A rishama (rišama; riš-ama) or rishema (Classical Mandaic: ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡌࡀ, lit. ''head/leader of the people''; Modern Mandaic: rišammā;[1] Arabic: ريشما; Persian: ریشا اد اما) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism.[2] It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks.[3] The next ranks are the ganzibra and tarmida priests (see Mandaean priest).

In Iraq, the current rishama is Sattar Jabbar Hilo.[4][5][6] In Australia, the Rishama and head of the Mandaean community is Salah Choheili.[7]

Etymology

The Mandaic term rišama is derived from the words riš 'head' and ama 'people'. Although the term for the Mandaean daily minor ablution is also spelled the same in written Classical Mandaic (rišama), the word for 'minor ablution' is pronounced in Modern Mandaic as rešāmā, while 'head priest' is pronounced rišammā.[1]

Notable rishama or patriarchs

Pre-20th century

20th and 21st centuries

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.
  2. ↑ "His Holiness Sattar Jabbar Hilo – Global Imams Council". Global Imams Council. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  3. ↑ Al-Saadi, Qais Mughashghash; Al-Saadi, Hamed Mughashghash (2012). Ginza Rabba: The Great Treasure. An equivalent translation of the Mandaean Holy Book. Drabsha.
  4. ↑ "Leader of the world's Mandaeans asks for help". Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker e.V. (GfbV). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  5. ↑ "برئاسة الريش امة ستار جبار حلو، كجةجي يلتقي وفد من طائفة الصابئة المندائيين". cese.iq. 2014. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  6. ↑ "الريشما ستار جبار حلو رئيس ديانة الصابئة المندائيين". Mandaean Library مكتبة موسوعة العيون المعرفية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
  7. ↑ "Harmony Day - Liverpool signs declaration on cultural and religious harmony". Liverpool City Champion. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  8. ↑ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people (PDF). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
  9. ↑ Gündüz, Şinasi. "The problems of the nature and date of Mandaean sources". Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  10. ↑ "Rishamma Salah Choheili: July 2016, Chapter 1". The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
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