Qatar Investment Authority
TypeSovereign wealth fund
Founded2005 (2005)
Headquarters
Doha
,
Qatar
Key people
Mansoor Bin Ebrahim Al-Mahmoud (CEO)[1]
Sheikh Bandar bin Mohammed bin Saoud Al-Thani (Chairman)
AUMIncrease US$475 billion (2023)
OwnerState of Qatar
SubsidiariesHarrods, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation, Air Harrods, QNB Group, Barwa Group (45%), Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company, Qatar Holding LLC, Linx Cargo Care Group, Hassad Food, Filmyard Holdings (2010-2016), Future French Champions SAS, Q REIT Holding, Qatar Asset Management Co, Qatar Railways Development, Ascott Serviced Residence (Global) Fund, Qatar Dubai Investments, OCS Investments, Katara Hospitality
Websitewww.qia.qa

The Qatar Investment Authority (QIA; Arabic: جهاز قطر للإستثمار) is Qatar's sovereign wealth fund.[2] The QIA was founded by the State of Qatar in 2005 to strengthen the country's economy by diversifying into new asset classes. In October 2023, the QIA has an estimated $475 billion of assets under management.[3]

The QIA's structure and decision-making procedures have been characterized as non-transparent.[4][5] However, according to Global SWF’s 2022 Governance, Sustainability & Resilience of State-Owned Investors Scoreboard, QIA is becoming more transparent and sustainable. Spending decisions regarding the fund have been linked to the emir and the prime minister (regardless of whether they sit on the board of the fund).[6]

History and profile

The QIA was founded in 2005 by the then-emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, to manage the oil and natural gas surpluses of the government of Qatar.[7] As a result of its stated strategy to minimize risk from Qatar's reliance on energy prices, the fund predominantly invests in international markets (United States, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and within Qatar outside the energy sector. Prior to establishment of the QIA in 2005, Qatar's Ministry of Finance had a small in-house team to invest revenue from budget surpluses.[8] The Qatar National Vision 2030 foresees the shift from natural gas based revenue to QIA-type investments between now and then.[9]

The QIA wholly controls Qatari Diar, a property investment company.[10] The QIA does not publish its holdings to the market.

In June 2013, after the new emir's arrival to power, and a general reshuffle of Qatar's main organizations, Ahmad Al Sayed was appointed as QIA's chairman and chief executive officer, replacing Hamad bin Jassim Al Thani in the post[11] while also remaining managing director and CEO of QIA's main subsidiary, Qatar Holding.[12] Sayed held the post for 16 months. In January 2015, Sheikh Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Saud Al Thani, chairman of Qatari telecommunications company Ooredoo, was appointed as CEO and served until 2018.[13] From July 2022, Mansoor Ebrahim Al-Mahmoud has held the position of CEO of the company.[1] In March 2023, Sheikh Bandar bin Mohammed bin Saoud Al-Thani was appointed chairman and replaced his predecessor, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, who was named as the country’s Prime Minister, in addition to his long-standing role of Minister of Foreign Affairs.[14]

The fund is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds.[15]

Qatar Investment Authority has more than half of its assets invested in private equity and listed shares as it chases higher returns for 2021.[16] According to Bloomberg, QIA has increasingly targeted start-ups in growth markets, such as Asia and the US. It has invested in indoor farming and firms that make plant-based meat alternatives.[17]

Subsidiaries

Qatar Investment Authority owns 100% of Qatar Holding LLC, and it also owns 50% of Qatar National Bank. QIA is affiliated with Qatar Islamic Bank (16.67%) and with Ubac Curaçao NV (1.35%).[18]

Investments

In January 2013, one writer pegged the QIA investment in Britain at €30 billion, France at €10 billion and Germany at €5 billion,[9] while another reported that the total assets under management in June 2013 was on the order of $100 billion.[19] Qatar Holding's stake in Barclays rose to 12.7% following Barclays' capital raising in October 2008.[20] Qatar Investment Authority holds a small stake in Fisker Automotive. It also holds about 17% stake in the Volkswagen Group, Porsche, Hochtief,[21] as well as investments in Sainsbury's.[22] The French government has made of Qatar a strategic partner, and the list of partnerships between the two states includes Lagardère (12%) Total (4%), EADS (6%), Technip, Air Liquide, Vinci SA (5%), GDF Suez, Veolia (5%), Vivendi, Royal Monceau, France Telecom and Areva.[9][21][23] In February 2009, France accorded special beyond-OECD investment privileges to Qatar and its state-owned enterprises; one example is capital gains exemptions in France.[23] The QIA is also reported to hold part of Xstrata.[19]

On 8 May 2010, Qatar Holding, an indirect subsidiary of QIA, purchased the Harrods Group from Mohamed Al-Fayed, including the Knightsbridge department store.[24] QIA are also the largest shareholder in Sainsbury's.[25] On 3 December 2010, Qatar Investment Authority, along with Colony Capital and Tutor-Saliba Corporation, was part of an investment group known as Filmyard Holdings, which purchased Miramax from Disney.[26]

In February 2012, it completed the acquisition of Credit Suisse's headquarters in London. QIA holds a 6% stake in Credit Suisse and owns shares in Apeldoorn, the majority owner of Canary Wharf Group. Qatari Diar, a property arm of the fund, along with Canary Wharf, won a £300mn deal to redevelop the Shell Centre in London, the former London headquarters of Royal Dutch Shell.[27] The French government has offered tax exemptions for Qatari real estate investments in the country and have acquired almost $4 billion of property.[28] In May 2012, it acquired a stake below 3% in Royal Dutch Shell. It has announced a plan to raise its stake to 7%.[29] In late 2012 Qatar Sports Investments (QSI) completed a buyout of the French football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. (P.S.G.), which valued the club at $130 million.[28] QSI invested a further $340 million in the club, they had bought the Paris Saint-Germain Handball team the previous year.[28] The Qatari president of P.S.G., Nasser Al-Khelaifi is also the director of Qatari owned television network Al Jazeera Sports, which launched French television channels beIN Sport. Qatar has also offered to finance social programs in French suburbs, which has attracted criticism.[28]

In November 2012, QIA and Cassa Depositi e Prestiti signed the starting agreement of IQ Made in Italy Venture, a four-year cooperation to promote Made in Italy in Qatar's Arabic partners and to push them to invest in Italian economic sectors like fashion, luxury, design, food, tourism, lifestyle & leisure.[30][31][32]

In January 2013, Qatar Holding, an indirect subsidiary of QIA, said it would invest $5 billion into petrochemical projects in Malaysia in three to four years. The investment was said to help Malaysia compete with neighbouring Singapore to become the region's top petrochemical hub.[33] The QIA was planning to invest $200 million in residential property in India through Kotak Realty Fund in late December 2013.[34] In August 2018, Qatar Investment Authority signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to invest up to $500mn in tourism in Indonesia.[35]

In October 2014 Qatar Investment Authority signed an agreement with CITIC Group Corp to launch a $10 billion fund to invest in China[36] The QIA announced its intention to invest $35b in the US during the next five years, starting in September 2015.[37]

Via Mannai Corporation, it is currently in a process of acquiring the French computer science group GFI.[38] In 2021, QIA with its subsidiary unit - Locus Engineering Management and Services Co. W.L.L. is investing in a sub-Saharan African renewable energy platform being led by Enel Green Power.[39]

During the 2021 St Petersburg Economic Forum, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani highlighted Qatar's solid historic relations with Russia and announced that his country will increase investments in the Russian Federation. He also called on Russia's private sector and the world to explore Qatar's promising business environment in many projects and several spheres.[40] In March 2021, QIA became a minority investor in Coveo, the cloud-based search, recommendations, and personalization company.[41]

On 23 January 2023, Qatar Investment Authority has doubled its stake in Credit Suisse Group, becoming the second-biggest shareholder and underlining the growing importance of Middle Eastern investors to the ailing Swiss bank.[42][43]

Qatari Diar

Logo of Qatari Diar

Qatari Diar is a real estate company established by the Qatar Investment Authority in 2005 with headquarters in Lusail.

By 2011 the company had stakes in Vinci SA, a firm employing 183,000 in 100 countries; in the utility Suez Environnement and in Veolia Environnement (4.6%, sold in 2018).[44] That same year Qatari Diar bought the Port Tarraco Marina in Tarragona, Spain.[45] Early in 2012 the company had 49 projects in the planning or development stage in Qatar and in 29 countries around the world.[46] The company owns The Shard, a skyscraper in London designed by Renzo Piano and the publicly funded Olympic village also known as East Village, London;[47] and the former Royal Dutch Shell plc headquarters.[48] In January 2013 it became known that the company had put on hold a redevelopment project of Chelsea Barracks worth around GBP 3 billion.[49] During the same month Qatari Diar pulled out of the bidding for the development of the site of Athens' former international airport Ellinikon.[50]

Mayor Vincent C. Gray (District of Columbia) announced in early 2013 that he will travel to Qatar to promote the flow of global capital to the district. Qatari Diar is said to back CityCenterDC with around US$700 million.[51] Representatives of Qatari Diar attended an investment conference hosted by the Peruvian Foreign Investment Authority.[52]

In April 2023, the company sold its 22 per cent stake in the build-to-rent developer Get Living, which owns the Olympic Village in East London.[53] It sold its shares to Aware Super, an Australian pension fund.[53]

Recent developments

Property Investments in London

Canary Wharf Group Investment Holdings, which is majority owned by Qatar Holdings, is London's largest property owner, with almost 21.5m sq ft of space on its books, according to data from the research firm Datscha.[54]

In addition to its investments with Canary Wharf, Qatar Investment Authority owns the site of the Chelsea Barracks and The Shard.[54]

Heathrow Airport

Qatar Investment Authority is a major shareholder in Heathrow Airport, holding 20 percent of the airport. In 2017, the company invested a further £650 million (US$807 million).[55]

Islamabad Airport

QIA will be taking over Islamabad Airport in Pakistan.[56]

Volkswagen

Bloomberg estimated that in September 2015 Qatar Investment Authority lost $5.9 billion on paper from its stakes in Volkswagen and Glencore after the carmaker admitted to using an illegal software to cheat on emissions tests in the U.S.[57] By holding 17% of Volkswagen's ordinary stock and 13% of preferred shares, Qatar's sovereign-wealth fund is the third largest investor shareholder in the firm.[57][58]

QIA is also the largest investor in Glencore (8.2%), a mining company.

Barclays

Since 2008 dealings between Qatar Holding LLC and Barclays were investigated by the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) for suspicious cash-raising practices during the global financial crisis.[59] Allegedly, Barclays received €7.5 billion ($8.2 billion) cash injection from QIA's subsidiary but did not inform its shareholders.[59] Barclays was charged with failing to act with integrity and breaching disclosure rules for UK listed companies.[60]

Moreover, in 2011 both the Serious Fraud Office and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) investigated Barclays' €2.4 billion ($2.7 billion) secret transaction with a Politically Exposed Person (PEP) from Qatar whose identity remains protected by the financial giant and FCA.[60] In that case, Barclays failed to conduct "due skill, care, and diligence" at the base of Britain's anti-money laundering rules.[61] As a result, the UK financial watchdog meted out a record €92 million ($104 million) penalty against the financial giant.[61]

Upsurge of Qatari investments in New York and D.C.

In early 2015, the QIA announced its intent to "invest $35 billion in the U.S. over the next five years" in various sectors of the economy.[62] Sheikh Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Saud Al Thani, chief executive of QIA, told U.S. officials in December 2016 that it plans to invest $10 billion in infrastructure projects inside the U.S., although he specified no time frame. It is unclear whether this amount is intended to be part of the previously mentioned $35 billion, or if it is a new initiative.[63]

New York

QIA has purchased $3.78 billion in Manhattan properties since 2014, including 111 West 33rd Street, 501 Seventh Avenue and 250 West 57th Street.[64]

QIA owns a 44% stake in its partnership with Brookfield Property Partners on a new mixed-use development delivering in 2019 that will include five separate buildings.[65] In August 2018, Brookfield signed a 99-year lease on Jared Kushner's financially troubled 666 Fifth Avenue skyscraper. The deal raised suspicions that the Qatar Investment Authority, a major investor in Brookfield, was attempting to influence the Trump administration.[66][67]

In April 2015, the Permanent Mission of the State of Qatar purchased four apartment units for roughly $45 million at a development within the United Nations Plaza.[68]

In January 2014, the Qatari government bought a 20,500-square-foot townhouse for $100 million in Manhattan's Upper East Side, to be redeveloped into its consulate. From 2012 to 2013, Qatar's prime minister at the time, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, purchased $285 million in apartments in Manhattan.[69]

Washington, D.C.

As of 2013, QIA was one of the major financiers of a recent development known as CityCenterDC, as it invested $650 million into the project.[70]

Controversies

Sunday Telegraph's campaign

In October 2007 the British newspaper Sunday Telegraph launched a two-month long campaign, called "Stop the Funding of Terrorism", to stress Qatar's persistent negligence in countering terrorist finance and actively supporting terrorist entities and enterprises in the Middle East.[71]

On 14 June 2020, The Telegraph apologized for claiming the Qatar Charity (QC), as a terrorist organization.[72] The Telegraph admitted that, there is no evidence to support the claim that the Qatar charity or its trustees currently support or have ever funded any terrorist or extremist group. Qatar Charity's categorization as a terrorist organization had "no legal standing in the UK," according to the Charity Commission, which also verified that it has no open cases involving Nectar. We apologized to provide clarification and extend our apologies to Qatar Charity and its trustees for any inconvenience or embarrassment caused.[73]

Middle East Eye found in its investigation that Sunday Telegraph's campaign coincided with efforts by the newspaper owners, David and Frederick Barclay, battling for ownership of three five-star Mayfair hotels Claridge's, The Berkeley and The Connaught.[74] Qatari royal Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber al-Thani was the Barclay brothers' opponent, and he ultimately prevailed when in April 2015 the Qatar Investment Authority adjudicated the purchase of the three London hotels.[75]

The Telegraph denied any allegation of editorial interference by David and Sir Frederick Barclay. Qatar denied the Telegraph's claims. Qatar stated that being a Muslim investment authority did not necessarily mean they supported ISIL.[76]

The nation agreed to stop supporting the Muslim Brotherhood, expelled Brothers who were not citizens from its territory, and would not shelter any people from GCC countries in order to avoid undermining relations with the Gulf during the period of 2014–2017, when Qatar appeared to be in compliance with counter terrorism and destroying its support to Islamist rebel groups.[77] The State of Qatar is the second largest donor to the United Nations Trust Fund for Counter terrorism out of a total of 35 other donors, it was revealed on March 27, 2022, during the Fourth High-Level Strategic Dialogue between the State of Qatar & the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Office (UNOCT).[78]

Qatar Islamic Bank (QIB)

Qatar Investment Authority's affiliation with Qatar Islamic Bank (16.67%) raises concerns about the extent to which the sovereign wealth fund may be or have been involved in some of the bank's activities. In a September 2015 piece, the Consortium Against Terrorist Finance (CATF) discussed the Sharia-compliant financial giant's correspondents and posited that several QIB's correspondents "have controversial histories of affiliation with or support of terrorist or extremist activities".[79] According to US Department of States country reports on terrorism 2019, the Qatari government drafted new AML/CFT legislation, which was finalized and passed into law on September 11, 2019. This legislation included the country forming National Anti-Terrorism Committee. The NATC is tasked with formulating Qatar's Counter Terrorism policy, ensuring inter agency coordination, fulfilling Qatar's obligations to counter terrorism under international conventions, and participating in multilateral conferences on terrorism. According to this reporting, U.S. officials met regularly with the chairman of the NATC to discuss implementation of the CT MOU and overall CT cooperation.

Also, The Qatar State Security Bureau (SSB) maintained an aggressive posture toward monitoring internal terrorism-related activities. Qatar is also a member of the Defeat-ISIS Coalition's CIFG and the TFTC. The country co-hosted a high-level event promoting the power of sport to prevent and counter terrorist radicalization and recruitment on the margins of UN General Assembly in September 2019.[80]

There has also been findings regarding counter terrorism measure taken by Qatar in the report published by United Nations on 27 March 2022, during the Fourth High-Level Strategic Dialogue between the State of Qatar & the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) where the two bodies discussed strategic priorities and collaboration for effective United Nations support to Member States on counter-terrorism. The two sides reaffirmed their strong partnership and discussed opportunities for further collaboration against terrorism. The State of Qatar is the second largest contributor to the United Nations Trust Fund for Counter-Terrorism out of a total 35 other donors.[81]

Among the most concerning QIB's correspondents marked by CATF are:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Leadership". www.qia.qa. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  2. ↑ "Qatar's $450 Billion QIA Gets New Chairman After Cabinet Changes". Bloomberg. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  3. ↑ "Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) - Sovereign Wealth Fund, Qatar - SWFI". www.swfinstitute.org. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  4. ↑ Spegele, Brian (4 November 2014). "Qatar's Sovereign-Wealth Fund to Invest at Least $15 Billion in Asia". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  5. ↑ "Gulf sovereign wealth funds among world's least transparent". TRT World. 7 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  6. ↑ Galani, Una (2 October 2012). "Qatar's sovereign funds: A guide for the perplexed". Reuters. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  7. ↑ Bahgat, Gawdat (2008). "Sovereign wealth funds: dangers and opportunities". International Affairs. 84 (6): 1189–1204. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00764.x.
  8. ↑ "Qatar Investment Authority (QIA)". Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute.
  9. 1 2 3 Cohen, Philippe (11 January 2013). "Ils ont livré la France au Qatar". Marianne (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  10. ↑ Kollewe, Julia (14 June 2010). "Qataris enjoy rich pickings in London property". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  11. ↑ Hall, Camilla; Kerr, Simeon & Hammond, Ed (2 July 2013). "New Qatar emir shakes up sovereign wealth fund". Financial Times. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  12. ↑ "Changes: New CEO at Qatar Investment Authority". Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. 12 March 2014.
  13. ↑ Wright, Gilly (9 January 2015). "Qatar Investment Authority: Al-Thani To Head Sovereign Wealth Fund". Global Finance Magazine. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  14. ↑ "Qatar's $450 Billion QIA Gets New Chairman After Cabinet Changes". Bloomberg. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  15. ↑ "IFSWF Our members". International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  16. ↑ Arnold, Tom (14 October 2020). "Qatar Investment Authority bets big on private and public equity - CEO". Reuters. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  17. ↑ "Qatar's $450 Billion Wealth Fund Shifts From Trophies to Tech". Bloomberg. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  18. ↑ Carp, Sam (10 December 2018). "PSG's Qatari owners tap Neymar to promote QNB". SportsPro.
  19. 1 2 Bollier, Sam (26 June 2013). "Can Qatar replace its renaissance man?". Al Jazeera.
  20. ↑ Jeffery, Erica (12 May 2014). "Barclays' Qatari capital-raising timeline". Euromoney. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018.
  21. 1 2 "Qatar: "S'ils pouvaient, ils achèteraient la Tour Eiffel"" [Qatar: "If they could, they would buy the Eiffel Tower"]. L'Obs (in French). 7 April 2013.
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  23. 1 2 Roger, Patrick (21 February 2009). "La France accorde une exonération d'impôts aux avoirs du Qatar" [France grants tax exemption to Qatari assets]. Le Monde (in French).
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  25. ↑ "Major Shareholders". Sainsburys. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
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  28. 1 2 3 4 Sayare, Scott (27 October 2012). "Qatar Becoming a Player in French Sports". The New York Times. p. 1.
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  30. ↑ Navas, Christiane (21 November 2012). "Le Qatar soutient financièrement le "made in Italy"" [Qatar financially supports "made in Italy"]. EconoStrum (in French). Retrieved 29 May 2021.
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  32. ↑ Sorbini, Lorenzo (24 January 2016). "FSI Investmenti at cutting edge of Arab-Italian ventures". The Italian Insider.
  33. ↑ "Qatar to invest $5b in Malaysia projects". Investvine. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  34. ↑ Shah, Aditi (24 December 2013). "Qatar Fund in talks to invest $200 million in Indian realty". Live Mint. Mumbai. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  35. ↑ "QIA to invest $500mn in Indonesia tourism". Gulf Times. 1 August 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  36. ↑ Spring, Jake (4 November 2014). "Qatar's wealth fund to launch $10 billion investment fund with China's CITIC". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  37. ↑ "Qatar: with London under its belt, QIA sets its sights on The Big Apple". Al Bawaba. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  38. ↑ Filippone, Dominique (23 November 2015). "GFI bientôt racheté par les Qataris de Mannai Corporation" [GFI soon to be acquired by Qataris from Mannai Corporation]. Le Monde Informatique (in French).
  39. ↑ "Enel and Qatar Investment Authority Partner on Developing Renewables in Sub-Saharan Africa". Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  40. ↑ "Qatar to increase investments in Russia". Prensa Latina. 5 June 2021.
  41. ↑ "Coveo Welcomes Global Investor QIA to Its Shareholder Base". Coveo. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  42. ↑ "Qatar Investment Authority doubles stake in Credit Suisse". Financial Times. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  43. ↑ "Qatar Investment Authority raises stake in Credit Suisse to just under 7 per cent | Cyprus Mail". cyprus-mail.com/. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  44. ↑ Daneshku, Scheherazade (July 2012). "Qatari investors near French hotels deal". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  45. ↑ Smith, Chelsea (15 July 2011). "Qatari Diar buys super yacht marina Port Tarraco Marina in Tarragona, Spain". Charter World.
  46. ↑ "About". Qatari Diar. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  47. ↑ Hatherley, Owen (12 February 2013). "The Shard: beacon of the left's skyline". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  48. ↑ Kaur, Sharen (29 January 2013). "Qatar Holding plans to invest in Pengerang". Business Times. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  49. ↑ Milmo, Cahal (28 January 2013). "£3 billion Qatari Diar redevelopment of Chelsea Barracks put on hold as UK economy stalls". The Independent. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  50. ↑ Dabilis, Andy (16 January 2013). "Qatar Gives Up on Hellenikon Bid". Greek Reporter. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  51. ↑ Neibauer, Michael (6 February 2013). "Gray eyes procurement, regulatory reforms in State of the District". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  52. ↑ "Peru's investment opportunities attracts Qatar's firms". Andina. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  53. 1 2 Howard, Tom. "Stake sale for Olympic village owner Get Living". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  54. 1 2 Curry, Rhiannon (17 March 2017). "Qataris own more of London than the Queen". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022.
  55. ↑ "Qatar agrees to new $807m investment in Heathrow airport". Arabian Business. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  56. ↑ "Qatar could win management rights to Pakistan's Islamabad airport as part of broader deal". September 2022.
  57. 1 2 Stein, Charles (28 September 2015). "Qatar Fund Loses $5.9 Billion on Holdings in VW, Glencore". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  58. ↑ Grandhi, Kedar (28 September 2015). "VW scandal: Qatar Investment Authority suffers heavy loss". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  59. 1 2 "Barclays 'offered deal' by Serious Fraud Office over Qatar probe". International Business Times UK. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  60. 1 2 CATF Reports (2 December 2015). "Qatar & Barclays' Big Game Hunting Leads to FCA Penalties". Consortium Against Terrorist Finance. Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  61. 1 2 Dunkley, Emma; Binham, Caroline (26 November 2015). "Secretive Barclays deal involved Qatari clients". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
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  65. ↑ Brenzel, Kathryn (6 September 2016). "Middle Eastern investors pumped $6.5B into NYC real estate over 18-month period". The Real Deal. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  66. ↑ Levin, Bess (12 February 2019). "Qatar Shocked, Shocked to Learn It Accidentally Bailed out Jared Kushner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  67. ↑ Vandevelde, Mark (5 February 2020). "Brookfield: inside the $500bn secretive investment firm". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  68. ↑ Moses, Claire (9 April 2015). "Qatar buys four units at Zeckendorf's 50 UN Plaza for $45M". The Real Deal. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
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  70. ↑ Fisher, Marc (17 December 2013). "Qatar is suddenly investing heavily in the U.S., bankrolling D.C.'s City Center, other projects". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
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  72. ↑ "Revealed: Woman killed during jihadi prison attack worked for British charity boss". The Telegraph. 20 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  73. ↑ Reporters, Telegraph (14 June 2020). "An Apology - The Nectar Trust". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  74. ↑ Donaghy, Rori (15 June 2015). "Was a London property dispute behind a Telegraph campaign against Qatar?". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
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  76. ↑ "Report: UK's Telegraph targeted Qatar over hotels". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  77. ↑ "Will Qatar's Relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood Change after Gulf Reconciliation?". Washington Institute. 3 February 2021.
  78. ↑ "Fourth High-Level Strategic Dialogue between the State of Qatar & UNOCT". United Nations. 27 March 2022.
  79. 1 2 "Should QIB be judged by the company it keeps?". Consortium Against Terrorist Finance. 10 September 2015. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  80. ↑ "Country Reports on Terrorism 2019: Qatar". US Department of states. 2019.
  81. ↑ "Fourth High-Level Strategic Dialogue between the State of Qatar & UNOCT | Office of Counter-Terrorism". www.un.org. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
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