, the event was removed. The NCAA continued to bestow a national title in trampoline for two years.[263][264][265]

  • 1969 Michigan
  • 1970 Michigan

Discontinued after 1970.

Volleyball

United States Volleyball Association (1949–69)[266]

NCAA from 1970.

Molten Division III Men's Invitational Volleyball Championship Tournament (1997–2011)

This was a championship solely for NCAA Division III schools. It was discontinued after its 2011 edition when the NCAA announced it would organize an official Division III championship starting in 2012.

NCAA from 2012.

Water polo

  • 1913 Princeton 3, Illinois 1[267]

NCAA from 1969.

Wrestling

NCAA from 1928.

Women's teams

AIAW Champions in 16 NCAA Sports

See AIAW Champions for listings of pre-NCAA champions for most of the current NCAA women's sports.

Basketball

See DGWS/AIAW Basketball Champions (1969–82)

NCAA from 1982.

The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) has since 1926 conducted United States championship tournaments for women's amateur teams. On 28 occasions, small college teams (all from the central U.S.) have won the AAU women's basketball championship:[271]

  • 1932–33 (2) Oklahoma Presbyterian College[64]
  • 1934–36 (3) Tulsa Business College[66][67][68]
  • 1950, 58, 60, 62–69 (11) Nashville Business College
  • 1954–57, 59, 61, 70–71, 74–75 (10) Wayland Baptist College (Texas)
  • 1972–73 (2) John F. Kennedy College (Nebraska)

Bowling

United States Bowling Congress (formerly American Bowling Congress and Women's Intercollegiate Bowling Congress)[272]

Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion
1975 Wichita State 1984 Indiana State 1993 William Paterson (NJ) 2002 Morehead State 2011 Maryland Eastern Shore 2020 cancelled
1976 San Jose State 1985 West Texas State 1994 Wichita State 2003 Central Missouri State 2012 Webber International 2021 Wichita State
1977 Wichita State 1986 Wichita State 1995 Nebraska 2004 Pikeville (Kentucky) 2013 Maryland Eastern Shore 2022 Stephen F. Austin
1978 Wichita State 1987 West Texas State 1996 West Texas State 2005 Wichita State 2014 Robert Morris-Illinois 2023
1979 Penn State 1988 West Texas State 1997 Nebraska 2006 Lindenwood (Missouri) 2015 North Carolina A&T 2024
1980 Erie Community College (NY) 1989 Morehead State (Kentucky) 1998 Morehead State 2007 Wichita State 2016 Webber International 2025
1981 Arizona State 1990 Wichita State 1999 Nebraska 2008 Pikeville 2017 McKendree (Illinois) 2026
1982 Erie Community College 1991 Nebraska 2000 Morehead State 2009 Wichita State 2018 Lindenwood 2027
1983 West Texas State 1992 West Texas State 2001 Nebraska 2010 Webber International (Florida) 2019 Robert Morris–Illinois 2028

The NCAA from 2004 has sponsored a women's team championship, apart from the USBC national championships. There were 80 schools in all divisions participating in NCAA bowling as of April, 2018.

Fencing

Intercollegiate Women's Fencing Association (1929–63)

National Intercollegiate Women's Fencing Association (1964–79)[273]

Until 1974, schools from the states of New York and New Jersey won every foil team title.

Year Foil Team Year Foil Team Year Foil Team
1929 New York University 1946 Hunter College 1963 Fairleigh Dickinson
1930 New York University 1947 Hunter College 1964 Paterson State College
1931 New York University 1948 Hunter College 1965 Paterson State College
1932 New York University 1949 New York University 1966 Paterson State College
1933 New York University 1950 New York University 1967 Cornell
1934 Brooklyn College 1951 New York University 1968 Cornell
1935 Hunter College 1952 Hunter College 1969 Cornell
1936 Hunter College 1953 Hunter College 1970 Hunter College
1937 Hunter College 1954 Elmira College 1971 New York University
1938 New York University 1955 Rochester Institute of Technology 1972 Cornell
1939 Hofstra University 1956 Paterson State College 1973 Cornell
1940 Hunter College 1957 Rochester Institute of Technology 1974 California State-Fullerton
1941 Brooklyn College 1958 Paterson State College 1975 San Jose State
1942 Jersey City State College 1959 Paterson State College 1976 San Jose State
1943 Jersey City State College 1960 Fairleigh Dickinson 1977 San Jose State
1944 Hunter College 1961 Paterson State College 1978 San Jose State
1945 Brooklyn College 1962 Paterson State College 1979 San Jose State

AIAW 1980–82 (3 years). NCAA 1982–89 (8 years). NCAA (Coed) from 1990.

Ice hockey

American Women's College Hockey Alliance

Year and Champion
1998 New Hampshire
1999 Harvard
2000 Minnesota

NCAA from 2001.

Rifle

National Rifle Association

Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion
192? unknown start date 1928 George Washington[274] 1934 Washington[66]
1923 Washington[172] 1929 ? 1935 Carnegie Tech[67][275]
1924 Washington[172] 1930 ? 1936 Carnegie Tech[275]
1925 Washington[57] 1931 ? 1937 Carnegie Tech[275]
1926 ? 1932 Maryland[64] 1938–46?
1947 Penn State[276]
1927 George Washington[274][277] 1933 Washington[65] 1948–53?
1954 Monmouth (IL)[278]

NCAA (Coed) from 1980.

Pre-NCAA Coed Rifle: see above

Rowing

The National Women's Rowing Association (NWRA) sponsored an annual open eights national championship from 1971 to 1979, among college and non-college teams. (There were no eights before 1971.) During this period, only in 1973 and 1975 did a college team win the national eights championship outright. According to US Rowing Association, contemporary news reports in 1976 and 1977 do not mention a national collegiate title.[279] Beginning in 1980, the NWRA sponsored the Women's Collegiate National Championship, including varsity eights. In 1986 the NWRA dissolved after recognizing US Rowing's assuming of responsibility as the national governing body for women's rowing.

NWRA Open National Championship, Eights top college finishers, 1971–1979 (champion in parentheses) :

  • 1971 Washington, 2nd overall[280] (first place – Vesper Boat Club)
  • 1972 Washington, 4th overall (first place – College Boat Club)
  • 1973 Radcliffe College (NWRA open champion)
  • 1974 Radcliffe College (first place – Vesper Boat Club)
  • 1975 Wisconsin (NWRA open champion)[281]
  • 1976 Wisconsin (first place – College Boat Club)
  • 1977 Wisconsin (first place – Vesper Boat Club)
  • 1978 Wisconsin (first place – Burnaby Boat Club)
  • 1979 Yale (first place – Burnaby Boat Club)[282]

NWRA / US Rowing Women's Collegiate National Championship, Varsity eights :

Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion
1980 California[283][284] 1985 Washington 1989 Cornell 1993 Princeton
1981 Washington 1986 Wisconsin 1990 Princeton 1994 Princeton
1982 Washington * 1987 Washington 1991 Boston University 1995 Princeton
1983 Washington 1988 Washington 1992 Boston University 1996 Brown
1984 Washington

* simultaneous AIAW championship, the only one conducted

Followed by NCAA from 1997, in which women currently compete in a Varsity 8, a Second Varsity 8, and a Varsity Four.

Beach volleyball

American Volleyball Coaches Association, Collegiate Nationals

Year Champion
2006 multi-school pair
2007 Nebraska (two-person team)
2008 Texas (four pairs per team)
2009 USC (four pairs per team)
2010 Loyola Marymount (two-person team)
2011 multi-school pair
2012 Pepperdine
2013 Long Beach State
2014 Pepperdine
2015 USC

NCAA from 2016.

Tennis (indoor)

Intercollegiate Tennis Association

Year Champion Year Champion Year Champion Year Champion
1988 Florida 1999 Florida 2010 Northwestern 2021 North Carolina
1989 Stanford 2000 Stanford 2011 Stanford 2022 North Carolina
1990 Stanford 2001 Stanford 2012 UCLA 2023
1991 Florida 2002 Georgia 2013 North Carolina 2024
1992 Florida 2003 Duke 2014 Duke 2025
1993 Stanford 2004 Stanford 2015 North Carolina 2026
1994 Georgia 2005 Stanford 2016 California 2027
1995 Georgia 2006 Stanford 2017 Florida 2028
1996 Florida 2007 Georgia Tech 2018 North Carolina 2029
1997 Florida 2008 Georgia Tech 2019 Georgia 2030
1998 Stanford 2009 Northwestern 2020 North Carolina 2031

Track and field (outdoor)

Women's National Collegiate and Scholastic Track Association

Telegraphic meets conducted during specified dates each May

Year Champion[285]: 52, 56–58 
1922 ?
1923 Winthrop College
1924 Iowa
1925 Winthrop College
1926 Humboldt State College
1927 ?

Amateur Athletic Union

The AAU conducted senior women's national track and field championships for all athletes, both indoors and outdoors, beginning in the 1920s. Two college teams won numerous championships in each sport against other clubs from throughout the country.

Tuskegee Institute won the AAU national title 14 times in 1937–1942 and 1944–1951. Tennessee State won national outdoors 13 times in 1955–1960, 1962, 1963, 1965–1967, 1969 and 1978.[285]

Track and field (indoor)

Amateur Athletic Union

Tuskegee Institute won the AAU national indoor championships four times in 1941, 1945, 1946 and 1948. Tennessee State won the national title 14 times in 1956–1960, 1962, 1965–1969 and 1978–1980.[285]

Water polo

USA Water Polo[286]

Year and Champion Year and Champion Year and Champion
1984 UC Davis 1990 UC San Diego 1996 UCLA
1985 Stanford 1991 UC San Diego 1997 UCLA
1986 UC San Diego 1992 UC San Diego 1998 UCLA
1987 UC Santa Barbara 1993 UC Davis 1999 USC
1988 UC Davis 1994 UC San Diego 2000 UCLA
1989 UC Santa Barbara 1995 Slippery Rock (PA)

NCAA from 2001.

Champions of collegiate athletic organizations

NCAA champions

NAIA champions

NJCAA champions

USCAA champions

ACCA champions

Other sports

References

  1. ↑ Jenkins, Dan (September 11, 1967). "This Year The Fight Will Be In The Open". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  2. ↑ ESPN, ed. (2009). ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia: The Complete History of the Men's Game. New York, NY: ESPN Books. pp. 526, 529–87. ISBN 978-0-345-51392-2.
  3. ↑ "Monthly Record". Outing, an Illustrated Monthly Magazine of Sport, Travel and Recreation. Vol. XXII. September 1893. pp. 115–116. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  4. ↑ "Will See The Opening Game". Chicago Tribune. June 24, 1893. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
  5. ↑ "Baseball Notes" (PDF). New York Times. February 13, 1893. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
  6. ↑ "1904 Olympic Gold Medal". Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
  7. ↑ McCallum, Jack (November 29, 1999). "Could Be the Start of Something Big". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
  8. ↑ Harmon, W.H. (1904). "What Happened at St. Louis". Archived from the original on 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
  9. ↑ Cammett, Tom. "Going for the Gold: Hiram's Glory". Hiram Magazine. Archived from the original on 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
  10. ↑ "Terriers World Champions". St. Louis Dispatch. July 13, 1904. Archived from the original on 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
  11. ↑ Burcham, Dave (Aug 15, 2004). "Basketball Anniversary has Local Tie". Warren Tribune Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
  12. ↑ Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 1908-9. September 1908. pp. 27, 45. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  13. ↑ "Athletics". The Chicago Alumni Magazine. Vol. 2. April 1908. pp. 45, 89, 94–95. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  14. ↑ "AAU Men's National Champions". Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  15. ↑ 2009–10 Penn Men's Basketball Media Guide (PDF). p. 93. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-06. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  16. ↑ "Wesleyan and Wabash Fives to Open Tourney". Chicago Tribune. March 9, 1922. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
  17. ↑ "Wabash Wins Easily". New York Times. March 10, 1922. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  18. ↑ "Wabash Takes Title". New York Times. March 12, 1922. p. 27. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  19. ↑ "Kalamazoo College Basketball, Men's Basketball All-Time Scores". Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  20. ↑ Wabash College Basketball 2008–09 Media Guide (PDF). p. 40. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  21. ↑ "The Caduceus of Kappa Sigma". XXXVII. Kappa Sigma Fraternity. April 1922: 521. Retrieved 2010-04-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ↑ "The Phi Gamma Delta". XLIV. Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. May 1922: 663, 761. Retrieved 2010-04-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. ↑ "Wabash Hoops: The Wonder Fives; The Early Champions". Archived from the original on 2009-02-26. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  24. ↑ Scott, Jon. "History of the Early S.I.A.A. Atlanta Basketball Tournament". Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  25. ↑ "Tourney for Colleges". New York Times. January 24, 1922. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  26. ↑ "Hall of Famers: Charles D. "Chuck" Hyatt". Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
  27. ↑ "Temple Owls". Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  28. ↑ "NCAA Tournament History". "The tournament now determines the national champion, but that wasn't always the case. Until the 1950s, the NIT was just as big a tournament as the NCAA, and teams often chose to enter the NIT and bypass the NCAA tourney.". Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
  29. ↑ Davies, Richard O. (2007). "Sports in American Life: A History." Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. p. 155. ISBN 9781405106474. "In 1938, [Ned] Irish invited 16 teams to compete in a new tournament that he called the National Invitation Tournament ..., and it would be the premiere college basketball event for more than a decade. The following year, the NCAA responded by creating its own tournament, but it did not surpass the NIT as the premier postseason tournament until the 1950s."
  30. ↑ Augustyn, Adam, ed. (2011). "The Britannica Guide to Basketball." Rosen Education Service. p. 17. ISBN 1615305289. "New York City basketball writers organized the first National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in 1938, but a year later the New York City colleges took control of the event. Until the early 1950s, the NIT was considered the most prestigious U.S. tournament ..."
  31. ↑ Roth, John (2006). "The Encyclopedia of Duke Basketball." Duke University Press. p. 272. "During its early years the [NCAA] tourney was overshadowed by the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York."
  32. ↑ Glickman, Marty (1999). "The Fastest Kid on the Block: The Marty Glickman Story." Syracuse University Press. p. 75. ISBN 0815605749. "The first big tournament I covered was the 1946 National Invitation Tournament, the NIT, at Madison Square Garden. It, not the NCAA, was the big college basketball tournament in those days. Later the NCAA flexed its muscles to dominate college basketball, and the NIT became little more than an also-ran tourney. In its time, though, the NIT was enormous."
  33. ↑ McPhee, John (1999). "A Sense of Where You Are: Bill Bradley at Princeton." Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 114-115. ISBN 0374526893. "In the 1940s, when the N.C.A.A. tournament was less than 10 years old, the National Invitation Tournament ... was the most glamorous of the post-season tournaments and generally had the better teams. The winner of the National Invitation Tournament was regarded as more of a national champion than the actual, titular, national champion, or winner of the N.C.A.A. tournament."
  34. ↑ "National Championship Teams". Holy Cross Athletics. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  35. ↑ "2008 NCAA Basketball Records Book" (PDF). NCAA. p. 256. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
  36. ↑ ESPN Books, ed. (2009). ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 564. ISBN 978-0-345-51392-2. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  37. 1 2 "Penn State Has Won 78 National Team Championships". Archived from the original on 2009-03-24. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  38. ↑ "COLLEGE RING TITLE WON BY PENN STATE; Victors Take Four Firsts and One Second in Boxing League's First Tourney". New York Times. March 23, 1924. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
  39. ↑ "NAVY BOXERS WIN; CAPTURE 4 TITLES; Take Intercollegiate Tourney". New York Times. March 29, 1925. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  40. 1 2 "NAVY's GREATEST SPORT". Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  41. ↑ "Navy Boxers Retain Intercollegiate Title". Reading Eagle. March 28, 1926. p. 19. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
  42. ↑ "PENN STATE BOXERS WIN COLLEGE TITLE; Score 22 Points to Navy's 21, Midshipmen Losing Chance by Dropping Extra Bout. EACH GAINS THREE CROWNS Flynn, M.I.T. 160-Pounder, Beaten by Wolff in Final, Later Prevents Navy Victory". New York Times. March 27, 1927. p. S5. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  43. ↑ "NAVY WINS CROWN IN COLLEGE BOXING; Tallies 19 Points, One More Than Penn State, to Capture Team Championship. WOLFF STOPS MAZZOTTE Defends 160-Pound Title, Scoring Knockout in Third—Grant Victor in Extra Round. Grant Wins Title. Levy Collapses at Finish". New York Times. March 18, 1928. p. 163. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
  44. ↑ "PENN STATE BOXERS WIN COLLEGE TITLE; Win 3 Finals for 23 Points as Navy, Second, Gets 13-- Western Maryland 11. WOLFF AGAIN WINS CROWN Penn State Boxer Takes 160 Pound Title 3d Year in Row Only Champion to Survive. EPSTEIN OUTPOINTS FRY Penn State 115-Pounder Scores With Left—Hamas Beats Livoti to Regain Heavyweight Title. Penn State Gets 23 Points. Epstein Is Victor. Fish Defeats Davis". New York Times. March 24, 1929. p. 177. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
  45. ↑ "Minister's Son One of Winners in College Ring". Lewiston Daily Sun. March 24, 1930. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  46. ↑ "Penn State Boxers Win Second Straight Intercollegiate Title". Hartford Courant. March 23, 1930. p. C3. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  47. ↑ Nichols, Joseph C. (March 22, 1931). "NAVY'S BOXING TEAM WINS COLLEGE CROWN; Crinkley's Victory in Final Bout Gives Middies Title With Twenty Points. WESTERN MARYLAND SECOND Penn State, Defending Champion, Ties for Third With Syracuse Ringmen. Heavyweight Bout Decisive. BOXING TITLE WON BY NAVAL ACADEMY Drops Rival With Right. M.I.T. Cantain Victor". New York Times. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  48. ↑ "NCAA Discontinued Championships" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-04-23.
  49. ↑ "Annual Report of Advisory Council on Athletics". The Technology Review. Vol. 23. January 1921. p. 360. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  50. 1 2 Official Souvenir Volume, Forty-first Annual Field Meeting, Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America, Held at Soldiers' Field, Cambridge, Mass., May 26 and May 27, 1916. 1916. pp. 88, 109–110. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  51. ↑ "Inter-Collegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America All-Time Champions". Archived from the original on 2010-08-28. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  52. 1 2 "United States Sporting Champions, 1918". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1918. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  53. ↑ Frank Moore Colby, ed. (1920). The New International Year Book for the Year 1919. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 183. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
  54. 1 2 3 "United States Sporting Champions for 1919". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1919. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  55. 1 2 3 4 "United States Sporting Champions for 1920". The Christian Science Monitor. Jan 1, 1921. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  56. 1 2 3 "United States Champions for 1923". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1923. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 "United States Champions for 1925". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1925. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  58. 1 2 3 4 "United States Champions for 1926". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1926. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  59. 1 2 3 4 "United States Champions for 1927". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1927. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  60. 1 2 3 "United States Sports Champions for the Year 1928". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1928. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  61. 1 2 3 4 "United States Champions for the Year 1929". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1929. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 "United States Champions for the Year 1930". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1930. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  63. 1 2 3 4 "United States Sporting Champions for 1931". The Christian Science Monitor. Jan 7, 1932. p. 20. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "United States Sporting Champions for 1932". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 "United States Sporting Champions for 1933". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1933. p. 4. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "United States Sporting Champions for 1934". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1934. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  67. 1 2 3 4 5 "United States Sporting Champions for 1935". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1935. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  68. 1 2 3 4 5 "United States Champions for the Year 1936". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 31, 1936. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  69. 1 2 3 "United States Sports Champions for 1937". The Christian Science Monitor. Jan 4, 1938. p. 14. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  70. ↑ "Good Fencing Bouts" (PDF). New York Times. April 12, 1897. p. 5. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  71. ↑ "COLUMBIA FENCING TEAM WINS.; Harvard Loses After Victory for Four Successive Years". New York Times. April 3, 1898. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  72. ↑ The Daily news almanac and political register for 1929. Chicago Daily News Co. 1929. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  73. ↑ "INTERCOLLEGIATE FENCING; Harvard the Winner in a Well-Contested Tournament. Naval Cadets a Point Behind the Leaders and a Point Ahead of Cornell – Columbia Ranks Fourth". New York Times. April 2, 1900. p. 5. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  74. ↑ "College Fencing Meet" (PDF). New York Times. March 22, 1903. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  75. ↑ United States. War Dept. (1904). Annual report of the Secretary of War for fiscal year ended June 30, 1904, Volume 12. p. 253.
  76. ↑ The World almanac and encyclopedia (1905). Press Publishing Co. p. 263. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  77. ↑ The World almanac and encyclopedia (1906). Press Publishing Co. 1906. p. 271. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  78. ↑ "WEST POINT FENCERS LEAD; Harvard Second and Annapolis Third in Intercollegiate Meet". New York Times. March 18, 1906. p. 13. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  79. ↑ West Point Sports. Vol. 10. April 1907. p. 408. Retrieved 2010-04-12. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  80. ↑ Edward Rogers Bushnell (1909). The History of Athletics at the University of Pennsylvania, Vol II, 1896-97–1907-08. John C. Winton Co. p. 153. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  81. ↑ Brooklyn daily eagle almanac (1909). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1909. p. 541. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  82. ↑ "Navy Fencers Congratulated". New York Times. April 1, 1910. p. 9. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  83. ↑ "CORNELL FENCERS FIRST ALL AROUND; Win Intercollegiate Tournament and Roos Takes Individual Honors". New York Times. April 2, 1911. p. C5. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  84. ↑ "ANNAPOLIS WINS FENCING TITLE; YALE IS SECOND Louis Mouquin, Captain of Columbia University Team, Takes the Individual Honors". Christian Science Monitor. April 24, 1916. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  85. ↑ The Chicago Daily news almanac and yearbook for 1924. Chicago Daily News Co. 1923. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  86. ↑ The Daily news almanac and political register for 1929. Chicago Daily News Co. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  87. ↑ "HARVARD'S FENCERS WIN COLLEGE TITLE; Capture Foils Team Championship in Final Round, Winning 17 of 27 Bouts". New York Times. April 14, 1923. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-29. Army, by taking first in the sabres and epee events and fourth in the foils, won the new three weapon trophy offered this year by the Intercollegiate Fencing Association for all-around efficiency.
  88. ↑ The New international yearbook for 1925. Dodd, Mead and Co. p. 233. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
  89. ↑ "Navy Fencing Team Holds Slight Edge". Palm Beach Post. March 31, 1940. p. 2C. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  90. 1 2 3 "United States Champions for the Year 1938". The Christian Science Monitor. Jan 5, 1939. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  91. ↑ "Intercollegiate Fencing Event Starts Today". Hartford Courant. March 28, 1941. p. 17. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  92. ↑ Daley, Arthur (March 30, 1941). "N.Y.U. AGAIN WINS 3-WEAPON HONORS AT FENCING MEET; Tauber Retains Epee Title as Violet Also Captures Team Epee and Foil Crowns STOKES OF NAVY A VICTOR Steinhardt, St. John's, First -Harvard and City College Share Saber Laurels ON A FENCING STRIP IN TITLE EVENT AT PRINCETON N.Y.U. TEAM KEEPS 3-WEAPON LAURELS". New York Times. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  93. ↑ Childs, Kingsley (March 22, 1942). "3 TEAM TITLES GO TO N.Y.U. FENCERS; They Win 3-Weapon, Saber and Epee Crowns – Columbia Is Victor in Foils Event 3 TEAM TITLES GO TO N.Y.U. FENCERS". New York Times. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  94. ↑ Rendel, John (March 21, 1943). "NAVY FENCERS WIN 3-WEAPON HONORS; Cox Leads Team to Its Third Title of Tourney – N.Y.U. Annexes Foils Trophy VICTORIOUS NAVY FENCERS WITH THE THREE-WEAPON TROPHY Navy Wins Three-Weapon Title, Dethroning N.Y.U. Fencing Team". New York Times. p. 43. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  95. 1 2 2011 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records (PDF). Indianapolis, IN: The National Collegiate Athletic Association. August 2011. pp. 70–75. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
  96. ↑ Hooper, Matt (2009-10-10). Noel, Tex (ed.). "How many national titles can Alabama really lay claim to? Better yet, why is there more than one answer? (republished with permission from the Birmingham Weekly)". The College Football Historian. secsportsfan.com Intercollegiate Football Researchers Association. 2 (9). ISSN 2326-3628.
  97. ↑ Frank Moore Colby, ed. (1900). The International year book: a compendium of the world's progress during the year 1899. Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 394. Retrieved 2010-09-24. In 1899 the first important intercollegiate gymnastic association meeting was held, the result being as follows: Horizontal bar, E. B. Turner, Princeton, and R. G. Clapp, Yale, tied, 12 points; side horse, F. J. Belcher, New York University, 10 5/6; parallel bars, R. G. Clapp, 12⅓; flying rings, R. G. Clapp, 11 1/6; club swinging, R. G. Clapp, 13½; tumbling, W. L. Otis, Yale, 10; all-around championship, R. G. Clapp, Yale, 7 5/6 points.
  98. ↑ "Columbia Wins the Contest. Defeats the Field in Gymnastics with Score of Twenty-Siv Points". New York Daily Tribune. March 24, 1900. p. 4. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  99. ↑ "The Honors Go to Yale. The University Captures the Intercollegiate Gymnastic Events". The Times (Washington, DC ). March 24, 1901. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  100. ↑ Brooklyn daily eagle almanac 1903, Volume 18. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1903. p. 124. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
  101. ↑ "The alumni quarterly of the University of Illinois, Volume 5, No. 3". July 1911. p. 245. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
  102. ↑ "College Gymnasts' Annual Meeting". American gymnasia and athletic record, Volume 1, No. 5. January 1905. p. 167. Retrieved 2010-09-23. With a view to bringing about a recognized national championship in collegiate gymnastics, Secretary T. H. Burch, Jr., of Columbia, was authorized to correspond with the Western Intercollegiate Gymnastic Association with the view of an affiliation, arranging for the Western champion team to meet the Eastern champion team in some city of the middle West, the winner of this competition to become known as the national champion. This course was heartily indorsed by all of the collegians present, and is one that has been the object of achievement for some years.
  103. ↑ "The Cap and Gown". XXII. University of Chicago. 1917: 300. Retrieved 2010-04-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  104. ↑ "Athletics". The University of Chicago Magazine. Vol. 9, no. 7. May 1917. p. 307. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  105. ↑ "CHICAGO GYMNASTS WIN.; Easy Victors in Annual Intercollegiate Title Event". New York Times. March 31, 1917. p. 13. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  106. ↑ "Navy Gymnasts Beat Chicago; Van Vactor Individual Star". New York Times. March 29, 1925. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
  107. ↑ Wingate, W Wilson (December 29, 1929). "Ideal Conditions Explain Navy Gymnasts' Success". Baltimore Sun. p. SS1. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
  108. ↑ "NAVY TURNS WEST FOR ATHLETIC FOES; Director McCandless Says Teams Have Trouble Arranging Dates With Eastern Rivals". New York Times. April 12, 1926. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
  109. ↑ Louis Bordo captained the 1944 undefeated Lion team that won the National AAU team title (curated display). University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State All-Sports Museum. 5 April 2017.
  110. ↑ MacDonald, Gordon (1998). "A Colossal Embroglio: Control of Amateur Ice Hockey in the United States and the 1948 Olympic Winter Games" (PDF). OLYMPIKA: The International Journal of Olympic Studies. VII: 44, 53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-25. Retrieved 2016-05-17.
  111. ↑ "Gopher Hockey History 1939–1940". Gopher Hockey History. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
  112. ↑ Quale, Otto (1940-03-05). "National AAU Title Tops Unbeaten Year" (PDF). Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
  113. ↑ Joel A. Rippel; Patrick Reusse (2006). Minnesota Sports Almanac: 125 Glorious Years. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-87351-558-0.
  114. ↑ "Year-by-Year Results" (PDF). Boston College Hockey Media Guide 2011-12. 2011. p. 115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2016-05-17.
  115. ↑ Sprechman, Jordan; Shannon, Bill (1998). This Day in New York Sports. Champaign, Illinois, US: Sports Publishing LLC. p. 76. ISBN 9781571672544. Retrieved 2016-05-17.
  116. 1 2 Scott, Bob (1976). Lacrosse Technique and Tradition. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-2060-X.
  117. ↑ Fisher, Donald M. (14 Mar 2002). Lacrosse: A History of the Game. The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 64–71. ISBN 9780801869389.
  118. 1 2 3 4 "Intercollegiate rifle team trophy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  119. ↑ "NAVY SHOOTERS WIN TITLE". Christian Science Monitor. May 19, 1924. p. Sports 1. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  120. ↑ "College Rifle Tourney May 17". New York Times. Apr 28, 1924. p. 12.
  121. ↑ "NAVY RIFLE TEAM RETAINS ITS TITLE; First Team Scores 1,386 Points in the National Collegiate Championships". New York Times. May 17, 1925. p. S6. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  122. ↑ "NAVY HOST TO RIFLE MATCH". Christian Science Monitor. Apr 14, 1926. p. Sports 1. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  123. ↑ "George Washington Wins Rifle Tourney; Takes Shoulder-to-Shoulder Team Title in Field-of Nine Contestants". Christian Science Monitor. Apr 18, 1927. p. Sports 1. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  124. ↑ "GEORGE WASHINGTON WINS ANNUAL SHOOT; Fourth National Intercollegiate Match Goes to Capital Marksmen With 1,394". New York Times. Apr 17, 1927. p. S2. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  125. ↑ "COLLEGE RIFLE TITLE TAKEN BY NAVY TEAM; Middies and Five Other …". New York Times. Apr 1, 1934. p. S3. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  126. ↑ "Tech Rifle Shooters Win National Toga". Pittsburgh Press. Apr 5, 1936. p. Sports-4.
  127. ↑ "... Navy Team Tallies 1,364 Titleholders Top 12 Rivals in Small-Bore Rifle Test at Annapolis". The New York Times. Apr 5, 1936. p. S4. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  128. ↑ "Iowa Sweeps Rifle Meet – Wins Team and Individual High in National Intercollegiate Event". The New York Times. Jun 12, 1946. p. Sports 20.
  129. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Benjamin Shambaugh, ed. (Apr 1923). "Iowa journal of history and politics". XXI (2). State Historical Society of Iowa: 260–264. Retrieved 2010-06-05. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  130. ↑ "Columbia Wins Special Trophy" (PDF). New York Times. Apr 23, 1911.
  131. 1 2 3 "Massachusetts Aggies Champions". New York Times. Mar 28, 1912. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  132. ↑ "WEST VIRGINIA TO MEET HARVARD". Christian Science Monitor. Apr 22, 1913. p. Sports 1. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  133. ↑ "Rifle Title Goes to West Virginia". San Francisco Call. May 7, 1913. p. 11. Retrieved 2014-03-21.
  134. ↑ "Popular Attractions at Pullman Theater". Pullman Herald. Apr 3, 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  135. 1 2 World Almanac 1916. 1914. p. 364. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  136. ↑ "Perfect Scores on Range.; Three Teams Score 1,000 in Intercollegiate Rifle Match". New York Times. Jan 30, 1916. p. S3. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  137. ↑ "Penn wins rifle shooting contest". New York Tribune. May 24, 1919. p. 14. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  138. ↑ "Rifle Team Wins Championship". The Pennsylvania Gazette ...: Weekly Magazine of the University of Pennsylvania. Vol. 17. May 23, 1919. pp. 797–798. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  139. ↑ "NORWICH CAPTURES SHOOT.; Wins Intercollegiate Rifle Championship …". New York Times. May 7, 1920. p. 14. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  140. ↑ "Norwich Marksmen in Search of New Honors". Boston Daily Globe. Jan 6, 1922. p. 19. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  141. ↑ "Rifle Shooting in Colleges". Eugene Register-Guard. Nov 25, 1922. p. 3. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  142. ↑ "COLLEGE MEN IN BIG RIFLE SHOOT; March 15 to 27 Set as Time for the Annual Competition on Local Targets". New York Times. Jan 31, 1909. p. S3. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  143. ↑ "Sports at Columbia". New York Tribune. Feb 19, 1909. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  144. ↑ "Colleges Begin Firing, Intercollegiate Match for Rifle Championship Starts Today". Norfolk (Neb.) Weekly News-Journal. Mar 3, 1909. p. 3. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  145. ↑ "COLUMBIA TEAM SECOND; State College of Washington Wins First Honors in National Shooting" (PDF). New York Times. Apr 10, 1909. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  146. ↑ "SHOOT FOR INTERCOLLEGIATE PRIZE. Nearly a Score of Colleges Will Take Part in Gallery Championship". New York Tribune. Mar 14, 1909. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  147. ↑ "ODDS AND ENDS OF SPORT". New York Times. Mar 16, 1909. p. 7. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  148. ↑ Michigan State Board of Agriculture (July 1, 1909). 48th Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan. p. 91. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  149. ↑ "G W U MAKES BID FOR RIFLE HONORS, Crack Shots Will Try for Intercollegiate Championship This Winter". Washington Times. Oct 16, 1908. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  150. ↑ "Amherst Aggies Won Rifle Shoot". The Day (New London, CT). Apr 8, 1910. p. 14. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  151. 1 2 "Massachusetts Wins Rifle Shoot". The Ogden Standard. Apr 8, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  152. ↑ "Georgetown's Rifle Team Is Intercollegiate Winner". New York Times. Mar 11, 1923. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  153. ↑ "GEORGE WASHINGTON WINS.; Captures Intercollegiate Rifle Team Gallery Championship". New York Times. Mar 30, 1924. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  154. ↑ "NORWICH WINS RIFLE TITLE.; Gains Seventh Straight League Victory". New York Times. Mar 29, 1927. p. Sports 20. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  155. ↑ "NORWICH WINS IN SECTION A, MISSOURI IN SECTION B". Christian Science Monitor. Apr 29, 1927. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  156. ↑ "Norwich Riflemen Score". New York Times. May 3, 1927. p. Sports 33. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  157. ↑ "WASHINGTON WINS FOUR RIFLE TITLES". Christian Science Monitor. May 20, 1932. p. Sports 4. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  158. 1 2 "Cougar Shooters Busy". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Mar 17, 1934. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  159. ↑ "Ripon Rifle Champs Receive Hearst Trophy". Milwaukee Sentinel. April 24, 1955. p. 7.
  160. 1 2 3 "COLLEGE SHOOT PROVED FROST". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Jul 6, 1908. p. 7. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  161. 1 2 3 4 5 "Intercollegiate Shoot on June 19. Rifle Match for Championship to be Decided at Sea Girt – George Washington Holder". New York Tribune. May 23, 1909. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  162. 1 2 3 "G.W.U. LOSES TROPHY Rifle Championship Won by Massachusetts College". Washington Herald. Jun 19, 1910. p. Sporting 3. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  163. ↑ "RECORD SHOOTING SCORE. Massachusetts Agricultural College Wins First in Collegiate Rifle Tournament". Boston Daily Globe. Jun 22, 1913. p. 9. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  164. ↑ University of Pennsylvania Record Yearbook – Class of 1915. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. 1915. p. 337.
  165. ↑ "TECH RIFLE TEAM WINS CHAMPIONSHIP. Best in the Country in the College Division. Score of 838 Out of 900 Convincing Testimony of Preparedeness". Boston Daily Globe. Nov 2, 1915. p. 7. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  166. ↑ "NORWICH UNIVERSITY WINS RIFLE TOURNEY". Hartford Courant. Jun 28, 1916. p. 19. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  167. ↑ The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year-book for 1917, Volume 33. 1917. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  168. ↑ "TITLE SHOOT POSTPONED.; NRA Rifle Championship Not to Start Until Aug. 27". New York Times. Jun 24, 1921. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  169. ↑ "NAVY WINS ANOTHER TITLE.; Takes All Three Places in Intercollegiate Rifle Match". New York Times. Sep 30, 1921. p. Sports 21. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  170. ↑ "SUDS IN BAD SHAPE". Los Angeles Times. Apr 8, 1921. p. III 1. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  171. ↑ "UNDERWOOD'S CLOUTS TRIP UP DARTMOUTH". Boston Daily Globe. Apr 8, 1921. p. 17. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  172. 1 2 3 "More than 100 Colleges Now have Rifle Teams". Maryland Conservationist. Vol. 2, no. 4. 1924. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  173. 1 2 "THE NORTH; Holiday Week Races At Lake Placid FRANCONIA SKI TESTS PLANS AT SUN VALLEY". New York Times. December 18, 1938. p. Travel 168. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  174. 1 2 "Ice Carnival in San Francisco; Barbara Ann Gingg Coast Star". Christian Science Monitor. December 28, 1938. p. Sports 7. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  175. 1 2 "DARTMOUTH'S TEAM SWEEPS SKIING MEET; Adds Downhill Victory to Other Triumphs Against Washington at Sun Valley". New York Times. January 2, 1938. p. Sports 66. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  176. 1 2 "Dartmouth Skiers Swamp Washington U". The Deseret News. January 3, 1938. p. 11. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  177. 1 2 3 Elkins, Frank (December 8, 1946). "OLYMPIC TRYOUTS FEATURE SKI SEASON; Snow Planes Will Carry The Winter-Sport Fan To Distant Slopes". New York Times. p. Winter 241. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  178. 1 2 "Spokane Scene of College Ski". The (Spokane) Spokesman-Review. November 27, 1947. p. 13. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  179. 1 2 "Nation's Colleges Set at Aspen for Ski Tourney". The Deseret News. December 27, 1948. p. B-2. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  180. 1 2 "SKI TITLE TO MIDDLEBURY; Vermont College Takes 4-Way Meet – Perry-Smith Victor". New York Times. December 31, 1948. p. Sports 20. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  181. 1 2 "DENVER SKIERS TAKE LEAD; Western State College Second in Two-Day Meet at Aspen". New York Times. December 28, 1947. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  182. ↑ "Indians En Route To Aspen For National Ski Title Meet". The Deseret News. December 25, 1948. p. B2. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  183. 1 2 "DARTMOUTH SKI TEAM CAPTURES NATIONAL MEET". Chicago Daily Tribune. April 3, 1950. p. C2. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  184. 1 2 "NCAA Should get into Ski Sports". Lewiston Evening Journal. March 30, 1950. p. 25. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  185. 1 2 "Heavy Schedule of Competitive Events Awaits Winter Sports Enthusiasts". New York Times. December 7, 1947. p. Travel 339. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  186. ↑ "United States College Meet Attracts Large Ottawa Entry". Ottawa Citizen. Dec 26, 1933. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  187. ↑ "WINTER CARNIVAL TODAY.; Nine Colleges to Compete for Harding Cup at Lake Placid". New York Times. December 31, 1923. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  188. 1 2 3 "Lake Placid Meet Opens Wednesday. 14 Colleges in Canada and U.S. to Compete in Winter Sports Events". The Montreal Gazette. Dec 26, 1932. p. 11. Retrieved 2010-05-27. Dartmouth has won the Harding Trophy five of the 11 years the competition has been staged.
  189. ↑ "Williams Outing Club". Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  190. ↑ "WILLIAMS IS WINNER OF HARDING TROPHY; Captures Winter Sports Feature of College Week at Lake Placid With 30 Points". New York Times. January 2, 1925. p. 11. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  191. ↑ "WISCONSIN GETS TIE FOR HARDING TROPHY; Takes Ski Jumping in Lake Placid Sports, Evening New Hampshire Score. FINAL OF 7 EVENTS DECIDES Victory of Dahl in Leap Also Helps to Win Foch and Team Prize for Mid-Westerners". New York Times. January 2, 1926. p. 17. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  192. ↑ "HARDING PRIZE WON BY NEW HAMPSHIRE; Pederson of Victors Takes Foch Trophy at Lake Placid Winter Sports Carnival. LEAPS 122 AND 132 FEET Ski Performances Break Tie With Dartmouth – The Green Again Beats Williams Six". New York Times. January 1, 1927. p. Sports 16. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
  193. ↑ "Wisconsin adds permanent unit to annual card". The Daily Illini. Jan 11, 1928. p. 9.
  194. ↑ "HARDING TROPHY TO NEW HAMPSHIRE; Beats McGill by Three Points When Pederson Is Victor in Ski Jumping Event. WINS WITH 158-FOOT LEAP Intercollegiate Champion Captures Foch Trophy—Williams Takes Hockey Series". New York Times. January 2, 1929. p. 36. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  195. 1 2 "DARTMOUTH WINS HARDING TROPHY; Clinches Honors at Lake Placid Second Year in Row—Leads McGill by 23 Points. SHEA STARS AT SKATING Captures the 440 and Two-Mile Events—Wakefield Triumphs in Figure Skating. Dartmouth Star Shines. Perley Leads Blood". New York Times. January 1, 1931. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  196. ↑ "HARDING TROPHY TO NEW HAMPSHIRE; Winter Sports Team Victor at Lake Placid Club With 29 Points – Dartmouth Next. BLOOD WINS FOCH AWARD His Impressive Triumph in Ski-Jumping Event Boosts Total of the Winners". New York Times. January 3, 1932. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  197. ↑ "New Hampshire wins Annual Winter Card". The Palm Beach Post. Jan 3, 1933. p. 2. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  198. ↑ "14 COLLEGE TEAMS ENTER WINTER MEET; Annual Competition at Lake Placid Club to Get Under Way on Wednesday". New York Times. December 25, 1932. p. S2. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  199. ↑ Elkins, Frank (January 2, 1935). "President Harding Trophy Is Retained by Dartmouth as Ski Tourney Ends; DARTMOUTH TEAM KEEPS SKI LAURELS Finishes With 552.7 Points at Lake Placid – McGill Is Runner-Up With 492.4. CHIVERS AGAIN THE STAR Wins the Foch Trophy Jump – LaFleur, Ottawa Ace, Is in Second Place". New York Times. p. 19. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  200. ↑ "Upstate New York Winter Sports Card Starts, Lake Placid". Lewiston Daily Sun. December 29, 1936. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  201. ↑ Elkins, Frank (January 3, 1937). "Paul Bietila and Sorensen Show Fine Form To Triumph in Ski Jumping at Lake Placid; PAUL BIETILA WINS LAKE PLACID JUMP Looms as Olympic Hope Jumpers Show Courage Prizes for Each Team Miss Froman Named Queen". New York Times. p. Sports 73. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  202. 1 2 "McGill Ski Team wins first place in college tournament at Lake Placid". The Montreal Gazette. Jan 3, 1939. p. 13. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  203. ↑ "Winter Sports Week-End Starts at Lake Placid". The Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun. Dec 26, 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  204. ↑ "New Hampshire Wins College Men's Meet at Lake Placid Club". The Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun. Jan 2, 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
  205. ↑ "New Hampshire Seeks to Regain Skiing Supremacy". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Jan 1, 1941. p. 9. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
  206. ↑ Kelley, Robert F. (Jan 4, 1942). "DISTIN, DARTMOUTH, CAPTURES SKI JUMP; Ralph Townsend Takes Meet Honors at Lake Placid – Princeton Hockey Victor DISTIN, DARTMOUTH, ANNEXES SKI JUMP". New York Times. p. S1. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  207. 1 2 Elkins, Frank (January 1, 1945). "Stewart Is Cross-Country Victor As Dartmouth Keeps Skiing Lead; Norwegian Jack Takes Open Class Contest in Fast Time at the Lake Placid Meet-- Hovey-Hewitt Slalom Tie Announced". New York Times. p. 27. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  208. ↑ "Dartmouth Skiers Win at Lake Placid". Syracuse Herald-Journal. January 2, 1944. p. 31. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  209. ↑ "Dartmouth Skiers Win at Lake Placid". Troy (NY) Record. January 1, 1944. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  210. ↑ "Kjel Ski Victor At Lake Placid". Troy (NY) Record. December 31, 1943. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  211. ↑ Elkins, Frank (Jan 2, 1945). "LAKE PLACID RAIN CANCELS SKI JUMP; Downpour Disappoints Strong Field Set for Final—Meet Laurels to Dartmouth Awaited by Service Men Devlin Back in Form Scores in Close Contest". New York Times. p. Sports 14. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  212. ↑ Elkins, Frank (Dec 30, 1944). "SKIERS WILL OPEN 3-DAY MEET TODAY; College, School, Women Teams Will Compete in Events at Lake Placid SNOW CONDITIONS SUPERB Army Officials to Cooperate in Staging Races – Section Crowded to Capacity". New York Times. p. 17. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  213. ↑ "Hardy Brothers Win Ski Races". Syracuse Herald-American. December 30, 1945. p. 20. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  214. ↑ Elkins, Frank (January 20, 1946). "M'Gill Skiers Lead Dartmouth Rivals; Middlebury Winter Carnival Royalty". The New York Times. p. S73. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  215. ↑ "St. Lawrence University Ski Team Tops College Meet at Lake Placid; Wright, Colby Pace Victors to 486.83 Points --Middlebury Second With 486.04 as New Hampshire, Early Leader, Drops to Third". New York Times. January 2, 1947. p. 19.
  216. ↑ Elkins, Frank (Jan 2, 1948). "St. Lawrence Skiers Again Take Honors in Lake Placid Tourney; Top College Field as Wright Retains the All-Around Trophy, Placing Second in Jump Won by Broomhall of Maine". New York Times. p. Sports 19. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
  217. ↑ Elkins, Frank (Dec 30, 1947). "10 College Ski Teams Seek Honors As Lake Placid Meet Starts Today; St. Lawrence, Defending Champion, Choice to Keep Title in Sno Birds Competition – Wright Is Individual, Favorite". New York Times. p. Sports 27. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
  218. ↑ Flynn, John (January 4, 1949). "The Referee's Sporting Chat". The (Pittsfield) Berkshire Evening Eagle. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  219. ↑ Elkins, Frank (December 5, 1948). "COMPETING ON SNOW; National and World Meets Will Attract Many Skiers to American Slopes". New York Times. p. XX23. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  220. ↑ "Ski Meet Off". Syracuse Herald-Journal. December 30, 1949. p. 22. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  221. ↑ "College Ski Week Halted". Syracuse Herald-Journal. December 14, 1950. p. 62. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  222. ↑ "YALE STAR VICTOR IN DOWNHILL RACE; Garrett Wins Sun Valley Ski Test—Bradley of Dartmouth Takes All-Around Honors". New York Times. January 2, 1939. p. Sports 31. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  223. ↑ "Bradley Takes Title in 1939 Winter Program. Seattle Star Finishes First in Downhill Ski Headliner". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. January 2, 1939. p. 9. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
  224. ↑ "Eastern Youth Wins Ski Event. Steve Bradley is High Point Scorer at Sun Valley". The Billings Gazette. January 3, 1939. p. 7. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  225. 1 2 "Here and There". Christian Science Monitor. December 10, 1939. p. Sports 12. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  226. ↑ McMenamin, William (January 2, 1940). "Huskies Take Ski Gonfalon at Sun Valley". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
  227. ↑ "TIPS TO TOURISTS". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 24, 1939. p. Part 8, F6. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  228. ↑ "Huskies Win Ski Title in Idaho Tourney; Bobby Blatt is Standout of Sun Valley College Sports Program". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. January 2, 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
  229. ↑ "SUN VALLEY; Many Improvements At Ski Center AT SHARON SPRINGS NEW PITTSBURGH MUSEUM". New York Times. November 24, 1940. p. Travel XX2. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  230. ↑ Elkins, Frank (December 26, 1940). "SKI SLOPES AND TRAILS; Friendly Sports Rivals". New York Times. p. Sports 25. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  231. 1 2 "BLATT CAPTURES SKI RACE; Stanford Star Wins Downhill in Sun Valley College Meet". New York Times. December 31, 1941. p. Sports 25. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  232. ↑ Elkins, Frank (December 12, 1941). "Limited Skiing Will Be Possible In Some Areas Over the Week-End; Light Snow Falls on Trails and Slopes of Saranac, Lake Placid and Stowe Regions – Lift to Operate on Sunday". New York Times. p. Sports 37. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  233. ↑ "Hoofer History Review, 1959 version". Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  234. ↑ "Washington Wins Ski Meet in Sun Valley". The Fresno Bee. January 2, 1942. p. 3-B. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  235. ↑ "IN THE FIELD OF TRAVEL; SUN VALLEY OPENING". New York Times. November 10, 1946. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  236. ↑ "Winter Sport Fans, Coast to Coast, Await Snow and Cold". The Milwaukee Journal. December 8, 1946. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  237. ↑ "UTAH TAKES SKI LAURELS; Washington 2d at Sun Valley-- Perry-Smith Jump Victor". New York Times. January 1, 1947. p. Sports 29. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  238. ↑ "College Skiers Ready to Start Tournament". Eugene Register-Guard. December 27, 1947. p. 21. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  239. ↑ "MIDDLEBURY SKI VICTOR; Annexes Team Award in Sun Valley College Meet". New York Times. January 1, 1948. p. Sports 30. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  240. ↑ "Huskies Annex Ski Lead at Sun Valley". The Deseret News. December 29, 1947. p. 14. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  241. ↑ "Middlebury Ski Team is Champ, Utah Trails Huskies & Dartmouth". The Deseret News. January 1, 1948. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  242. 1 2 Van Degrift, Ethel (December 16, 1949). "SKI SLANTS..." Los Angeles Times. p. C3. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  243. ↑ "Western State Ski Victor". New York Times. December 29, 1947. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  244. ↑ "Skiing At Middlebury". Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  245. ↑ "Sanderson Leads in College Ski Event". The Lewiston Daily Sun. December 23, 1949. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  246. ↑ "New Starting Time". Los Angeles Times. December 25, 1949. p. 13. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  247. ↑ "Denver Leading College Skiers". Eugene Register-Guard. April 1, 1951. p. 10. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  248. ↑ "Nevada's Ski Carnival this Weekend". The Deseret News. February 14, 1951. p. A9. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  249. ↑ "Bradley Tourney Termed Success". The Baltimore Sun. April 2, 1951. p. 16. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  250. ↑ "DENVER WINS 2D NATIONAL SKI CROWN IN ROW". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 31, 1952. p. C2. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  251. ↑ "Washington State Skiers Win". New York Times. March 30, 1953. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  252. ↑ "Colleges map Ski Meet at snow Basin". The Deseret News. March 20, 1953. p. 6B. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  253. ↑ "NCAA College Soccer Championships". Archived from the original on 2009-11-26. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
  254. ↑ "Part Three Historical Records, U.S. Adult & Senior National Championships". The USTA. United States Tennis Association. 2004. pp. 459–460. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  255. 1 2 "Men's Indoor Track and Field Past Champions". Archived from the original on 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
  256. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac 1919. Brooklyn, New York: Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1919. p. 271.
  257. ↑ Donovan, Wally (1976). A History of Indoor Track and Field. El Cajon, California: The Edward Jules Co. pp. 72, 105, 209.
  258. ↑ "1947 United States Champions". The Christian Science Monitor. Dec 30, 1947. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  259. ↑ "CORNELL TAKES BIG TRACK MEET". The Christian Science Monitor. June 3, 1918. p. 14. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  260. ↑ "PENN CAPTURES COLLEGE TITLE". The Christian Science Monitor. May 31, 1920. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  261. ↑ Mallon, Bill (1999). The 1904 Olympic Games: results for all competitors in all events, with commentary. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 88.
  262. ↑ The Daily News Almanac and Political Register for 1914. 1913. p. 582. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  263. ↑ "Traditions Michigan National Championships". Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  264. ↑ "National Collegiate Men's Gymnastics Championships" (PDF). NCAA. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  265. ↑ Keith McCanless. "Iowa's First National Championship" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-05. Retrieved 2010-09-14. The Wolverines [in 1969] possessed the very best trampolinists in the world, two of which had previously each won individual world trampoline titles in consecutive years. ... The Wolverine's trampoline team [was] the strongest in the world[.]
  266. ↑ Arambawattage Rodrigo (1981). The History of Intercollegiate Volleyball in the United States from 1895 to the Present Day (PDF) (Thesis). The Ohio State University. p. 51-74. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-30.
  267. ↑ Frank Moore Colby, ed. (1914). The New International Year Book for the Year 1913. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 664. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  268. ↑ "Indiana University Alumni Quarterly". IX. Indiana University Alumni Association. 1922: 210. Retrieved 2010-04-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  269. ↑ "InterMat Rewind: 1953 Penn State". Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  270. ↑ The Penn State Wrestling Club (2008). A Century of Penn State Wrestling. pp. 18–21. ISBN 978-0-615-19200-0.
  271. ↑ "AAU Women's National Champions". Retrieved 2010-05-31.
  272. ↑ "Intercollegiate Team Championships Past Results". United States Bowling Congress. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  273. ↑ "NIWFA Team Champions". Retrieved 2010-05-26.
  274. 1 2 Dyer, Braven (1928-12-23). "George Washington Girls Clean Up". Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
  275. 1 2 3 "Tech Co-eds Set Mark to Win Third Title". Pittsburgh Press. May 9, 1937. p. Sports 2. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  276. ↑ Origins in World War I (curated display). University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State All-Sports Museum. 5 April 2017.
  277. ↑ "George Washington Team Wins". Christian Science Monitor. Feb 10, 1927. p. Sports 6. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  278. ↑ "Athletics at Monmouth College: From Humble Beginnings to Proud Tradition" (PDF). 2004. p. 10. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  279. ↑ "Private email from USRowing Communications Director, January 10, 2006, Indianapolis, Indiana".
  280. ↑ "2020 WASHINGTON ROWING RECORD BOOK" (PDF). University of Washington. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  281. ↑ "A rowing legend moves on". April 15, 1998. Archived from the original on September 25, 2004.
  282. ↑ "Nearly 150 years old, Yale crew embodies spirit of Eli sports". Yale Daily News. 2001-05-17. Archived from the original on 2006-02-15.
  283. ↑ "California Golden Bears Women's Crew". Archived from the original on 2011-07-08.
  284. ↑ "Proposal To Add Women's Rowing As A Varsity Sport, University Of Colorado, Boulder".
  285. 1 2 3 Tricard, Louise Mead (1996). American Women's Track and Field – A History, 1895 through 1980. Jefferson, North Carolina, U.S.: McFarland & Co., Inc.
  286. ↑ "National Women's Collegiate Champs". Retrieved 2009-09-02.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.