Robert Warren Spike (November 13, 1923 – October 17, 1966) was an American clergyman, theologian, and civil rights leader.

Early life

Spike was born in Buffalo, New York and educated at Denison University, Union Theological Seminary, Columbia University, and Colgate-Rochester Divinity School. He began his career as pastor at the mainline Protestant Judson Memorial Church on Washington Square in Greenwich Village in 1949, reviving the social activism of this famous urban church.[1] During his tenure there neighborhood kids played basketball in the church's ramshackle gym and an interracial, international residence for students was established. Spike also helped to create an art gallery where artists such as Claes Oldenburg, Allen Kaprow and Jim Dine could exhibit their, then unconventional, work.[2]

Civil rights

In 1958 Spike left his parish ministry to take on a national role as General Secretary of the United Church Board For Homeland Ministries. In 1963 he was appointed the executive director of the National Council of Churches’ Commission on Religion and Race, which became an important arm of the Civil Rights Movement. Anna Arnold Hedgeman joined his staff there as a Coordinator of Special Events. Through Spike’s efforts Protestant churches participated significantly in the March on Washington in August 1963. Spike worked with Bob Moses to set up the Freedom Summer project.[3][4]

Death

In January 1966 Spike took a position as Professor of Ministry and Director of the Doctor of Ministry Program in the Divinity School at the University of Chicago. Less than a year after assuming his post in Chicago, Spike was bludgeoned to death at Ohio State University in Columbus on October 17, 1966.[5] No one was ever tried for his murder; after a systematic review some church sources believe that he was assassinated.[3] Police investigations attempted to link Spike's murder with his bisexuality.[3][6]

Upon learning of Rev. Spike's death, Martin Luther King Jr. was quoted as stating, "He was one of those rare individuals who sought at every point to make religion relevant to the social issues of our time. He lifted religion from the stagnant arena of pious irrelevancies and sanctimonious trivialities. His brilliant and dedicated work will be an inspiration to generals yet unborn. We will always remember his unswerving devotion to the legitimate aspirations of oppressed people for freedom and human dignity. It was my personal pleasure and sacred privilege to work closely with him in various undertakings."[7]

Spike's son, Paul Robert Spike is an American author, editor and journalist best known as the author of the 1973 memoir Photographs of My Father about the murder of his father, in 1966.

Works and publications

  • In but not of the world : a notebook of theology and practice in the local church. New York Association Press. 1957.
  • Safe in bondage : an appraisal of the church’s mission to America. Friendship Press. 1960.
  • To be a man. New York Association Press. 1961.
  • Civil rights involvement : model for mission : a message to churchmen. Detroit Industrial Mission. 1965.
  • The freedom revolution and the churches. New York Association Press. 1965.

References

  1. ↑ "Judson Memorial Church". Retrieved 12 Apr 2015.
  2. ↑ Remembering Judson House. New York: Judson Memorial Church. 2000. pp. 279–280. ISBN 9780970293503.
  3. 1 2 3 Findlay, James F. (1993). Church people in the struggle : the National Council of Churches and the black freedom movement, 1950-1970. Oxford University. ISBN 0195079671.
  4. ↑ "Freedom Summer, 50 years on". Retrieved 12 Apr 2015.
  5. ↑ "Columbus NewsIndex". Retrieved 12 Apr 2015.
  6. ↑ Spike, Paul (1973). Photographs of my father. Knopf. ISBN 0394473345.
  7. ↑ Rhetoric, religion and the civil rights movement, 1954-1965. Waco, TX: Baylor University. 2006. p. 668. ISBN 9781932792546.

Further reading

  • Hedgeman, Anna A. (1977). The gift of chaos : decades of American discontent. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195021967.
  • Young, Andrew (2008). An easy burden : The civil rights movement and the transformation of America. Baylor University. ISBN 9781602580732.
  • Branch, Taylor (1988). America in the King years. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671460978.
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