Rublev (Russian: Рублёв, masculine, sometimes Rublyov; also Rublevsky, Рублёвский) or Rubleva (Рублёва; feminine, sometimes Rublyova) is a Russian surname.

Its roots may lie in the denotation either of the Russian unit of currency, ruble, or of an old type of washboard called rubels that might indicate the profession of an ancestor.

The following people share this surname:

• Andrei Rublev (14th–15th centuries), the greatest medieval Russian painter of Orthodox icons and frescoes.
• Andrey Rublev (born October 20, 1997), a Russian professional tennis player.
• Ekaterina Rubleva (born October 10, 1985), a Russian ice dancer.
• Sergei Rublevsky (born 15 October 1974), a Russian chess grandmaster.