Presidential Complex
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Külliyesi
The Presidential Complex in Ankara
General information
Town or cityAnkara
Country Turkey
Coordinates39°55′51″N 32°47′56″E / 39.9308°N 32.7989°E / 39.9308; 32.7989
Opened29 October 2014
Cost~US$1.2 billion
Grounds150,000 sqm
Known forPresidential use

The Presidential Complex (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Külliyesi)[1] is the presidential residence of the Republic of Turkey. The complex is located in the Beştepe neighborhood of Ankara, inside the Atatürk Forest Farm.[2]

In accordance with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's "New Turkey" concept, it was envisaged that the Çankaya Presidential Mansion would become the prime ministerial complex and the president would move to the newly built palace. It was formally inaugurated as the official residence of the president by Erdoğan on the country's Republic Day, 29 October 2014.[3][4]

President Erdoğan proposed to call the new presidential residence Cumhurbaşkanlığı Külliyesi, referring to a traditional complex centered on a mosque.[5][3] This was formally adopted as the residence's official name on 3 July 2015.[6] The building cost was double the initial estimate of more than US$600 million.[7] The Presidential Complex is home to the country's largest library with five million books.[8]

History

The ground plan for the Presidential Complex started in 2011.[9] The Council of Ministers decided that the Gazi compound should be turned into an "Urban Transformation and Development Project Area" for the purpose of constructing a Prime Ministry Building in 2012. Soon after, the construction of the project started with the cooperation of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, the Ministry of Forestry, the Housing Development Administration TOKİ, Ankara Metropolitan Municipality and the Cultural and Natural Heritage Preservation Board.

On September 2, 2014, it was announced that the complex will function as the official residence of the Turkish Presidency, and that the Çankaya Mansion (the previous Presidential residence) will serve as the official residence of the Prime Minister.[10]

The inaugural opening of the complex was on the 91st anniversary of the founding of the republic of Turkey on October 29, 2014.[11]

The complex was bombed on 15 July 2016 as part of the failed coup d'état attempt.[12][13][14][15]

Design influences

The buildings inside the complex are designed in accordance with Seljuk and Ottoman architectural traits, forming a synthesis.[16] According to Turkish media, the design of one of the offices is based on the White House's oval office.[17]

Construction

The building was constructed inside the Atatürk Forest Farm (AOÇ), which was established by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1925. In 1937, President Atatürk, acting as the Mareşal, donated the farm to the state. In 1992 the farm was designated a first-degree protected site meaning that no construction should be done within its territory. On 4 March 2014, an administrative court in Ankara ordered the suspension of the palace's construction. The suspension order was supported by the Turkish Council of State on 13 March. Erdoğan ignored the decision, saying "Let them tear it down if they can. They ordered suspension, yet they can't stop the construction of this building. I'll be opening it; I'll be moving in and using it".[18]

Finance minister Mehmet Şimşek, quoted by Turkey's Hürriyet newspaper, said the construction cost of the palace would be 1.37bn ₺ ($615m), most of which had already been spent, but another $135m had been budgeted for it in 2015.[19][20] In December 2014, Turkey's state-owned Housing Development Administration (TOKİ) refused to divulge the actual construction cost on the grounds that releasing the information could hurt Turkey's economy, citing Article 17 of the Law on the Provision of Information. Tezcan Candan, head of the Turkish Chamber of Architects' Ankara branch, said the final cost could be over 5 billion lira.[21]

The government has been criticised for the presidential palace due to its high cost and lavish furnishings. Opposition parties have ramped up their objection to Turkey's presidential palace, set to cost more than half a billion US dollars.[22] The complex was pejoratively called Ak Saray (meaning "White Palace") as a reference to Erdoğan's Justice and Development Party (AKP). Due to its construction being barred by the courts yet continuing regardless and alleged corruption, it is regularly referred to by some opposition politicians and supporters as the Kaçak Saray (meaning "Illegal Palace").[23][24]

According to the Ankara branch of the Chamber of Architects, the cost of the imported window glass is more than TL 700 million. The figure, based on estimates provided by glass suppliers on the cost of glass with similar qualities, is about half of the total official cost of the entire palace, TL 1.37 billion. There was also controversy due to the extensive use of imported marble at Euro 3,000 per square meter. According to a statement released by the Ankara branch of the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB), Bizassa marble imported from Italy will be used to decorate pools, bathhouses, saunas, and spas within the palace. The presidential palace had a natural gas bill of TL 2.4 million between October 2014 and May 2015, according to records released to the public. TMMOB also claims that 63 elevators and a number of carpets in the palace cost a total of TL 31.2 million, while gold-inlaid glasses found at the palace reportedly cost TL 1,000 each.[25] Critics call the lavishness a waste of budgetary funds while Erdoğan has shrugged off the criticism, insisting that the palace, which he said will be called the "Presidential Complex", boosts Turkey's reputation.[24][26] As of 2023, the Turkish Presidential Complex spent 1.08 billion Turkish liras ($39 million) in the first six months of 2023 for public procurement, 20 times more than the entire year of 2022.[27]

On 10 July 2015, the Turkish Council of State found that the construction of the palace violated the law and ordered it to be vacated.[28] However, the Presidency has stated that the decision is ultra-vires, citing Article 105(2) of the Constitution, which reads "No appeal shall be made to any judicial authority, including the Constitutional Court, against the decisions and orders signed by the President of the Republic on his/her own initiative".[29]

First guests

The inaugural opening of the presidential residence was on the 91st anniversary of the Republic. On the occasion of the celebrations of the Republic Day, the president welcomed officials of all branches of the government.[11]

Pope Francis was the first head of state hosted at the new Presidential Palace on 28 November 2014, during his visit to Turkey.[30] Turkish architects had called on the Pope not to attend the ceremony at the "unlicensed" Presidential Complex.[31] On 1 December 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was the second foreign guest welcomed with a ceremony in front of the new palace.[32]

Exhibitions

On occasion of the Turkish Quit Smoking Day on the 9th February 2016, the palace hosted a collection of over 215 cigarette boxes, which Erdoğan had collected from people he compelled to quit smoking.[33] Erdogan is well known to be an anti-smoking activist and compelled politicians to quit smoking as well as ordinary people he met on the street.[33]

The "Presidency's Scissors collection" was announced as the largest scissors collection in the world in October 2022.[34][35] In it, about 800 scissors Erdogan had used in inauguration ceremonies were on display.[36] Erdogan began to collect inaugurational scissors in 2007, older ones were provided by project administrators.[36]

Buildings in the Presidential Complex

The complex consists of the main building and two support buildings to be used for meetings with visiting heads of state and dignitaries. It covers an area of 300,000 m2 (3,200,000 sq ft). Inspired by Seljuk architecture, the Presidential Complex has guesthouses, a botanical garden, a situation room with satellite and military communications systems, bunkers able to withstand biological, nuclear and chemical weapons attack, a park and a congress center. The complex employs high security measures with additional insulation against wiretapping. To prevent the planting of bugs, one of the offices in the complex has no electrical outlets.[4]

Şefik Birkiye was the lead architect of the complex.

Main buildings

Main Buildings of the Presidential Complex

Known as the Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sarayı, the Presidential Palace is the main building(s) of the Presidential Complex. Working Office for the president is situated in this building. The Palace has at least 1,150 rooms,[37] and a laboratory to detect nuclear, biological and chemical hazards which may be used as an attack against the President.[38][39]

Beştepe Millet Mosque

Located in the Presidential Complex, the mosque was opened to worship on July 3, 2015, with the participation of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The mosque has a capacity of roughly 3 thousand people to worship at the same time. The area of the mosque and its surroundings cover 5,177 square metres (55,720 sq ft). There are 4 minarets and the height of each minaret is 59.30 metres (194.6 ft). It reflects Turkish and Ottoman architecture.[40][41][42][43]

Presidential Library

A view of the Presidential Library from the highway
Interior of the Presidential Library

The Nation's Library of the Presidency[44] (Turkish: Cumhurbaşkanlığı Millet Kütüphanesi)[45] also referred to as the Presidential Library by common people, is the largest library in Turkey, with a collection of over four million books in 134 different languages, and 120 million articles and reports.[44] The Presidential Library, which has the largest incipient collection in the world, was officially inaugurated by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on February 20, 2020.[46] In addition to receiving a copy of materials printed in the country, as a depository library, the Presidential Library also receives books, in collaboration with the Foreign Ministry, from every country where Turkey has a diplomatic mission.[47] It is home to the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, compiled in 1072–74 by the Turkic scholar Mahmud Kashgari,[48] among many other manuscripts and rare books.[49]

Presidential Residence

The Presidential Residence inside the complex, is the official residence of the President of Turkey.[50] Before the building was completed, the presidents were using the Çankaya Mansion as the residence.

15 July Martyrs' Monument

The monument opposite the complex was built by the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality to symbolize the July 15 Military Coup attempt. The monument was opened on 16 July 2017 with the participation of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.[51] It consists of a total of 4 parts: one nation, one state, one homeland and one flag. The height of the monument is 31 metres (102 ft) and its total area is 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft). There are 7 human figures representing the citizens of 81 provinces, who fled to the streets on July 15. 7 people represent 7 geographical regions of Turkey. In the one homeland section, the names of 81 provinces are written.[52][53][54][55]

C4I bunker

The Presidential Palace complex is said to contain a top secret special operations command and control center housed in a secure bunker. The center has a 143 screen visual command center which correlates data obtained from UAVs, CCTV, TV and 3G transmissions from all 81 provinces of Turkey.[56][3] The Gendarmerie, Disasters and Emergencies Management Directorate, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK), Turkish Armed Forces and MIT can provide live feeds to the Presidential Command Center.[57][3] All data is archived in two special supercomputer servers to enable intelligence agencies to track back the paths of suspects. The Palace C4I system can target, track and follow individuals based on bio-metrics and any 2D image of the target being uploaded into the system.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Name of new Presidential complex announced". Daily Sabah. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  2. ↑ "October 29 Republic Day reception will be held in Beştepe". TRT English. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Ghulyan, Husik (2019). "The spatialization of Islamist, populist, and neo-Ottoman discourses in the Turkish capital under AKP rule". New Perspectives on Turkey. 61: 125–153. doi:10.1017/npt.2019.15. ISSN 0896-6346.
  4. 1 2 "New Presidential palace to be opened on Republic day". Daily Sabah. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  5. ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sarayı'nın adı "Cumhurbaşkanlığı Külliyesi" oluyor" (in Turkish). CNN Türk. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  6. ↑ "Kaçak Saray'ın adı resmen değişti". Birgun.net. 7 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  7. ↑ "Erdogan's new palace: curse or castle?". Al Arabiya.
  8. ↑ "Turkey's Largest Library Being Built Inside Presidential Complex". Hurriyet Daily News. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  9. ↑ "9 Soruda dünyanın dilindeki Saray". www.diken.com.tr. 9 November 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  10. ↑ "Erdoğan, Çankaya Köşkü'nü Ahmet Davutoğlu'ya verdi". Evrensel Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2 September 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  11. 1 2 "Cumhuriyetin Kuruluşunun 91. Yıl Dönümü Kutlu Olsun". www.tccb.gov.tr. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  12. ↑ "How Turkey's failed coup unfolded, hour by hour". AP NEWS. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  13. ↑ Şafak, Yeni (11 November 2020). "New footage shows FETÖ bombing presidential complex". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  14. ↑ "Renovated Ankara police HQ opens on coup anniversary". Anadolu Agency. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  15. ↑ "Turkey: Ankara's presidential palace bombed during attempted coup". YouTube. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  16. ↑ Çelikkan, Erdinç (4 October 2017). "Turkey's largest library being built inside presidential compound - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  17. ↑ Akinci, Burak (29 October 2014). "Erdogan to unveil Turkey's controversial new presidential palace". news.yahoo.com. AFP. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  18. ↑ "Erdogan's $350M presidential palace". Al Monitor. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  19. ↑ "Erdogan presidential palace cost soars for Turkey". BBC News. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  20. ↑ "Erdoğan's 'Ak Saray' likened to Alamut Castle, Ceausescu's Palace". Hurriyet Daily News. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  21. ↑ Divulging cost of Ak Saray would hurt Turkey's economy, housing administration says. Hurriyet Daily News, 3 December 2014.
  22. ↑ "Erdoğan's 'Ak Saray' likened to Alamut Castle, Ceausescu's Palace - POLITICS". hurriyetdailynews.com. 6 November 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  23. ↑ "Cumhuriyet Gazetesi - Orhan Bursalı: "Kaçak Saray ve Tarihsel Anlamı"". cumhuriyet.com.tr. 6 November 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  24. 1 2 "Imported marble for controversial palace attracts criticism". TodaysZaman. 15 April 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  25. ↑ "Ak Saray presidential palace racks up TL 2 mln gas bill". TodaysZaman. 12 May 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  26. ↑ "'Cost of Ak Saray's window panes a staggering TL 700 mln'". TodaysZaman. 18 February 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  27. ↑ https://www.duvarenglish.com/turkish-presidencys-public-procurement-budget-surges-20-fold-in-first-half-of-2023-compared-to-entire-2022-news-62922
  28. ↑ "'Kaçak Saray'ın kaçacak yeri kalmadı' - Cumhuriyet Türkiye Haberleri". Cumhuriyet.com.tr. 7 October 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  29. ↑ https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
  30. ↑ "As it happened: Pope Francis in first day of historic visit to Turkey". Hurriyet Daily News. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  31. ↑ "Turkish architects call on Pope Francis not to attend ceremony at 'unlicensed' Ak Saray". Hurriyet Daily News. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  32. ↑ "T.C. CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI : Rusya Devlet Başkanı Putin Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sarayı'nda". tccb.gov.tr. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  33. 1 2 "Cigarette packages collected by Erdoğan exhibited at the Presidency". Gazete Duvar. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  34. ↑ "Presidential Scissors Collection highlights 'Century of Türkiye'". Daily Sabah. 28 October 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  35. ↑ "President Erdoğan's post on "Presidency's Scissors Collection"". wt.iletisim.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  36. 1 2 "Scissors Erdoğan used over 18 years on display in presidential palace". Ahval. 10 December 2021.
  37. ↑ "Erdogans Protz Palast noch viel protziger" (in German). Bild. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  38. ↑ Yeginsu, Ceylan (4 March 2015). "In Turkey, Testing the President's Food Not for Taste, but for Poison". The New York Times – via www.nytimes.com.
  39. ↑ "Experts to ensure Erdoğans food safety at Presidential Palace". DailySabah. 3 March 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  40. ↑ "İşte detaylarıyla Beştepe Millet Camii". Takvim. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  41. ↑ "Beştepe Millet Camii İbadete Açıldı". 3 July 2015. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  42. ↑ "İşte Beştepe Millet Camii'nin şifreleri". Karar. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  43. ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan, Beştepe Millet Camiini açtı". Mynet. 3 July 2015. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  44. 1 2 "Turkey's largest library to be disabled-friendly". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  45. ↑ Millet Kütüphanesi
  46. ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanlığı Millet Kütüphanesi aziz milletimize, şehrimize, ülkemize ve tüm dünyaya hayırlı olsun. #MilletKütüphanesi". T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  47. ↑ "Turkey's largest library being built inside presidential compound". Hürriyet Daily News. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  48. ↑ Kemal H. Karpat, Studies on Turkish Politics and Society:Selected Articles and Essays, (Brill, 2004), 441.
  49. ↑ "Başkan Erdoğan Millet Kütüphanesinin açılışını yaptı ve duyurdu! Önemli eserler burada görülebilecek". Sabah. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  50. ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanlığı Sarayı kompleksinin havadan çekilmiş fotoğrafları yayınlandı" (in Turkish). 24 May 2016.
  51. ↑ "15 Temmuz Şehitler Abidesi Anıtı" (in Turkish). Ensonhaber. 16 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  52. ↑ "İstanbul ve Ankara'ya '15 Temmuz Şehitler Abidesi Anıtı' açılacak" (in Turkish). Yeni Şafak. 10 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  53. ↑ "İşte 15 Temmuz Şehitler Abidesi" (in Turkish). Sözcü. 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  54. ↑ "İstanbul ve Ankara'da '15 Temmuz şehitler' anıtı açılacak" (in Turkish). Anadolu Ajansı. 10 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  55. ↑ "Cumhurbaşkanlığı, '15 Temmuz Şehitler Abidesi'nin mimari bilgilerini paylaştı" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. 10 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  56. ↑ "'Big Brother' to move into Erdogan's palace - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. 13 March 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  57. ↑ Müjgan Yağmur. "Saray 77 milyonu izleyecek". Taraf Gazetesi. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
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