A raven is any of several larger-bodied passerine bird species in the genus Corvus. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens. Names are assigned to different species chiefly based on their size.
The largest raven species are the common raven and the thick-billed raven; these are also the largest passerine species.
Etymology
The term "raven" originally referred to the common raven (Corvus corax), the type species of the genus Corvus, which has a larger distribution than any other species of Corvus, ranging over much of the Northern Hemisphere.
The modern English word raven has cognates in all other Germanic languages, including Old Norse (and subsequently modern Icelandic) hrafn[1] and Old High German (h)Raban,[2] all of which descend from Proto-Germanic *hrabanaz.[3]
The collective noun for a group of ravens is an "unkindness".[4] In practice, most people use the more generic "flock".[5]
Extant species
- Corvus albicollis – White-necked raven (eastern and southern Africa)
- Corvus corax – Common raven (Northern Hemisphere)
- Corvus coronoides – Australian raven (Australia)
- Corvus crassirostris – Thick-billed raven (Horn of Africa)
- Corvus cryptoleucus – Chihuahuan raven (United States and Mexico)
- Corvus mellori – Little raven (southeastern Australia)
- Corvus rhipidurus – Fan-tailed raven (eastern Africa and Arabian peninsula)
- Corvus ruficollis – Brown-necked raven (northern Africa, Arabian peninsula, greater Middle East)
- Corvus tasmanicus – Forest raven (Tasmania, southern Victoria and north-east New South Wales in Australia)
Extinct species and morphs
- †Corvus moriorum – Chatham raven
- †Corvus antipodum – New Zealand raven
- †Corvus corax varius morpha leucophaeus – Pied raven (extinct morph of common raven)
Gallery
Head of a common raven
Common ravens
A raven with a damaged wing. It can still fly with ease.
See also
References
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary entry for "raven".
- ↑ Simpson, J.; Weiner, E., eds. (1989). "Raven". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
- ↑ "Raven". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
- ↑ Lipton, James (1991). An Exaltation of Larks. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-30044-0.
- ↑ "Google Ngram Viewer". books.google.com. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
External links
- Raven videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- North American ravens on eNature