Samajwadi Party
AbbreviationSP
PresidentAkhilesh Yadav
ChairpersonAkhilesh Yadav
SecretaryKiranmoy Nanda
General SecretaryRam Gopal Yadav
Azam Khan
Shivpal Singh Yadav
Lalji Verma
Swami Prasad Maurya
Indrajit Saroj
Ram Achal Rajbhar
Balram Yadav
Vishambhar Prasad Nishad
Ram Ji Lal Suman
Harendra Singh Malik
Lok Sabha LeaderS. T. Hasan
Rajya Sabha LeaderRam Gopal Yadav
FounderMulayam Singh Yadav
Beni Prasad Verma
Azam Khan
Founded4 October 1992 (1992-10-04)
Split fromJanata Dal
Headquarters18 Copernicus Lane, New Delhi
Student wingSamajwadi Chatra Sabha[1]
Youth wingSamajwadi Prahari[2] Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha[3]
Lohiya vahini
Women's wingSamajwadi Mahila Sabha[4]
IdeologySocialism[5]
Democratic socialism[6]
Left-wing populism[7]
Social conservatism[8][9]
Political positionLeft-wing[10][11][9]
International affiliationProgressive Alliance[12]
Colours    Red and Green
ECI StatusState Party[13]
AllianceI.N.D.I.A. (2023-present)
Seats in Lok Sabha
3 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
3 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies
112 / 4,036

(3987 MLAs & 49 Vacant)

Indian states
109 / 403
(Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly)
2 / 288
(Maharashtra Legislative Assembly)
1 / 182

(Gujarat Legislative Assembly)

Number of states and union territories in government
0 / 31
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
www.samajwadiparty.in

The Samajwadi Party (abbr. SP; translation: Socialist Party, founded 4 October 1992) is a socialist political party in India. It was founded by formerly Janata Dal politicians Mulayam Singh Yadav Beni Prasad Verma Azam Khan and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held in 2017.[14]

While the party is largely based in Uttar Pradesh, it has minor presence in other states as well.[15] The party has been the ruling power in the state of Uttar Pradesh for four terms – three times under Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav, the fourth and most recent being Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's full majority government in the 2012-2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The coalition of the party and its alliance partners SP+ has one of the largest vote bases in the state of Uttar Pradesh in terms of the collective voting pattern in the state-based electoral system, with more than 37% vote share in the 2022 elections.[16][17]

History

The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties that emerged when the Janata Dal (People's League) fragmented into several regional parties.[18] The party was founded by Mulayam Singh Yadav and Beni Prasad Verma in 1992.[19][20] Created just months before the Babri Masjid demolition, the party is said to have played a key role in preventing violence following this event.[21] In West Bengal, the West Bengal Socialist Party of Kiranmoy Nanda merged with the SP in 2010. The Samajwadi Party is now led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held on 1 January 2017.

The party have contested Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections around the country, but by far the bulk of its victories have been in Uttar Pradesh. In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory with a clear majority in the house, thus enabling it to form a government in the state. This was expected to be the fifth term of Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister of state, but he selected his son, Akhilesh Yadav instead. This became official on 15 March. It was also the first time that SP was head of the UP government for a full term of five years.[22][23] However, the party suffered a landslide defeat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, slumping to only 47 seats as the Bharatiya Janata Party swept to victory.

Proposed merger

In 2014, there was a proposed merger of the Samajwadi Party with some other Janata Parivar parties uniting with Lalu Prasad Yadav and Nitish Kumar.[24][25]

National Convention of January 2017

In a National Convention held on 1 January 2017, called by Ram Gopal Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav was appointed as president of the party.[26]

Position in state and national politics

Alliance

The Samajwadi Party provided outside support to the United Progressive Alliance government up to the fourteenth general election. After the fourteenth general election, its support became unnecessary when the UPA became the largest alliance. It contested the 2009 general election in alliance with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Lok Janshakti Party of Bihar.[27]

In April 2014, the Save Indian Family Foundation encouraged voters to support the Samajwadi Party or vote None of the above because they had said they opposed the alleged misuse of gender bias laws.[28]

In the last general election, the Samajwadi Party was defeated by the BJP in Uttar Pradesh though forming alliance with Bahujan Samaj Party.[29] It is currently the thirteenth largest party in parliament.[30] In the general elections of 2019, it won only 5 seats, while the Indian National Congress gained 52 seats and the Bharatiya Janata Party obtained a clear mandate with 303 seats.

Recently, Samajwadi Party joined the newly formed Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance formed as umbrella alliance of opposition parties in India.[31][32]

Presence in state assemblies

The SP has two MLAs each in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and one newly elected MLA in the 2022 Gujarat assembly election.

Samajwadi Prahari and Samajwadi Sanwad

The Samajwadi Party has front line campaigning groups.[33] Ongoing debate on party policy comes from many of their leaders. Among them are:

  1. Chhatra Sabha Sanwad
  2. Yuvjan Sabha Sanwad
  3. Samajwadi prahari Sanwad
  4. Mulayam Singh Youth Brigade Sanwad
  5. Lohiya Vahini Sanwad
  6. Shikshak Sabha Sanwad
  7. Vyapar Sabha Sanwad
  8. Adhivakta Sabha Sanwad
  9. Ambedkar Vahini Samwad

Electoral performances

Lok sabha elections

Lok Sabha Term Lok Sabha Seats contested Seats won  % of votes State (seats) Ref
11th Lok Sabha 1996 111 16 3.3% Uttar Pradesh (16) [34]
12th Lok Sabha 1998 166 19 4.9% Uttar Pradesh (19) [35]
13th Lok Sabha 1999 151 26 3.8% Uttar Pradesh (26) [36]
14th Lok Sabha 2004 237 36 4.3% Uttar Pradesh (35)
Uttarakhand (1)		 [37]
15th Lok Sabha 2009 193 23 3.4% Uttar Pradesh (23) [38]
16th Lok Sabha 2014 197 5 3.4% Uttar Pradesh (5) [39]
17th Lok Sabha 2019 49 5 2.6% Uttar Pradesh (5) [40]

Assembly elections

Vidhan Sabha Term UP elections Seats contested Seats won  % of votes Party Votes Ref
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
12th Vidhan Sabha 1993 256 109 17.94 8,963,697 [41]
13th Vidhan Sabha 1996 281 110 21.80 12,085,226 [42]
14th Vidhan Sabha 2002 390 143 25.37 13,612,509 [43]
15th Vidhan Sabha 2007 393 97 25.43 13,267,674 [44]
16th Vidhan Sabha 2012 401 224 29.15 22,107,241 [45]
17th Vidhan Sabha 2017 311 47 21.82 18,923,689 [46]
18th Vidhan Sabha 2022 347 111 32.06 29,543,934 [47]
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
11th Vidhan Sabha 1998 228 4 1.58 4,19,626 [48]
12th Vidhan Sabha 2003 161 7 3.71 9,46,891 [49]
13th Vidhan Sabha 2008 187 1 1.90 5,01,324 [50]
14th Vidhan Sabha 2013 161 0 1.2 4,04,853 [51]
15th Vidhan Sabha 2018 52 1 1.3 4,96,025 [52]
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
9th Vidhan Sabha 1995 22 3 0.93 3,56,731 [53]
10th Vidhan Sabha 1999 15 2 0.7 2,27,640 [54]
11th Vidhan Sabha 2004 95 0 1.13 4,71,425 [55]
12th Vidhan Sabha 2009 31 4 1.11 3,37,378 [56]
13th Vidhan Sabha 2014 22 1 0.17 92,304 [57]
14th Vidhan Sabha 2019 7 2 0.22 1,23,267 [58]

List of chief ministers

No. Name
Constituency		 Term of office[59][60] Tenure length Party[lower-alpha 1] Assembly[61]
(Election)		 Ref
1 Mulayam Singh Yadav
Jaswantnagar		 4 December 1993 3 June 1995 1 year, 181 days Samajwadi Party Twelfth Assembly (1993–95)
(1993 election)		 [62]
(1) Mulayam Singh Yadav
Gunnaur		 29 August 2003 13 May 2007 3 years, 257 days Samajwadi Party Fourteenth Assembly (2002–07)
(2002 election)		 [62]
2 Akhilesh Yadav
MLC		 15 March 2012 19 March 2017 5 years, 4 days Samajwadi Party Sixteenth Assembly (2012–17)
(2012 election)		 [63]
  1. ↑ This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he or she heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.

List of central ministers

No. Name Term of office Portfolio Prime Minister
1 Mulayam Singh Yadav 1 June 1996 19 March 1998 Minister of Defence H. D. Deve Gowda
I. K. Gujral
2 Janeshwar Mishra 10 July 1996 May 1997 Minister of Water Resources H. D. Deve Gowda
I. K. Gujral
3 Beni Prasad Verma 1 June 1996 19 March 1998 Minister of Communications and Information Technology H. D. Deve Gowda
I. K. Gujral
4 Saleem Iqbal Shervani[64] May 1997 19 March 1998 Minister of External Affairs(M.O.S.) I.K. Gujral

Prominent members

State leadership

  • Abu Asim Azmi: Maharashtra
  • Naresh Uttam Patel: Uttar Pradesh
  • Ramayan Singh Patel: Madhya Pradesh
  • Satyanarayan Sachan: Uttarakhand
  • Manjappa Yadav: Karnataka
  • Devendra Upadhyaya: Gujarat
  • Manas Bhattacharya: West Bengal
  • Mukesh Yadav: Rajasthan
  • Sukhvinder Singh: Punjab
  • Dr Saji Pothen Thomas: Kerala
  • B Jagadeesh Yadav: Andhra Pradesh
  • Om Prakash Sahu:Chhattisgarh

Criticism and Controversies

The Samajwadi Party has a history of being involved in several socio-political controversies, as well as links to the underworld. The party leadership has also faced flak for making insensitive comments on several matters.

Comments on Rape

The crime of rape became a capital offence in India following the 2012 Delhi gang rape incident; Mulayam Singh Yadav had opposed changing this law. Following the trial in the Shakti Mills gang rape, on 10 April 2014, in an election rally, Yadav said, "When boys and girls have differences, the girl gives a statement that 'the boy raped me,' and that poor boy gets a death sentence."[77] Referring to the Mumbai gang rape he stated, "... later they had differences, and the girl went and gave a statement that I have been raped. And then the poor fellows, three of them have been sentenced to death. Should rape cases lead to hanging? Boys are boys, they make mistakes. Two or three have been given the death sentence in Mumbai."[78] Following this, complaints were filed against Yadav with the Election Commission and the National Commission for Women (NCW).[78] His comments were denounced by the Indian media,[77] women's groups, women's rights activists,[79][80] On 19 August 2015, Yadav remarked that gang-rapes are impractical and rape-victims in those cases tend to lie.[81] He was summoned by the Judicial Magistrate of Mahoba district court in Uttar Pradesh for that remark.[82]

In the aftermath of the trial in the Shakti Mills gang rape case, SP Maharashtra unit chief Abu Azmi told Mid-Day, "Any woman if, whether married or unmarried, goes along with a man, with or without her consent, should be hanged. Rape is punishable by hanging in Islam. But here, nothing happens to women, only to men. Even the woman is guilty. Girls complain when someone touches them, and even when someone doesn't touch them. It becomes a problem then ... If rape happens with or without consent, it should be punished as prescribed in Islam." He also said, "See, I don't know what context he said it in. But, at times, the wrong people are awarded the death penalty. Boys do it in josh (Hindi: excitement), but what can I say in this? The death sentence should be given. I won't speak against Islam."[83] Azmi's comments were widely criticized in India.[84]

Following the 2014 Badaun Gangrape, Akhilesh Yadav, who was then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, drew widespread criticism when he replied to a journalist's question about a sharp rise in rape cases when he replied saying: "It's not as if you faced any danger."[85]

Support for criminals

Right after the killing of gangster and Samajwadi Party leader Atiq Ahmed, Akhilesh Yadav slammed the BJP government in Uttar Pradesh for allowing the murder to happen. Ahmed was accused in several cases, and was convicted in the kidnapping-cum-murder of Umesh Pal, a witness in a case.[86]

In January 2019, a case of forgery was lodged against Azam Khan, his wife Tazeen Fatma and son with respect to the birth certificate of his son Abdullah at a local police station in Uttar Pradesh.[87] However in March 2019, the Allahabad High Court stayed their arrest until the probe was completed by the police.[88] Khan was supported by party leader Akhilesh Yadav who claimed the cases were politically motivated,[89] however in January 2020, the court declared the three, Abdullah and his parents, to be absconders for failing to appear in the court during case hearings.[90][91] Following this, the Enforcement Directorate will be attaching the properties of Khan from the first week of February onward.[92] On 26 February 2020, Khan was sentenced to imprisonment along with his wife and son for forging a fake birth certificate for his son.[93] The Supreme Court granted interim bail on 19 May 2022 in an alleged cheating case. The interim bail will continue till his regular bail plea is decided, clearing the way for his release.[94] On 27 October 2022, an MP-MLA magistrate court Sentenced three-year jail term to Khan finding him guilty of hate speech in a 2019 case.[95]

Feud with IPS Officer Amitabh Thakur

In 2006, Amitabh Thakur, the then SP of Firozabad district, refused to obey some of the wrongful dictates of then MLA Ramvir Singh Yadav. Ramveer Singh was a close relative of then Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav. This finally led to an incidence of alleged assault and manhandling with Amitabh Thakur. Mulayam Singh Yadav clearly told Amitabh not to register any case in this matter. Even then he got a First Information Report (FIR) registered in this matter at Eka police station. This led to Amitabh suffering at the hands of Mulayam Singh Government.[96][97]

Thakur also clashed with Akhilesh Yadav from 2014-2017, who was the Chief Minister at that time. In December 2014, Thakur's wife Dr Nutan Thakur filed a complaint against the state's mining minister Gayatri Prasad Prajapati, before the Lok Ayukta (anti-corruption ombudsman).[98] She alleged that the minister was involved in illegal mining activities.[99] Thakur approached the Central Government, seeking protection for his family.[100]

On 10 July 2015, Thakur got a phone call from Mulayam Singh Yadav. He alleged that Yadav had threatened him over the phone call. He released the audio of the phone call, in which Yadav is allegedly heard saying certain sentences of threatening nature:[100][101] Thakur alleged that Mulayam Singh was unhappy about the complaint lodged by his wife Nutan against the state minister Gayatri Prasad Prajapati.[101]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "SP chatra sabha declares 70 district unit presidents name". oneindia.com. 17 March 2008.
  2. ↑ "About Samajwadi Prahari". Samajwadi Prahari. 10 March 2021.
  3. ↑ "SP reinstates youth wings' office-bearers with a rider | Lucknow News — Times of India". The Times of India. 18 April 2013.
  4. ↑ "SP appoints presidents of nine frontal organisations". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 2 July 2014 – via Business Standard.
  5. ↑ "Mulayam Singh lays emphasis on socialist ideology". Business Standard India. 22 November 2018.
  6. ↑ Singh, Mahendra Prasad; Saxena, Rekha (2003). India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase. Orient Blackswan. p. 78. ISBN 978-8-125-02328-9.
  7. ↑ "Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini". india.com. 14 January 2017.
  8. ↑ "Which political party has most clearly and consistently opposed women's rights?". scroll.in. 16 May 2021.
  9. 1 2 Verniers, Gilles (2018). "Conservative in Practice: The Transformation of the Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh". Studies in Indian Politics. 6: 44–59. doi:10.1177/2321023018762675. S2CID 158168430.
  10. ↑ "Left wing triumphs in Uttar Pradesh election". Financial Times. 6 March 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. The big winner in the Uttar Pradesh state election was the regional leftwing Samajwadi party
  11. ↑ "Indian MPs held hostage in caste struggle". The Independent. 21 June 1995.
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  16. ↑ "What the Samajwadi Party alliance needs to focus on now". The Wire. 15 March 2022.
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  77. 1 2 Taylor, Adam (11 April 2013). "'Boys make mistakes' – Indian politician's comments reignite rape controversy". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  78. 1 2 "Mulayam's shocker on rape: Boys make mistakes, why hang them?". NDTV. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
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  82. ↑ Ali, Mohammad. "UP court summons Mulayam Singh over rape remark". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  83. ↑ "SHOCKING! Women having sex should be hanged, says Abu Azmi". Mid Day. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  84. ↑ "Abu Azmi follows Mulayam Singh's footsteps with 'sexist' remark; says 'Women having premarital sex should be hanged'". dnaindia.com. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  85. ↑ "India minister says rape 'sometimes right, sometimes wrong' – World News". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 June 2014.
  86. ↑ "Failure of law & order: Akhilesh, Owaisi slam UP govt as Atiq, Ashraf shot dead".
  87. ↑ Shukla, Srawan (10 August 2017). "SP leader Azam Khan's son Abdulllah found guilty of faking date of birth in election nomination paper". DNA India. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  88. ↑ "Allahabad HC stays arrest of SP's Azam Khan, his wife and son in forgery case". DNA India. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  89. ↑
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  91. ↑ "Azam Khan, his wife, son declared absconders in three cases". Times Now. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  92. ↑ "ED may attach assets of Azam and kin in land grabbing case". The Asian Age. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  93. ↑ Ahmad, Qazi Faraz (26 February 2020). "Azam Khan Surrenders with Wife and Son, Sent to Jail in Fake Birth Certificate Case". News18. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
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  97. ↑
  98. ↑ ""Rape allegations a 'concocted' story," says Amitabh Thakur". Rediff. 12 July 2015.
  99. ↑ "After suspension, IPS officer Amitabh Thakur says will continue fight against Mulayam". The Times of India. 14 July 2015.
  100. 1 2 Deepshikha Ghosh (14 July 2015). "'Sudhar Jaaiye,' Mulayam Singh Yadav Told Police Officer Amitabh Thakur". NDTV.com.
  101. 1 2 "IG-rank officer files police complaint against Mulayam Singh". The Indian Express. 12 July 2015.
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