Archdiocese of Vancouver

Archidioecesis Vancouveriensis[1]
The Coat of Arms of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver
Location
Country Canada
TerritorySouth West British Columbia
Ecclesiastical provinceVancouver
Statistics
Area119,439 km2 (46,116 sq mi)
Population
- Catholics
477,792[2] (17.8%)
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established14 December 1863 (1863-12-14)
CathedralHoly Rosary Cathedral (Vancouver)
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopJ. Michael Miller, CSB
SuffragansJoseph Phuong Nguyen
Bishop of Kamloops
Gregory Bittman
Bishop of Nelson
Stephen Jensen
Bishop of Prince George
Gary Gordon
Bishop of Victoria
Website
rcav.org
Holy Rosary Cathedral in Vancouver, British Columbia

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver (Latin: Archidioecesis Vancouveriensis) is a Roman Catholic Latin archdiocese that includes part of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Holy Rosary Cathedral, dedicated to the diocesan patron saint Our Lady of the Rosary, in Vancouver, B.C.

The incumbent ordinary of the archdiocese is Archbishop J. Michael Miller, CSB.

Ecclesiastical province

The Archbishop of Vancouver is the Metropolitan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Vancouver, which also includes as suffragan dioceses :

Archdiocesan statistics

As per 2022 archdiocesan Annual Report, it pastorally serves 446,670 Catholics on approximately 120,000 km2. The archdiocese contains 77 parishes, 204 priests, 91 religious sisters, 34 permanent deacons and 446,670 baptized Catholics. There are 52 Catholic schools and 4 higher education institutions.[3]

Anniversaries of significance to the archdiocese

  • October 3 – Anniversary of the Dedication of Holy Rosary Cathedral (1953)[4][5]
  • October 7 – Solemnity of the Holy Rosary, patronal feast of both the archdiocese and the cathedral[6][7]
  • December 14 – Anniversary of the establishment of the Vicariate Apostolic of British Columbia (1863)[8][9]

History

Precursor

On 24 July 1846, the Diocese of Vancouver Island was erected on territory split off from the Apostolic Vicariate of Oregon (based in the US Oregon Territory; now Diocese of Victoria).

Holy Rosary Cathedral pipe organ

Oblates of Mary Immaculate years

On 14 December 1863, the Apostolic Vicariate of British Columbia was erected on territory split off from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. A French priest, by the name Louis-Joseph D'Herbomez, from the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, became the first Vicar Apostolic of the newly formed territory. He was soon ordained Titular Bishop of Miletopolis in 1864 and served the Catholic community until his death in 1890.

On 2 September 1890, the pre-diocesan Apostolic Vicariate of British Columbia becomes the Diocese of New Westminster. Another Oblate of Mary Immaculate French Bishop, Pierre-Paul Durieu, took over the responsibilities and served the community until his death in 1899.

On July 27, 1894, during his tenure, the US Territory of Alaska was lost in the creation of the Apostolic Prefecture of Alaska.

Another French Bishop, Augustin Dontenwill, took governance of the Diocese of New Westminster in 1899 and served the community until he resigned, to become the Superior General of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, in 1908. Under his tenure the Holy Rosary Church was commissioned.

Under the Archdiocese of Victoria

In 1903, the Diocese of Vancouver Island was elevated to Archdiocese of Vancouver Island and in 1904, it was renamed as the Archdiocese of Victoria. A German-born bishop, Bertram Orth, was appointed archbishop in 1903 and led the Archdiocese of Victoria and its suffrages until he resigned in 1908.

On 19 September 1908, the Diocese of New Westminster was elevated to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Vancouver[1] and in October, 1908, the Archdiocese of Victoria was lowered to the Diocese of Victoria. Father Alexander MacDonald, of Nova Scotia, was quickly appointed and ordained Bishop of Victoria.

The Canadian bishops

For just over one year the Archdiocese of Vancouver had no bishop until Neil McNeil, Bishop of St. George's, Newfoundland, became the first appointed Canadian Archbishop of Vancouver on 19 January 1910. His tenure was short, as he then went on to become the Archbishop of Toronto on 10 April 1912.

August, 1912, Timothy Casey, Bishop of Saint John in America, New Brunswick, becomes the 5th archbishop of Vancouver. In 1914, what is now called World War I broke out, and Archbishop Casey had to battle hard financial times for the archdiocese. Under his governance, Holy Rosary Church became a cathedral. He served his community until his death in October 1931.

The "Iron Duke" years

August 1928, a priest from Saint John, New Brunswick, became coadjutor archbishop of Vancouver, and on 5 October 1931, Bishop William Mark Duke became Archbishop of Vancouver. In his 32 years of service to his community, Archbishop Duke had to deal with the Great Depression of the Dirty Thirties and later World War II. His strict disciplinarian beliefs and financial management of the archdiocese earned him the title “Iron Duke”. The legacy that was left behind when Archbishop William Mark Duke retired in March 1964 is impressive. He helped establish St. Mark's College at the University of British Columbia, 2 Catholic high schools, 1 non-diocese Catholic high school, 22 Catholic elementary schools and 3 Catholic hospitals including many new parishes in the diocese alone.

During his tenure the archbishopric lost territory twice, to establish suffragan sees : on February 22, 1936, the Diocese of Nelson was erected and on December 22, 1945, the Diocese of Kamloops. These new dioceses helped erect a new high school, new elementary schools & parishes.: Lost territory to establish Diocese of Nelson

The bishop of Nelson, Martin Michael Johnston, became Coadjutor Archbishop of Vancouver, in 1954, to assist Archbishop Duke during Duke's last 10 years of governance. Bishop Johnston became Archbishop of Vancouver on 1964 and retired in 1969. During Archbishop Johnston's tenure, the Vicariate of Prince Rupert was elevated to Diocese of Prince George, in 1967.

Project Advance years

Auxiliary Bishop James Carney became Archbishop of Vancouver in 1969. Carney became the first Vancouver-born bishop to be appointed to the archdiocese. During his tenure Carney saw the need to rebuild many of the parishes, schools and hospitals that were showing their age. Project Advance was introduced into the community that required the parishes to raise funds. These funds went back into the community to help rebuild their parishes & schools and also to build new facilities, like Archbishop Carney Regional Secondary School, which was built in the archbishop's honour after he died in 1990.

It enjoyed a Papal visit from Pope John Paul II in August 1984.[10]

Archdiocesan synod

The archdiocese concluded a nine-year synod in December 2006. Lay and religious representatives from every parish, Catholic school, religious community, the local seminary, and Catholic organizations took part, as well as non-Catholic observers who were invited to the process.

Although it formally ran from October 2002 to October 2003, extensive preparation went into the synod as far back as 1998 during the period leading up to the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000. The synod's aim was to bring the Church of Vancouver into the 21st century, from the “maintenance” mode it was in to more of a mission-driven model, as former archbishop emeritus Adam Exner, OMI, put it.

On December 3, 2006, at Holy Rosary Cathedral, Archbishop Raymond Roussin officially declared the synod closed, officially setting in motion the initiatives proposed.

According to the archdiocesan newspaper The B.C. Catholic, the first 20 declarations from the synod were to come into effect almost immediately. "Among the highlights are initiatives to encourage pastors to delegate more duties to the laity, to promote the faith formation of teachers, to initiate an adult faith formation strategy, to establish an office and vicar for evangelization, and to initiate a support group for priests."

Current situation

The Archdiocese is now working in a significant infrastructure upgrade. This includes seismic upgrades to many churches and schools.[11] Their vision is focused on intentionally helping people experience God's merciful love through four key ways: Making Every Sunday Matter, Getting Closer to Jesus, Strengthening Marriages and Families, and Developing Parish Leadership and Support. The Archdiocese of Vancouver is considered to be among the most conservative of Canada.[12]

Indigenous relations

In 2013, the Archdiocese of Vancouver issued an Expression of Apology and Hope to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada over its role in implementing the Canadian government's residential schools system.[13] All records held by the Archdiocese of Vancouver regarding residential schools were submitted to the TRC, and they remain available for review. The TRC approved of the submission made by the Archdiocese, and Archbishop Michael Miller addressed the Commission in September 2013 at the Pacific Coliseum.[14]

In June 2015, the Archdiocese repeated its "sincere and heartfert apology for the role that the Church played in the federal government's policy which involved foribly separating children from their families and placing them in residential schools".[15] In June 2021, the Archdiocese issued a formal apology to First Nations over its role in the genocidal residential schools system, with Archbishop J. Michael Miller stating that "the Church was unquestionably wrong in implementing a government colonialist policy which resulted in devastation for children, families and communities."[16]

Catholic Schools in the Archdiocese of Vancouver have worked with local Indigenous leaders to build bridges to a deeper understanding of history and a clearer path towards reconciliation. Following the TRC Calls to Action, Points 61.1 to 61.5, the Archdiocese of Vancouver is involved in projects honouring Indigenous art, music, and language preservation and revitalization, and looks forward to more opportunities to create understanding, empathy, and respect.[17]

In February 2022, the Archdiocese of Vancouver pledged $2.5 million over five years to the Indigenous Reconciliation Fund, which seeks to support projects that are determined locally, in collaboration with First Nations, Métis and Inuit partners.[18] Funds will be focused on projects and programs that respond to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action #60, 61, and 73–76, which called for healing and reconciliation for communities and families, survivor-directed work related to cemetery sites of former residential schools, and language, culture, education, and community support.[18]

Sex abuse

In the fall of 2018 following the disclosure of global sexual abuse by clergy and on the advice and prompting of some victim-survivors as well as many others searching for justice, Archbishop J. Michael Miller, CSB, appointed a Committee to conduct a file review of historical cases of sexual abuse by clergy who served or resided in the Archdiocese of Vancouver.[19]

In 2019, the Archdiocese of Vancouver released a Report on Clergy Sexual Abuse, with 31 recommendations and responses. The report publicly named nine clergymen who were criminally convicted of sexual abuse or who had civil lawsuits related to abuse settled against them.[20][21] It was also acknowledged that the archdiocese was aware of 36 sex abuse cases since the 1950s, which involved 26 children.[20] The Archdiocese of Vancouver was the first among Canada's 60 Catholic dioceses to make this information public.[20]

In August 2020, a new sex abuse lawsuit was filed against the Archdiocese of Vancouver.[22] The lead plaintiff, identified only by the initials K.S. in the court documents, said the priest in charge of St. Francis of Assisi School, Father Michael Conaghan, sexually assaulted her while she was a student at the school in the '80s.[22] She was around 11 years old at the time of the alleged abuse.[22] Conaghan, who died four days after the lawsuit was filed, was not among the nine clergy listed by the Archiocese in 2019.[22]

In December 2020, the Archdiocese of Vancouver settled more sex abuse cases involved three additional priests who sexually abuse 13 previously undisclosed victims.[23] The three priests named were also not previously listed on the Archdiocese of Vancouver's credibly accused list.[23]

Coat of arms

The precious mitre (headgear), featured at the top, is a standard for diocesan armorial bearings.

Charges on the Escutcheon[24]

Escutcheon meaning the shield featured in heraldry.

Heraldic Rose

The heraldic rose on the top left symbolizes Holy Rosary Cathedral’s dedication to Our Lady of the Holy Rosary.

Pacific Dogwood

The Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) on the top right is the floral symbol of the province British Columbia.

Chi-Rho

Chi-Rho ⳩ is the Greek monogram for Christ. Formed by superimposing the first two letters of the Greek word ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ meaning Christ.

Three Chevrons

The three chevrons represent the North Shore Mountains that overlook Vancouver. The mountains depicted are intended to represent the Hollyburn, Grouse and Seymour mountaintops.

The Barque of St. Peter

The Barque of St. Peter, the ship, symbolises the church. On the escutcheon it is depicted as casting a net into the ocean referencing Matthew 4:18-19:

"As he walked by the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon who is called Peter and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen. And he said to them, “Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.”" (RSV)

Leadership

Ordinaries

Augustin Dontenwill, the last Bishop of New Westminster and first Archbishop of Vancouver
J. Michael Miller has been Archbishop of Vancouver since 2009.

Below is a list of individuals who have led the Archdiocese of Vancouver and its antecedent jurisdictions since its founding.[25]

Apostolic Vicars of British Columbia

Bishops of New Westminster

Archbishops of Vancouver

Coadjutor archbishops

Under the Code of Canon Law, the coadjutor bishop has the right of succession (cum jure successionis) upon the death, retirement or resignation of the diocesan bishop he is assisting.[26][27][28] All coadjutor ordinaries eventually succeeded to become head of the Archdiocese of Vancouver or its antecedent jurisdictions.

  • Pierre-Paul Durieu (1875–1890), as coadjutor apostolic vicar
  • Augustin Dontenwill (1897–1899), as coadjutor bishop
  • William Mark Duke (1928–1931)
  • Martin Michael Johnson (1954–1964)
  • J. Michael Miller (2007–2009)

Auxiliary bishops

Unlike coadjutors, auxiliary bishops do not have the right of succession, per canon 975, §1 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law.[26] Only Carney went on to become Archbishop of Vancouver.

Other priests of this archdiocese who became bishops

Seven priests from the archdiocese subsequently became bishops of other dioceses outside of Vancouver.[32] The first year listed in brackets indicates the year they were ordained as a priest for the archdiocese.[33] This list omits Carney; though he was a priest for the archdiocese from 1942 until 1966, he subsequently became auxiliary bishop of the same archdiocese in 1966, and Archbishop of Vancouver in 1969.[30]

Churches

The churches offer masses in the following languages: Arabic, Chinese (Cantonese), Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, English, French, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Korean, Laotian, Traditional Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Spanish, Tagalog and Vietnamese.

Education

Catholic high schools

Aerial View of the Archdiocese's new Archbishop Carney Secondary School in the early 1990s
School City Est. Website Enrollment
Holy Cross Regional High School Surrey 1982 http://www.holycross.bc.ca/ ~780 (co-ed)
St. Thomas Aquinas Regional Secondary School North Vancouver 1953 http://www.aquinas.org/ ~600 (co-ed)
Archbishop Carney Regional Secondary School Port Coquitlam 1994 http://www.acrss.org/ ~750 (co-ed)
St. Patrick's Regional Secondary Vancouver 1928 http://www.stpats.bc.ca/ ~500 (co-ed)
St. Thomas More Collegiate (non-diocese) Burnaby 1960 http://www.stmc.bc.ca/ ~660 (co-ed)
St. John Brebeuf Regional Secondary Abbotsford 1992 http://www.stjohnbrebeuf.ca/ ~335 (co-ed)
St. John Paul II Academy White Rock 2018 https://www.sjp2academy.com/ ~N/A
Notre Dame Regional Secondary School Vancouver 1953 http://www.ndrs.org/ ~600 (co-ed)
Traditional Learning Academy Coquitlam 1991 http://traditionallearning.com/
Vancouver College (non-diocese) Vancouver 1922 http://www.vc.bc.ca/ ~600 (boys)
Little Flower Academy (non-diocese) Vancouver 1927 http://www.lfabc.org/ ~470 (girls)
Convent of the Sacred Heart high school closed 1979. Now it is St. George's Junior School
  • The Seminary of Christ the King, Mission, BC, is 1 of 2 Canadian high school seminaries. The other is located in Cornwall, Ontario.
  • The Convent of Sacred Heart High School was an all-girls school, in Vancouver, opened in 1911.[42] The school was closed down in 1979[42] and sold to become St. George's School (Vancouver) junior school.
  • Marian High School was an all girls school run by the Sisters of Charity of St. Louis. It was located in Burnaby BC, adjacent to St. Michael's Parish. It opened in 1965 and was closed by the archdiocese in 1988.

Catholic elementary schools

School City Est. Website
Assumption School Powell River 1961 http://www.assumpschool.com/
Blessed Sacrament Vancouver 1954 http://www.ess.vancouver.bc.ca/
Cloverdale Catholic Surrey 1954 http://ccsunited.ca/
Corpus Christi Vancouver 1957 http://www.corpuschristi-school.ca
Holy Cross Burnaby 1959 http://www.holycrosselementary.ca/
Holy Trinity North Vancouver 1955 http://www.holytschool.org/
Immaculate Conception Delta 1959 http://www.icdelta.com/
Immaculate Conception Vancouver 1926 http://www.icschoolvancouver.com/
Our Lady of Fatima Coquitlam 1947 http://www.fatimaschool.ca/
Our Lady of Good Counsel Surrey 1957 http://www.ourladyofgoodcounselschool.ca/
Our Lady of Mercy Burnaby 1959 http://www.ourladyofmercy.ca/
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Vancouver 1927 http://www.olphbc.ca/
Our Lady of Sorrows Vancouver 1926 http://www.ourladyofsorrows.ca/
Our Lady of the Assumption Port Coquitlam 1982 http://www.assumptionschool.com/
Queen of All Saints Coquitlam 1996 http://www.queenofallsaintsschool.ca/
Sacred Heart Delta 1944 http://www.shsdelta.org/
St. Andrew's Vancouver 1937 http://www.standrewschool.ca/
St. Anthony of Padua Vancouver 1997 http://www.stanthonyofpaduaschool.ca/
St. Anthony's West Vancouver 1958 http://www.saswv.ca/
St. Augustine's Vancouver 1921 http://www.staugschool.ca/
St. Bernadette's Surrey 1986 http://www.stbernadetteparish.ca/
St. Catherine's Langley 1986 http://www.stcatherines.ca/
St. Edmund's North Vancouver 1911 http://www.stedmunds.ca/
St. Francis de Sales Burnaby 1954 http://www.stfrancisdesalesschool.ca/
St. Francis of Assisi Vancouver 1946 http://sfaschool.ca
St. Francis Xavier Vancouver 1940 http://www.sfxschool.ca/
St. Helen's Burnaby 1923 http://www.sthelensschool.ca/
St. James Abbotsford 1985 http://www.stjameselementary.ca/
St. Joseph's Vancouver 1922 http://www.stjoesschool-vancouver.org/
St. Joseph the Worker Richmond 1988 http://stjo.richmond.bc.ca/
St. Jude's Vancouver 1955 http://www.stjudevancouver.com/
St. Mary's Chilliwack 1948 http://www.saintmarysschool.ca/
St. Mary's Vancouver 1931 http://www.stmary.bc.ca/
St. Matthew's Surrey 2012 http://www.stmatthewselementary.ca/
St. Michael's Burnaby 1957 http://www.stmichaelschool.ca/
St. Patrick's Maple Ridge 1955 http://www.stpatsschool.org
St. Patrick's Vancouver 1922 http://stpatselementary.net/
St. Paul's Richmond 1960 http://www.stpaulschool.ca/
St. Pius X North Vancouver 1996 http://www.saintpius.ca/
Star of the Sea White Rock 1981 http://www.starofthesea.bc.ca/school/
Vancouver College Vancouver 1922 http://www.vc.bc.ca/
  • St. Ann's Academy, of Vancouver (located by Holy Rosary Cathedral), was open 1888 & closed 1946.
  • St. Ann's Academy, of New Westminster, was open 1865 & closed 1968.
  • St. Peter's School, of New Westminster, was open 1945 & closed in 1968.
  • Holy Ghost School, of Lulu Island, was opened 1947 & closed in 1955.
  • In 1982, Little Flower Academy closed its elementary section of the school.[43]

Catholic universities, colleges, and seminaries

Abbey church
Church of Westminster Abbey
at the Seminary of Christ the King

At present there are no Catholic universities, but, as per Archdiocesan Synod, there are plans to build one in the future.

College City Est. Website Enrollment
St. Mark's College (UBC) Vancouver @ University of British Columbia 1956 http://www.stmarkscollege.ca/ ~30 (co-ed)
Corpus Christi College (UBC) Vancouver @ University of British Columbia http://www.corpuschristi.ca/ (co-ed)
Catholic Pacific College Walnut Grove Campus & Glover Road Campus in Langley, BC 1999 https://www.catholicpacific.ca/ (co-ed)
Seminary of Christ the King Mission 1931 http://www.sck.ca/ (men only)

Religious institutes

Cemeteries

The Gardens of Gethsemani Cemetery & Mausoleum (Est. 1965), 15800 - 32nd Avenue, Surrey, B.C.

Charitable organizations

Health care

St. Vincent's Heather is built on the old site of St. Vincent's Hospital.

On March 31, 2000, St. Paul's Hospital, Holy Family Hospital, & CHARA Health Care Society were consolidated into one legal entity and formed Providence Health Care, with eight sites in the city of Vancouver.

Although the archdiocese is responsible for the creation of the hospitals and care facilities. It no long has direct control of these facilities as they are governed by a board of directors, the Congregation of Sisters & Providence Senior Leadership Team. Providence Health Care continues to provide Catholic health care.

Providence Health Care is presently developing the Legacy Project, which is to renew St. Paul's Hospital into a state-of-the-art research and teaching facility.

Hospital City Est. Religious institute Beds
St. Paul's Hospital (Vancouver) Vancouver 1894 the Sisters of Providence 500
St. Vincent's Hospital (Vancouver) Vancouver 1939 the Sisters of Charity 650
Mount Saint Joseph Hospital (1946) Vancouver 1921 the Missionary Sisters 208
Holy Family Hospital Vancouver 1947 the Sisters of Providence 218
Youville Residence Vancouver 1931 the Grey Sisters

    Shelters

    • Catholic Charities Men's Hostel - Emergency shelter for men.
    • Columbus Towers - Low rent housing for seniors
    • Missionaries of Charity - housing for single pregnant mothers.
    • St. Michael's Centre - extended care beds & hospice beds. (144 beds)

    Social support

    • Apostleship of the Sea - Provides services to visiting international seafarers.
    • Catholic Charities Justice Services - Prison visitation & re-integration programs.
    • Society of St. Vincent de Paul - visiting the sick and assistance to families.
    • The Door is Open - A safe drop-in centre for the homeless.

    See also

    Notes

    Publications

    • The Archdiocese publishes a weekly newspaper called The B.C. Catholic (founded in 1931).

    References

    1. 1 2 In sublimi, Litterae Apostolicae, Dioecesis Neo-Westmonasteriensis in Archidioecesim erigitur Vancouveriensem denominandam., d. 19 m. Septembris a. 1908, Pius PP. X September 19, 1908 letter from Vatican Secretary of State declaring seat of Diocese of New Westminster transferred to City of Vancouver (Latin)
    2. ↑ Catholic hierarchy - Archdiocese of Vancouver (Statistics section) - Retrieved April 23, 2009
    3. ↑ "Archdiocese of Vancouver Annual Report". rcav.org. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    4. ↑ "Throwback Thursday: Holy Rosary Cathedral edition". The B.C. Catholic. Vancouver. October 2, 2019. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
    5. ↑ "October 3rd Feast of the Dedication of Cathedral". Holy Rosary Cathedral. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. September 29, 2018. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
    6. ↑ "Solemn Mass for the Feast of the Holy Rosary". Holy Rosary Cathedral. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. 29 September 2019. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
    7. ↑ "Readings for Mass" (PDF). Holy Rosary Cathedral. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. October 7, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
    8. ↑ McNally, Vincent J. (2000). The Lord's Distant Vineyard: A History of the Oblates and the Catholic Community in British Columbia. University of Alberta Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780888643469.
    9. ↑ "A focus on vocations to the priesthood – Particular Church of Vancouver". Abbotsford: St. Ann’s Roman Catholic Church. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
    10. ↑ "Archdiocese of Vancouver, Canada". GCatholic. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
    11. ↑ "Infrastructure Renewal Project Brief". Archdiocese of Vancouver.
    12. ↑ Todd, Douglas. "Contrasting two B.C. Catholic dioceses – De Roo and Exner". Vancouver Sun.
    13. ↑ "Expressions of Apology and Hope" (PDF). Archdiocese of Vancouver. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    14. ↑ "First Nations Questions and Answers". Archdiocese of Vancouver. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    15. ↑ "Expressions of Apology and Hope" (PDF). Archdiocese of Vancouver. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    16. ↑ "Vancouver Catholic Archbishop apologizes to Indigenous communities for church's role in residential schools". CBC News.
    17. ↑ "First Nations Questions and Answers". Archdiocese of Vancouver. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    18. 1 2 "Archdiocese of Vancouver commits $2.5 million to Indigenous efforts". The B.C. Catholic. February 10, 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    19. ↑ "2019 Report on Clergy Sexual Abuse". Archdiocese of Vancouver. November 25, 2019. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    20. 1 2 3 "Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver names 9 clergymen in sex abuse scandal". CBC News.
    21. ↑ "Archdiocese releases report on Vancouver sexual abuse cases". The B.C. Catholic. November 22, 2019. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
    22. 1 2 3 4 "Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver covered up systemic abuse, silenced survivors for decades, lawsuit claims".
    23. 1 2 Mangione, Kendra (December 14, 2020). "Sex abuse settlement report: 3 more Vancouver priests named, 13 more victims came forward". CTV News. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
    24. ↑ "Archdiocesan Information Coat of Arms". Archdiocese of Vancouver.
    25. ↑ "Former Bishops". RCAV.org. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
    26. 1 2 "Code of Canon Law – Book II, Part II, Section II, Title I". Holy See Press Office. Holy See. January 25, 1983. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
    27. ↑ Van Hove, A. (1913). "Bishop". In Charles George Herbermann (ed.). The Original Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Robert Appleton Company. p. 581. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
    28. ↑ Agnew, Paddy; McGarry, Patsy (May 5, 2012). "Vatican may appoint bishop to aid Brady". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
    29. ↑ "The Most Reverend E.Q. Jennings" (PDF). Roman Catholic Diocese of Thunder Bay. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
    30. 1 2 "Archbishop James Carney". RCAV.org. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
    31. ↑ "Bishop Lawrence Sabatini of Kamloops Retires". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. September 1, 1999. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
    32. ↑ "Priestly Fraternity – Source of Bishops". Office of Vocations. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    33. ↑ "Vocations Ordination Dates – Bishop and Active Diocesan Priests by Date of Ordination". RCAV.org. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    34. ↑ "Archbishop Mallon". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Regina. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    35. ↑ "New Bishop for Kamloops". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. January 6, 2002. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
    36. ↑ "Fall Institute 2019". RCAV.org. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. 2019. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020. As a retired priest, he continues to be actively involved in replacement ministry and chaplaincy duties for the Archdiocese of Vancouver.
    37. ↑ "Archbishop Richard Gagnon Biography". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Winnipeg. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    38. ↑ "Father Gary Gordon appointed Bishop of Whitehorse". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. January 4, 2006. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    39. ↑ "Appointment of new Bishop for Prince George". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. January 3, 2013. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    40. ↑ "Msgr. Mark Hagemoen appointed Bishop of Mackenzie – Fort Smith". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. October 15, 2013. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    41. ↑ "New Bishop appointed for Kamloops". Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. June 1, 2016. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
    42. 1 2 Religious of the Sacred Heart - Retrieved May 15, 2009
    43. ↑ British Columbia Archival Union List - Retrieved May 15, 2009
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