Lord Ronald Gower
Portrait of Lord Ronald Gower by Henry Scott Tuke, 1897
Member of Parliament
for Sutherland
In office
1867–1874
Preceded byDavid Dundas
Succeeded byMarquess of Stafford
Personal details
Born
Ronald Charles Sutherland-Leveson-Gower

(1845-08-02)2 August 1845
Died9 March 1916(1916-03-09) (aged 70)
Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK
Political partyLiberal
RelationsSee Leveson-Gower family
Parent(s)George, 2nd Duke of Sutherland
Lady Harriet Howard
EducationEton College
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge

Lord Ronald Charles Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (2 August 1845 – 9 March 1916), was a British sculptor, best known for his statue of Shakespeare in Stratford-upon-Avon. He also wrote biographies of Marie Antoinette and Joan of Arc, as well as serving as Liberal Member of Parliament for Sutherland. He was accused by the Prince of Wales of “unnatural practices” and was one of several society figures implicated in the Cleveland Street Scandal, where a male brothel was raided by police.

Early life

Born on 2 August 1845, he was the youngest son of eleven children, seven daughters and four sons, born to George, 2nd Duke of Sutherland (and 20th Earl) by his wife Lady Harriet Howard.[1] His surviving siblings included Lady Elizabeth Georgiana (1824–1878), who married the 8th Duke of Argyll; Lady Evelyn Gower (1825–1869), who married the 12th Lord Blantyre; Lady Caroline Gower (1827–1887), who married the 4th Duke of Leinster; George Gower (1828–1892), who became the 3rd Duke of Sutherland; Lady Constance Gower (1834–1880), who married the 1st Duke of Westminster; and Lord Albert Gower (1843–1874), who married Grace Abdy.

His paternal grandparents were George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland and his wife Elizabeth Gordon, suo jure Countess of Sutherland. His maternal grandparents were George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle and Lady Georgiana Cavendish (1783–1858), herself the daughter of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and Lady Georgiana Spencer.

He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge.[2]

Career

From 1867 to 1874, Gower served as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Sutherland. He made only one speech in the House during those seven years. Reportedly, "it was with some relief that, with the resignation of Gladstone's government at the beginning of 1874, he relinquished" his seat.[3] He was succeeded as MP by his nephew Cromartie, Marquess of Stafford (the elder surviving son of his eldest brother the 3rd Duke of Sutherland).[4]

He was a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery and of the Birthplace and Shakespeare Memorial Building at Stratford-on-Avon.[5]

In 1889, he travelled to America and donated several of his works to prominent American museums.[6]

Creative work

Gower's statue of Hamlet in Stratford-upon-Avon

A sculptor, he also published a number of works on the fine arts. Lord Ronald shared a studio in Sir Joshua Reynolds's old home in Leicester Square with John O'Connor, an Irish landscape painter and theatrical designer.[3] In 1875, he travelled to Paris to begin sculpting in the studio of Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, one of the founding members of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.[3]

Gower's most important sculpture was the statue of Shakespeare and four of his principal characters, erected in Stratford-upon-Avon.[3] He also created a sculpture depicting Marie Antoinette on her way to the scaffold and another of a member of the Old Guard at Waterloo.[5]

He also wrote biographies of Marie Antoinette and Joan of Arc[7] and a history of the Tower of London.[5] He furthermore published My Reminiscences (pub. 1883), which was a memoir of his upbringing and life,[8] as well as Old Diaries 1881–1901 (pub. 1902).

Personal life

Gower's lover Frank Hird in 1894, chalk drawing by Henry Scott Tuke.

Gower, who never married, was well known in the homosexual community of the time. Oscar Wilde's story The Portrait of Mr. W. H. has been interpreted as a comment on Gower's social circle; Gower is generally identified as the model for Lord Henry Wotton in The Picture of Dorian Gray.[9] In 1879, hints of his homosexual liaisons published in the journal Man of the World led Gower to sue the paper, but later in the year the Prince of Wales sent him a letter accusing him of being "a member of an association for unnatural practices", to which Gower wrote an angry reply.[9]

John Addington Symonds, who stayed with him once, stated that Gower "saturates one's spirit in Urningthum [homosexuality] of the rankest most diabolical kind".[9] His most lasting relationship was with the journalist and author Frank Hird (1873–1937), whom he adopted in 1898. [10] It led Oscar Wilde to remark on one occasion: "Frank may be seen, but not Hird." Gower died on 9 March 1916 at his home in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. He is buried, together with Hird, and Hird's wife (whom he married after Gower's death) at St Paul's Church, Rusthall, Kent.[11]

1889-90 scandal

Gower was one of several prominent figures implicated in the Cleveland Street Scandal, involving a homosexual brothel at that London address.[12] However, the allegation may have been solely due to his associations: at the time of the Scandal he was living on the Continent.[13]

1913 scandal

In 1913, Francis 'Frank' Shackleton (brother of the famed Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton) was charged with defrauding Gower of his fortune.[14] In 1910, Gower had entrusted Shackleton with his investments. On his behalf, Shackleton sold his existing portfolio, and purchased essentially worthless shares that only benefited himself.[15] The amount stolen was more than £60,000.[16] Shackleton was eventually prosecuted and imprisoned, but only for defrauding a spinster friend of Gower's, even though it was for a far smaller sum. It's been surmised this legal oddity was due to the British Government's desire not to provoke Shackleton, a key suspect in the theft of the Irish Crown Jewels, and which might have caused him to publicly voice details of his prominent associations.[17] Due to the loss of his fortune, Gower was forced to sell his country house, Hammerfield at Penshurst in Kent, to Arnold Hills.[3]

Bibliography

  • Jordaan, Peter (2023). A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests. Sydney: Alchemie Books. ISBN 9780645852745.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ "GOWER, Rt. Hon. Lord Ronald Sutherland-". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 711.
  2. ↑ "Leveson-Gower, Lord Ronald Charles Sutherland (LV865LR)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Ward-Jackson, Dr. Philip (22 April 2017). "Lord Ronald Gower". 3rd Dimension – The PMSA Magazine & Newsletter. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  4. ↑ "Pleasant Impressions.; a Titled Englishman Who Found Americans Intelligent and Well-Bred". The New York Times. 2 February 1879. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 "LORD RONALD S. GOWER DIES; Sculptor of the Statue of Shakespeare at Stratford Was 81" (PDF). The New York Times. 10 March 1916. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  6. ↑ "Lord Gower's Gift.; Works of Art to Testify His Appreciation of New-York". The New York Times. 3 May 1889. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  7. ↑ "A NEW LIFE OF JOAN OF ARC.; JOAN OF ARC. By Lord Ronald Gower, F.S. A New-York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons". The New York Times. 28 May 1893. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  8. ↑ "AGREEABLE CHATTER.; Lord Ronald Sutherland Gower's Reminiscences of People and Things.*". The New York Times. 2 January 1904. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  9. 1 2 3 David Getsy, Sculpture and the Pursuit of a Modern Ideal in Britain, C. 1880–1930, Asgate, London, 2004, p.64.
  10. ↑ Jordaan, Peter, A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests, Alchemie Books 2023, p79.
  11. ↑ Hyde, H. Montgomery (1970), The Love That Dared not Speak its Name, Little, Brown, p. 156
  12. ↑ "The London Scandals". The Press. Vol. XLVI, no. 7418. 9 December 1889. p. 6.
  13. ↑ Jordaan, Peter, A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests, Alchemie Books 2023, p71.
  14. ↑ "COLOSSAL FRAUD. LORD RONALD GOWER RUINED. SIR E. SHACKLETON'S BROTHER CHARGED". The West Australian. 15 February 1913. p. 11.
  15. ↑ "NEW SHACKLETON CHARGE.; Lord Ronald Gower Said to Have Been Swindled Out of $25,000". The New York Times. 22 January 1913. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  16. ↑ Jordaan, Peter, A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests, Alchemie Books 2023, p87.
  17. ↑ Jordaan, Peter, A Secret Between Gentlemen: Suspects, Strays and Guests, Alchemie Books 2023, p92.
Sources
  • Aronson, Theo (1994). Prince Eddy and the Homosexual Underworld. London: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-5278-8
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