This is a list of pretenders to the throne of the Duchy of Parma, which was ruled by the House of Bourbon-Parma until 1859, when the ducal family escaped after the Italian national insurrection linked to the Second Italian War of Independence.

List of pretenders

Name and tenure	Portrait	Birth	Marriage(s)	Death
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1859–1907		9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of France	(1) Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children (2) Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 63
Henry of Bourbon-Parma 1907–1939		13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66
Joseph of Bourbon-Parma 1939–1950		30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75
Elias of Bourbon-Parma 1950–1959		23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children	27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79
Robert (II) Hugo of Bourbon-Parma 1959–1974		7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias of Bourbon-Parma and Maria Anna of Austria	never married	25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65
Xavier of Bourbon-Parma 1974–1977		25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal	Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children	7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87
Carlos (IV) Hugo of Bourbon-Parma 1977–2010		8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier of Bourbon-Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset	Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children	18 August 2010 Barcelona aged 80
Carlos (V) of Bourbon-Parma since 2010		27 January 1970 Nijmegen son of Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands	Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel 12 June 2010 Wijk bij Duurstede (civil) 3 children	incumbent

References

• "Reale e Ducale Casa di Borbone". Retrieved 23 June 2017.