Al Qadarif القضارف Gadaref, Gadarif or Qadārif
State
Seal
Location in Sudan.
Coordinates: 14°0′N 35°0′E / 14.000°N 35.000°E / 14.000; 35.000
Country	Sudan
Region	Eastern Sudan States Coordinating Council
Capital	Al Qadarif
Government
• Governor	vacant
Area
• Total	75,263 km2 (29,059 sq mi)
Population  (2018)
• Total	2,208,385[1]
Time zone	UTC+2 (CAT)
HDI (2017)	0.457[2] low

Al Qadarif (Arabic: القضارف Al Qaḍārif), also spelt Gedaref or Gadarif, is one of the 18 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 75,263 km² and an estimated population of approximately 2,208,385 (2018 est).^[3] Al Qadarif is the capital of the state; other towns include Doka and Gallabat. It includes the disputed Al Fushqa District.

Demographics

Gedaref State in Sudan is home to a diverse population composed of various ethnic groups, including representatives of different tribes. Additionally, individuals from regions outside Sudan, such as Eritreans, Ethiopians, Yemenis, Somalis, Chadians, Egyptian Copts, Armenians, Kurds, and more, contribute to this multicultural tapestry. This intricate social structure has evolved as a consequence of historical migrations that transpired during the period of Turkish rule and the Mahdist revolution, as well as shifts in the state's agricultural practices.

The state is natural geographical area on the slopes of the Ethiopian plateau and descend towards the rivers, valleys and creeks loaded with water as well as enjoying the state with land of clay soil fertile and interspersed with some hills.

A distinction can be made between the three geomorphic regions:

• High land in the south east of the state on the Sudan-Ethiopia border, as well as some mountains and isolated chains of hills.
• Plains, characterized by mud-flat lands and simple regression, and form appearance Altobgrave mostly in the state.
• Valleys area, dominated by land-sedimentary around seasonal rivers (the Atbara River, State, Rahad River and the Islam)

Agriculture

The state is characterized by land suitable for agriculture, and the largest projects for rainfed agriculture in Sudan, a mechanism that agriculture machine used in various stages of production such as tractors and combine harvesters rely on rainfall rain, Otojd in the state silos to store grain with large capacity. It also has the largest market for private crop sesame crops, and sorghum. The state is considered important for food security in Sudan's strategic center, so agriculture is the economic activity and often rely on rain for irrigation, as well as associated with agriculture and trade, including the border with Ethiopia and Eritrea trade in services. With the introduction of the machine in agriculture in 1945 expanded the agricultural area until it reached 71,621,33 kilometers, while armed amounted to 2376563 forest five kilometers and contribute to the production of gum arabic from Sudan. The distribution of agricultural areas on the following areas: Belt dry Agriculture: is approximately 1.62792 million acres and is located in the north of line with rates ranging between 500 and 600 mm rain zone. Featuring Ptrepettha mud and lack of valleys and creeks and practiced mechanized farming in the form of a large sprawling fields. Belt rainfed agriculture: the area of about 2,962.620 acres and range from a rainfall of 550 to 600 mm, the type of clay soil and permeate the home coves flat plains Mmaaada part adjacent to the River Rahad where it is exposed to Vidhanat.autamars where rain-fed agriculture in the form of large fields and other small about Alqryz and there are forests Reserve. Water basins area: The area of about 1.58034 million acres, and permeate its soil Gedaref Hills series (tippers, gouge bees and Mount QNA) where water descends towards the clay soil land and water available. Belt and mixed farming area of about 1.3924 million acres. Protected areas: The total land area of about 176 630 acres Watershed protected waters, and an area of about 878 180 acres.

The most important agricultural projects in the state are:

The Agricultural projects in this region primarily depend on rain-fed irrigation and rainfall. Notable projects encompass Um Settat, sesame cultivation, Alvhqh, Labadi, and various others. The Rahad Agricultural Project utilizes irrigation from the Rahad River and the blue Nile River for both agricultural and industrial purposes.^[4]

The most important crops are sesame, maize, millet, Gum arabic and sunflower and horticultural crops such as lemon, watermelon and vegetables such as tomatoes and okra, squash and others.

Forests

Within Gedaref State, there are approximately 11 designated forest reserves, primarily characterized by the prevalence of Acacia trees, which yield Gum arabic. Additionally, there exist 31 other forest reserves, similarly dominated by Acacia trees, with these forested areas spanning in size from 100 to 800 acres.

Livestock

Livestock estimated in Gedaref State about 5 million head of cattle various factions and builds up to 7 million head in the rainy season when seasonal pasture available to the mandate and pilgrimage destination Shepherds their animals from the neighboring States in pursuit of pasture and water.

Industry

Industry in the state depend on agricultural products Kalsemsm, peanuts and sunflower Therefore, we find the most important industries represented in oils, soap and sweets industry. The factories are concentrated in the city of Gedaref. We are no workshops for the installation of tractors and harvesting combines and other agricultural machinery along with lathes that provide some spare parts and repair parts for machinery and rehabilitation service.

Services

Vegetable market in Gedaref

Storage and processing of crops in grain silos and other stores.

Cities

Gedaref serves as the state capital and the central hub for the state government, governor's office, and commercial activities. It provides essential urban services. Acanthosis, and the largest market for livestock and quarry state veterinarian. FAO, embracing presidency Rahad agricultural project also overlooking the road transit from Khartoum to Port Sudan. Alhawwath, which is the capital of the province of Rahad and mediates gardener production area and going through the railway line heading towards Port Sudan across the city of Kassala. Dawkah, the capital of the province of tippers and mediating agricultural production areas in the southeastern part of the state. Tippers, it located on the Sudan-Ethiopian border and a center for cross-border trade to Ethiopia and across to all of Somalia and Djibouti in the event of Aaktmal continental road. Gouge bees, and is located near the tourist Dinder National Park Reserve, one of the most promising cities after the discovery of signs of mineral wealth is in gold ore and natural gas. Cottage cheese, one of the state's border localities.

Localities

• El-Gadarif (capital)
• Fao
• Al-Hawwata
• Doka
• Gallabat
• ُShowak, El-Fashaga
• Gala-elnahal
• Basonda
• Elgorisha
• Wasat Elqadarif

References