Since the 1990s, Belarus has been actively criticized by the United States, the European Union, the OSCE and the United Nations for human rights violations and electoral fraud. Various Belarusian officials, businesspeople with links to the authoritarian regime of Alexander Lukashenko and their companies have been subject to various sanctions involving asset freeze and travel bans.

US sanctions[1]

Individuals

Political leadership, propaganda

Name Position Main accusations Remarks
Alexander Lukashenko  President of Belarus
Lidia Yermoshina Chair of the Central Election Commission of Belarus Central figure behind massive centralized election fraud in Belarus
Natalia Petkevich First Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of Belarus in 2004-2010
Viktor Lukashenko Assistant/Aid to the President in National Security Affairs. Son of president Alexander Lukashenko
Alexander Radkov Former Minister of Education, now leader of the Belaya Rus movement and Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration
Vladimir Rusakevich Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration
Alexander Zimovsky Former Head of the National State Television and Radio Company of the Republic of Belarus, adviser on propaganda

Law enforcement

Name Position Main accusations Remarks
Yury Podobed Former commander of Minsk riot police unit Violence against demonstrators in the late 1990s and early 2000s
Uladzimir Navumau Minister of Internal Affairs of Belarus in 2000-2009 Responsible for repressions against opposition activists during the 2004 referendum campaign, 2006 presidential elections, etc.
Viktor Sheiman Former Secretary of the Security Council, special adviser to president Lukashenka Accused of the disappearance of opposition leaders in 1999-2000
Stepan Sukhorenko  Head of the KGB of Belarus in 2005 - 2007, including during the 2006 Belarusian presidential election
Dmitri Pavlichenko Head of the Belarusian Special Rapid Reaction Unit  Accused of involvement into the disappearance of opposition leader Viktar Hanchar in 1999

Judiciary

Name Position Main accusations Remarks
Piotr Miklashevich  Member of the Constitutional Court of Belarus  Formal justification of political repressions and electoral fraud
Aleh Slizheuski Justice Minister of Belarus Formal justification of political repressions and electoral fraud
Viktar Halavanau Former Minister of Justice Formal justification of political repressions and electoral fraud

Businesspeople and their immediate relatives

Name Position Main accusations Remarks
Nebojša Karić  Key figure in Dana Holdings and its subsidiaries  Close associate of Lukashenko  Serbian/Cypriot national, son of Bogoljub Karić

Companies

Name Remarks
Belneftekhim including Belneftekhim USA Inc.
Polotsk-Steklovolokno
Grodno Azot
Lakokraska
Belarusian Oil Trade House
Naftan
Grodno Khimvolokno
Belshina

Other

Name Remarks
Belarus Olympic Committee  Presided by Viktor Lukashenko

EU sanctions list following 2006 presidential elections[2]

Senior state leadership

Name Position
Alexander Lukashenko President of Belarus
Gennady Nevyglas Head of the President's Administration
Natalia Petkevich Deputy Head of President's administration
Anatoly Rubinov Deputy Head in charge of media and ideology, PA
Oleg Proleskovsky Aide and Head of the Main Ideological department, PA
Alexander Radkov Minister of Education
Vladimir Rusakevich Minister of Information
Alexander Zimovsky Member of the Upper House of the Parliament; Head of the national state teleradio company
Vladimir Konoplyev Chairman of the Lower House of the Parliament
Nikolai Cherginets Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Upper House
Sergei Kostyan Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Lower House
Mikhail Orda Member of the Upper House, leader of the BRSM
Leonid Kozik Head of the Federation of Trade Unions

Election organization

Name Position
Lydia Yermoshina Chairwoman of the Central Election Commission of Belarus
Nikolai Lozovik Deputy Head of the Central Election Commission of Belarus
Koleda Alexandr Mikhailovich Chairman of the Elections Commission of the Brest Region
Mikhasev Vladimir Ilyich Chairman of the CEC of the Gomel Region
Luchina Leonid Aleksandrovich Chairman of the CEC of the Grodno Region
Ihar Karpenka Chairman of the CEC of Minsk
Kurlovich Vladimir Anatolievich Chairman of the CEC of the Minsk Region
Metelitsa Nikolai Timofeevich Chairman of the CEC of the Mogilev Region
Pishchulenok Mikhail Vasilievich Chairman of the CEC of the Vitebsk Region

State security services

Name Position
Stepan Sukhorenko Chairman of KGB
Vasily Dementei First Deputy, KGB
Viktor Sheyman State Secretary of the Security Council
Dmitry Pavlichenko Head of the Special Response Group at the Ministry of the Interior (SOBR)
Uladzimir Navumau Minister of the Interior
Yuri Podobed Lieutenant-Colonel of Militia, Unit for Special Purposes (OMON), Ministry of Internal Affairs

Judiciary

Name Position
Viktar Halavanau Minister of Justice
Petr Miklashevich Prosecutor General
Oleg Slizhevsky Head of the Division of Social organisations, parties and NGOs, Ministry of Justice
Aleksandr Khariton Consultant of the Division of Social organisations, parties and NGOs of the Ministry of Justice
Evgeny Smirnov First Deputy of the Chairman of the Economic Court
Nadezhda Reutskaya Judge of the Moscow district of Minsk
Nikolai Trubnikov Judge of the Partizanskiy district of Minsk
Nikolai Kupriyanov Deputy Prosecutor General

EU sanctions list preceding the 2010 Presidential elections

The list of sanctioned individuals was consolidated on 25 October 2010.[3] The presidential election was held on 19 December that year.[4]

EU sanctions list following 23 September 2012 elections[5]

This list of sanctioned individuals was published on 15 October 2012, following the 2012 Belarusian parliamentary election.[5]

University rectors

Name Position Reasons for listing Remarks
Siarhei Ablameika Rector of the Belarusian State University Politically motivated expulsions of students
Tamara Alpeyeva Rector of International Humanitarian-Economic Institute Politically motivated expulsions of students
Mikhail Batura Rector of Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics Politically motivated expulsions of students
Mechyslau Chasnouski Rector of Brest State University Politically motivated expulsions of students
Piotr Kukharchyk Rector of Maxim Tank Belarusian State Pedagogical University Politically motivated expulsions of students

State propaganda

Name Position Reasons for listing Remarks
Liliya Ananich First Deputy Minister of Information Promotion of state propaganda
Dzmitry Zhuk Director General of the state news agency BelTA
Alexander Zimovsky Media adviser and former President of the National State Television and Radio Company of the Republic of Belarus "The main actor of the regime's propaganda until December 2010" Also subject to U.S. sanctions
Nikolai Cherginets Upper House of the Parliament, former Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee;
Head of the government-loyal Union of writers, Chairman of the Morality Republican Public Council
"A close supporter of President Lukashenka, and key to the regime's propaganda and censorship"
Gennady Davydko Head of the National State Television and Radio Company of the Republic of Belarus "Responsible for promoting state propaganda on TV, propaganda which supported and justified the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society after the elections in December 2010." Also subject to U.S. sanctions
Vadim Gigin Editor-in-Chief of Belaruskaya Dumka, a monthly journal of the President's Administration "One of the most vocal and influential members of the state propaganda machine in the printed press. He has supported and justified the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Pavel Yakubovich Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya, Editor-in-Chief;
Member of the Upper House of the Parliament appointed by President Lukashenka
"One of the most vocal and influential members of the state propaganda machine in the printed press. He has supported and justified the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Vsevolod Yanchevski Presidential Administration of Belarus, Head of the Ideological Department;
Assistant to the President
"The main creator of the regime's ideology and state propaganda, which supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Yury Koziyatko Capital TV, TV host, General Director His TV show "is an instrument of state propaganda which supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Aliaksei Mikhalchanka  ONT, TV host, influential journalist His "programme is an instrument of state propaganda on TV, which supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society" Managed to get sanctions against him lifted in 2014, following procedural flaws of EU's prolongation of sanctions in 2012[6]
Yuri Prokopov Belarus-1, TV host, journalist His TV show "is an instrument of state propaganda on TV, which supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Oleg Proleskovsky Minister of Information,
Presidential Administration, former Deputy Head, former Head of General Directorate for Ideology and Centre of Analysis and Information
"One of the main sources and voices of state propaganda and ideological support for the regime"
Anatoli Rubinov Upper House of the Parliament, chairman;
Presidential Administration, Former Deputy Head in charge of Media and Ideology (in 2006–2008)
"One of the main sources and voices of state propaganda and ideological support for the regime"
Aleksandr Bazanov Information and Analytical Centre of the Presidential Administration, Director "He is one of the main sources of state propaganda, which supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society."
Siarhei Gardzienka Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya, Deputy Editor-in-Chief "Responsible for relaying state propaganda in the printed press, which has supported and justified the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society, systematically highlighted in a negative and derogatory way using falsified and untrue information"
Aleksei Gusev Information and Analytical Centre of the President's Administration, Former first Deputy Director "A source and voice of state propaganda, which provokes, supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Alena Kolas Information and Analytical Centre of the Presidential Administration, Deputy Director
Lev Krishtapovich Information and Analytical Centre of the Presidential Administration, Deputy Director
Igor Laptionok Former Deputy Minister of Information He "played a major role in promoting state propaganda which supports and justifies the repression of the democratic opposition and of civil society"
Anatol Lemiashonak Respublika, Editor-in-Chief "In his position he is one of the most vocal and influential members of the state propaganda machine in the printed press"
Mikhail Lebedik Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya, First deputy Editor-in-Chief His newspaper is a "source of pro-governmental policy, falsifying facts and making unfair comments on the ongoing processes in Belarus against the democratic opposition and civil society"
Hanna Shadryna Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya, Former Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Aleksandr Taranda Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya, Editor-in-Chief
Halina Tarapetskaya Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya, Deputy Editor-in-Chief

Businesspeople

Name Position Reasons for listing Remarks
Yury Chyzh Owner of Triple LLC Financial support to the Lukashenka regime
Vladimir Peftiev Owner of diverse assets in Belarus and abroad Economic advice to President Lukashenka, "key financial sponsor" of the Lukashenka regime October 2014, the sanctions were dropped by the EU Council.[7] On 9 December 2014, the General Court of European Union decided in Peftiev's and his companies' favour, annulling the sanctions and ruling that the Council of the European Union and European Commission had made mistakes while evaluating Peftiev's business activities.[8]
Dmitry Lukashenko Businessman, son of president Alexander Lukashenko

Judges and state prosecution

Name Position Reasons for listing Remarks
Akulich, Sviatlana Judge of the Pukhavichy District Court Politically motivated administrative and criminal sanctions against representatives of civil society
Aliaksandrau, Dzmitry Judge of the Supreme Economic Court He sustained the ban of the independent radio station Autoradio
Ananich, Alena Judge at the Pyershamayski District Court of the city of Minsk Sentencing protests participants in violation of the legislation
Arkhipov, Aleksandr Prosecutor of the Minsk Region Repression of civil society
Bodak, Alla Deputy Minister of Justice Responsible for the role and the action of the Ministry of Justice and the judiciary of Belarus, which are major instruments of repression of the population
Bolovnev, Nikolai Judge at the Zavodski District Court of the city of Minsk Judicial repression of the peaceful demonstrators on 19 December 2010
Bondarenko, Sergei Judge of the Pyershamayski District Court of Minsk Judicial repressions. On 24 November 2011, he sentenced Ales Byalyatski, one of the most prominent human rights defenders
Baranouski, Andrei Judge at the Partyzanski District Court of the city of Minsk Judicial repression of the peaceful demonstrators on 19 December 2010

State security services

Name Position Accusations Remarks
Aleinikov Sergei Aleksandrovich Major, head of operative unit of penal colony IK-17 in Shklov Exerted pressure on political prisoners by denying their right to correspondence and meetings, issued orders to subject them to a stricter criminal regime, searches, and made threats in order to extort confessions. He was directly responsible for violating the human rights of political prisoners and opposition activists by using excessive force against them. His actions constituted a direct violation of the international commitments of Belarus in the field of human rights
Orlov, Alexandr Vladimirovich Colonel, head of the KGB detention centre in Minsk He was personally responsible for cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment of those who were detained in the weeks and months after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on 19 December 2010. His actions constituted a direct violation of the international commitments of Belarus in the field of human rights.
Atabekov, Khazalbek Bakhtibekovich Colonel, commander of a special brigade of Interior Troops in the Uruchie suburb of Minsk. He commanded his unit during the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on 19 December 2010 where an excessive use of force was applied. His actions constituted a direct violation of the international commitments of Belarus in the field of human rights.
Bakhmatov, Igor Andreevich former Deputy Head of the KGB Active involvement in the repression of civil society in Belarus. As a former Deputy Head of the KGB, in charge of the staff and the organisation of their tasks, Bakhmatov was responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition
Barsukov, Aleksandr Petrovich Colonel, Chief of Minsk police. Since his appointment as Chief of Minsk police on 21 October 2011, he has been responsible, as commander, for the repression of approximately a dozen peaceful protesters in Minsk, who were later convicted for breaking the law on mass events. For several years he commanded police action against street protests of the opposition.
Busko, Igor Yevgenyevich Head of the KGB of the Brest Region Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition in the region of Brest, Belarus.
Chernyshev, Oleg Anatolievich Colonel, in charge of counter-terrorist unit of the KGB, the Alpha unit. He personally participated in tortures of opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk 19 December 2010
Dementey, Vasili Ivanovich Head of the Hrodna Customs regional committee, former First deputy Chairman of the KGB (2005-2007), former Deputy Head of the State Customs Committee. Responsible for repressions against civil society and the democratic opposition, in particular in 2006-2007
Dedkov, Leonid Nikolaevich Deputy Head of the KGB Shares responsibility for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition.
Farmagey, Leonid Konstantinovich Deputy Head of the academy of the Ministry of Interior. Before June 2011 – Police Commander of the City of Minsk Has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. In his former role (until June 2011) as, he commanded the Minsk militia forces that brutally repressed a demonstration on 19 December 2010.
Gaidukevich Valeri Vladimirovich Deputy Minister of Interior. Commander of internal troops, and Member of Parliament in the Lower Chamber As a commander of internal troops, he was responsible for the violent repression of the demonstration on 19 December 2010 in Minsk, where his troops were the first to be actively involved.
Gerasimenko, Gennadi Anatolievich Deputy Head of the Institute of National Security (KGB school) and former Head of the KGB of the Vitebsk Region Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition in the region of Vitebsk.
Gureev Sergei Viktorovich, Former Deputy Minister of Interior and Head of Preliminary Investigation Has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. As a former Deputy Minister of Interior and Head of Preliminary Investigation, he was responsible for the violent suppression of protests and violations of human rights during investigation proceedings in relation to the December 2010 elections. Joined the reserve forces in February 2012
Yaruta, Viktor Gueorguevich Head of the KGB Board on State Communications Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition.
Yevseyev, Igor Vladimirovich Head of the regional Vitebsk police. Former Deputy Head of Minsk Police and Head of the Minsk anti-riot (OMON) operation team. He commanded the troops that put down the peaceful demonstrations on 19 December 2010 and personally took part in the brutality, for which he received an award and an acknowledgement letter from President Lukashenko in February 2011. In 2011, he also commanded the troops that repressed several other protests by political activists and citizens in Minsk
Ivanov, Sergey Deputy Head of Supply Division of the Ideological and Personnel Directorate of the Minsk Municipal Department of Interior In February 2011, he received an award and an acknowledgement letter from President Lukashenko for his active participation and implementation of orders during the repression of the 19 December 2010 demonstrations
Kadin, Roman Commanding officer of Weaponry and Technical Supply of the Motorised Patrol Service In February 2011, he received an award and an acknowledgement letter from President Lukashenka for his active participation and implementation of orders during the repression of the 19 December 2010 demonstrations
Kalach, Vladimir Viktorovich Head of the KGB of the Minsk Region and city of Minsk and former Deputy Head of the KGB for Minsk Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB civil society and the democratic opposition in Minsk
Kovalev, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Director of the prison camp in Gorki He was responsible for the inhuman treatment of the detainees, especially for persecution and torturous treatment of civil society activist Dzmitry Dashkevich, who was imprisoned in relation to the 19 December 2010 elections and the crackdown on civil society and on the democratic opposition
Korzh, Ivan Alekseevich Head of the KGB of the Hrodna Region Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition in the region of Hrodna
Krashevski, Viktor Head of the GRU. Responsible for the work of the intelligence services in the repression of civil society and of the democratic opposition.
Kuleshov, Anatoli Nilovich Former Minister of Interior Has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. In his former role as Minister of Interior he commanded the troops of the Ministry of Interior that brutally repressed the peaceful demonstrations on 19 December 2010 and showed some pride for this responsibility. Assigned to the army reserve forces in January 2012.
Kuznetsov, Igor Nikonovich Head of KGB Training Centre, former Head of the KGB in the Minsk Region and in Minsk city. As the person responsible for preparing and training KGB staff, he was responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and the democratic opposition. In relation to his previous functions, he was responsible for the same repressive work of the KGB in Minsk city and in the region of Minsk.
Leskovski, Ivan Anatolievich Head of the KGB for Homel and former Deputy Head of the KGB for Homel Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition in the region of Homel
Lukomski, Aleksandr Valentinovich Commander of the Special Regiment of the Ministry of Interior of the City of Minsk He commanded the troops that repressed a peaceful demonstration on 19 December 2010, for which he received an award and an acknowledgement letter from President Lukashenko in February 2011. In June 2011, he also commanded troops that repressed peaceful citizens in Minsk
Maltsev, Leonid Semenovich Secretary of the Security Council Responsible for all state security services. He planned and ordered the repression of peaceful demonstrations on 19 December 2010.
Maslakov, Valeri Anatolievich Head of the KGB Board of Intelligence Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and the democratic opposition
Naumov, Vladimir Vladimirovich Former Minister of Interior and also former Head of the President's Security Service. Failed to take action to investigate the case of the unresolved disappearances of Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999-2000 Remained on the sanctions list after 2016
Podobed, Yuri Nikolaevich Head of the security service of the holding company Triple of Yury Chyzh, former Head of the Unit for Special Purposes, Ministry of Interior As a commander of internal anti-riot troops he was directly responsible for and was directly involved in the violent repression of peaceful demonstrations, notably in 2004 and 2008
Pavlichenko, Dmitry Valerievich Former Head of the Special Response Group at the Ministry of Interior (SOBR). Key person in the unresolved disappearances of opposition leaders Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, opposition sponsor Anatoly Krasovski, and journalist Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999-2000 Remained on the sanctions list after 2016
Pekarski, Oleg Anatolievich former first Deputy Minister of Interior Has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. Responsible for the repression of civil society following the December 2010 elections
Poluden, Yevgeni Yevgenyevich Former Deputy Minister of Interior and Head of the militia (police) Under his command, militia forces brutally repressed the peaceful demonstrations on 19 December 2010.
Sanko, Ivan Ivanovich Major, senior investigator of the KGB He conducted investigations which included the use of falsified evidence against opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on December 19, 2010. His actions constituted a clear violation of the human rights by denying the right to a fair trial and the international commitments of Belarus in the field of human rights
Shamyonov, Vadim Igorevich Captain, head of operative unit of penal colony IK-17 in Shklov Exerted pressure on political prisoners, denying their right to correspondence, and made threats in order to extort confessions. Directly responsible for violating the human rights of political prisoners and opposition activists by the use of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. His actions constituted a direct violation of the international commitments of Belarus in the field of human rights
Shugaev, Sergei Mikhailovich Head of the KGB Counter-Intelligence Division and former Deputy Head of the KGB Counter-Intelligence Board Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and the democratic opposition
Sergeenko, Igor Petrovich Head of the KGB of the City District of Mahiliou Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition in the region of Mahiliou.
Sivakov, Yury Leonidovich Former Minister of Interior and former Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration Orchestrated the unresolved disappearances of Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999–2000. Deputy rector of Minsk Institute of Management, former Minister of Tourism and Sports, former Minister of Interior and former Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration. Remained on the sanctions list after 2016
Smolenski, Nikolai Zinovievich Deputy Head of CIS Anti-terrorism Centre and former Deputy Head of the KGB, in charge of staff and the organisation of their tasks Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition
Sukhorenko, Stepan Nikolaevich Ambassador of the Belarusian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, former Chairman of the KGB He threatened peaceful activists before demonstrations in 2006, and was one of the main actors in the repression after the fraudulent elections of the democratic opposition and of civil society. He was also the initiator of repressive legislative amendments and laws against the democratic opposition and civil society
Sukhov, Dmitri Vyacheslavovich Lieutenant-Colonel, operative of the military counter-intelligence of the KGB He falsified evidence and used threats and excessive force in order to extort confessions from opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on 19 December 2010
Svorob, Nikolai Konstantinovich Former Deputy Head of the KGB He has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. He was responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition
Tolstashov, Aleksandr Olegovich Head of the KGB Board on Protection of the Constitutional Order and Fight Against Terrorism Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition
Tretiak, Petr Vladimirovich Former Deputy Head of the KGB and Member of the Commission of the Security Council on radio frequencies He has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. He was responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition
Traulko, Pavel Lieutenant Colonel, former operative of the military counter-intelligence of the KGB, then head of the press service of the newly formed Investigative Committee of Belarus He falsified evidence and used threats in order to extort confessions from opposition activists in the KGB detention centre in Minsk after the crackdown on the post-election protest demonstration in Minsk on 19 December 2010. He was directly responsible for the use of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment and for denying the right to a fair trial. His actions constituted a direct violation of the international commitments of Belarus in the field of human rights.
Tertel, Ivan Stanislavovich Deputy Head of the KGB, in charge of economic crime and the fight against corruption Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and the democratic opposition.
Vtiurin, Andrei Aleksandrovich Head of the Presidential Security Service Under his supervision, several members of his service took part in interrogations of political activists after the demonstrations on 19 December 2010
Voropaev, Igor Grigorievich Deputy General Manager for Scientific work of the company "Research Institute on Electronic Computers" under the control of the State military-industrial committee; former Head of the KGB Board on State Communications Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition
Vegera, Viktor Pavlovich First Deputy Head of the KGB Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition. He was the initiator of the case of the political prisoner Ales Byaliatski, one of the most prominent human rights defenders, Chief of the Belarusian Human Rights Centre Vyasna, Vice President of FIDH. A. Byalyatski was active in defending and providing assistance to those who suffered from repression in relation to the 19 December 2010 elections and the crackdown on civil society and on the democratic opposition.
Volkov, Sergei Mikhailovich Former Head of the KGB Board of Intelligence Has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. Responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and democratic opposition.
Yermolitski, Sergei Vladimirovich Director of the prison camp in Shklov He was responsible for the inhuman treatment of the detainees and persecution of former presidential candidate Nikolai Statkevich, who was imprisoned in relation to the 19 December 2010 events, and other inmates.
Zaitsev, Vadim Iurievich Head of the KGB Responsible for transforming the KGB into the main organ of repression of civil society and of the democratic opposition. Responsible for the dissemination, through the media, of false information about the demonstrators on 19 December 2010, alleging that they had brought materials to be used as weapons. He personally threatened the lives and health of the wife and child of former presidential candidate, Andrei Sannikov. He is the main initiator of orders for unlawful harassment of democratic opposition, the torture of political opponents and the mistreatment of prisoners.
Zakharov, Alexey Ivanovich Former Head of Military Counter-intelligence Board of the KGB Has been actively involved in the repression of civil society in Belarus. He was responsible for the repressive work of the KGB against civil society and the democratic opposition. Under his supervision, KGB staff took part in interrogations of political activists following the demonstration on 19 December 2010.

Remaining EU sanctions list after 2016[9]

Name Position Accusations Remarks
Uladzimir Navumau Former Minister of Interior and also former Head of the President's Security Service Failed to take action to investigate the case of the unresolved disappearances of Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999–2000. As a Minister of Interior he was responsible for the repression of peaceful demonstrations until his retirement on 6 April 2009 for health reasons
Dmitri Pavlichenko Head of the Belarusian Special Rapid Reaction Unit Key person in the unresolved disappearances of Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999-2000
Viktor Sheiman Head of the Management Department of the Presidential Administration Responsible for the unresolved disappearances of Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999-2000
Yury Sivakov Former Minister of Interior and former Deputy Head of the Administration of the President of Belarus Orchestrated the unresolved disappearances of Yury Zacharanka, Viktar Hanchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dzmitry Zavadski in Belarus in 1999–2000.

Sanctions after the disputed 2020 presidential election

After the disputed Belarusian presidential elections of 2020, several western countries announced sanctions against Belarusian officials. Latvia has been the first country to do so on 31 August,[10] joined soon by Lithuania and Estonia.[11][12] The list included President Lukashenko and all Central Election Committee members as well as other senior state official and security forces commanders.[10]

The Baltic states were later followed by Canada,[13][14] the United Kingdom,[15] the United States,[16][17] the European Union,[18][19][20] Switzerland[21] and New Zealand.[22] These countries have sanctioned various numbers of Belarusian officials "for their roles in the fraudulent August 9, 2020 Belarus presidential election or the subsequent violent crackdown on peaceful protesters"[17] or under similar motivations.

More sanctions against Belarusian individuals and entities followed after the Russian invasion of Ukraine; some of them were introduced due to Belarus's role in it. The European Union,[23][24] Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States[25] and Canada[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] expanded their existing sanction packages, while Australia,[33] Japan,[34] New Zealand[35] and Ukraine[36] introduced their sanctions. Some of the invasion-related sanctions against Belarusian individuals and entities are listed in the 'Russian' sanctions lists of these countries.[37][38][35]

Timeline of the post-election sanctions

2020

  • On 14 August, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell announced that the EU would bring in sanctions against Belarusian officials responsible for "violence and falsification".[39][40] Charles Michel, President of the European Council went further on 19 August saying the EU would soon impose sanctions on a "substantial number" of individuals responsible for violence, repression, and election fraud.[41] The European Commission announced it would divert €53 million earmarked for Belarus away from the government and towards civil society, victims of the state crackdown on protesters and the country's fight against the coronavirus pandemic.[42][43][44]
  • On 18 August, the Lithuanian parliament agreed to impose economic sanctions.[45]
  • On 19 August, the Prime Minister of Slovakia stated that the Government of Slovakia introduced sanctions against Belarus in the new legislative session.[46]
  • On 31 August, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania imposed sanctions on 30 Belarusian officials, including Alexander Lukashenko.[47]
  • On 10 September, the EU sanctions on Belarus were delayed by a separate dispute between Cyprus and Turkey,[48] which has occupied the northern part of Cyprus since July 1974. Greece and Cyprus were pushing for a sanction on Turkey in a dispute in the Eastern Mediterranean.[49]
  • On 25 September, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania imposed sanctions on around a hundred Belarus officials.[50]
  • On 29 September, personal sanctions against members of the regime, including Alexander and Viktor Lukashenko, were imposed by the UK and Canada. 8 and 11 individuals were affected, respectively. The sanctions included travel bans and asset freezes.[51][52]
  • On 2 October, the EU imposed sanctions on 40 Belarusian officials. Lukashenko was exempted from the sanctions as the EU aims to encourage Lukashenko to engage in talks with the opposition. Hours later, Belarus retaliated with sanctions against EU officials.[53] On the same day, the US imposed sanctions on 8 Belarusian individuals.[54]
  • On 13 October, Switzerland joined the EU sanctions against 40 Belarusian individuals.[55][56]
  • On 15 October, Canada imposed sanctions on 31 additional Belarusian individuals.[57]
  • On 6 November, the EU imposed sanctions on Alexander Lukashenko and 14 other officials for repression of the pro-democracy movement following August's contested election. Their assets in EU member states were frozen and they are banned from entering EU territory.[58] On the same day, Canada imposed sanctions on 13 Belarusian individuals.[59]
  • On 19 November, the EU announced an upcoming list of sanctions targeting the country's firms and entrepreneurs that finance Lukashenko. According to Borrell, up to date no positive signs were seen from the regime and the new measures will increase economic pressure on the self-proclaimed president.[60][61]
  • On 20 November, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania and Ukraine aligned themselves with the October EU sanctions against 40 Belarusian individuals.[62] Separately on the same day, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania imposed sanctions on 28 Belarusian individuals.[63]
  • On 24 November, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania aligned themselves with the November EU sanctions against 15 Belarusian individuals.[64]
  • On 11 December, Switzerland joined the November EU sanctions against 15 Belarusian individuals.[65]
  • On 17 December, the EU imposed a third round of economic sanctions on dozens of Belarusian individuals and entities. They include restrictive measures imposed on the head of Belarusian state television, Ivan Eismant, Deputy Prime Minister Anatol Sivak, Information Minister Ihar Lutsky, and 26 other individuals. The sanctions package also included asset freezes on seven Belarusian companies, including arms exporter CJSC Beltechexport.[66]
  • On 23 December, the US imposed sanctions on one Belarusian individual and four entities, including Central Election Commission of Belarus.[67]

2021 to early 2022

  • On 26 January 2021, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania aligned themselves with the December EU sanctions against Belarusian individuals and entities.[68]
  • On 18 February, the UK imposed sanctions on 27 additional individuals.[69]
  • On 22 March, Switzerland imposed sanctions on 29 Belarusian individuals and seven entities.[70]
  • On 24 March, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania aligned themselves with the February EU decision to prolong the restrictive measures concerning Belarus.[71]
  • On 25 March, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania put another 118 Belarusian individuals on their sanctions lists.[72]
  • On 17 June, New Zealand introduced travel bans against more than fifty individuals associated with the Lukashenko regime, including himself and key members of his administration, the electoral commission, the police and other security forces.[22]
  • On 21 June, following the forced diversion of Ryanair Flight 4978, several countries added some Belarusian individuals and entities to their sanctions lists. Namely, the EU imposed a fourth round of restrictive measures against 78 Belarusian individuals (including prominent government officials and business figures) and seven[73] entities, with among others, BelAZ and MAZ automobile plants;[74] the UK imposed sanctions against 11 individuals and 2 entities;[75] the US imposed sanctions on 16 Belarusian individuals and five entities, namely, Okrestina detention centre, Internal Troops of Belarus, GUBOPiK, KGB, Investigative Committee of Belarus;[76] Canada imposed sanctions on 17 Belarusian individuals and five entities.[77]
  • On June 24, the EU also imposed sanctions on Belarusian economy.[78]
  • On 6 July, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania aligned themselves with the 21 June EU sanctions against Belarusian individuals and entities.[79]
  • On 7 July, Switzerland imposed sanctions on 78 individuals and seven organizations from Belarus.[80]
  • On 12–13 July, Norway,[81] Iceland, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania aligned themselves with the EU sanctions against Belarusian economy.[82]
  • On 21 July, the UK imposed sanctions on the Agat Electromechanical Plant.[83]
  • On 9 August (anniversary of the 2020 election), several countries added some Belarus-related individuals and entities to their sanctions lists. Namely, the UK announced aviation restrictions, trade and financial measures, and designated businessman Mikhail Gutseriyev;[84] the US sanctioned 23 individuals (government officials, kickboxer Dmitry Shakuta, directors of several state-owned enterprises, businessmen such as Mikalai Varabei and Aliaksei Aleksin, and high-ranking members of law enforcement) and 21 entities (Belaruskali, Grodno tobacco factory, and Belarus Olympic Committee, among others) contributing to the situation in Belarus;[85] Canada imposed trade and financial restrictions.[86]
  • On 11 August, Switzerland joined the June EU economic sanctions.[87]
  • On 2 December, after the start of the border crisis, several countries expanded their Belarus-related sanctions lists. Namely, the EU imposed a fifth round of restrictive measures against 17 individuals, targeting judges and top Belarusian officials, and 11 companies (Belavia, among others);[88] the UK imposed sanctions against 8 Belarusian individuals and Belaruskali;[89] the US designated 20 Belarusian individuals (Alexander Lukashenko's middle son Dmitry, GUBOPiK and State Border Committee officials, Belarusian sports official and politician Dzmitry Baskau, and Dmitriy Korzyuk, the deputy Minister of internal affairs) and 12 entities, identified three aircraft as blocked property and imposed sovereign debt restrictions on Belarus;[90] Canada blacklisted 24 individuals and 6 entities of Belarus.[91]
  • On 10 December, the United States Department of State designated two heads of Akrestsina Detention Center;[92] both had already been designated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury.[76]
  • On 20 December, Switzerland imposed sanctions against 17 individuals and 11 companies related to Belarus.[93] The new Swiss sanctions are identical to the 2 December EU designations.[94]
  • On 22 December, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Albania aligned themselves with the 2 December EU sanctions against Belarusian individuals and entities.[95]
  • On 3 February 2022, the United States imposed visa restrictions on Belarusian nationals involved in extraterritorial counter-dissident activity, including the Summer Olympics incident with Krystsina Tsimanouskaya, under the Khashoggi Ban.[96]

Alexander Lukashenko and his family

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Australia New Zealand Ukraine
Alexander Lukashenko President of Belarus [lower-alpha 1]
Viktor Lukashenko The eldest son of Alexander Lukashenko. National security advisor, member of the Security Council of Belarus, President of the Belarus Olympic Committee. [lower-alpha 1]
Liliya Lukashenka Wife of Viktar Lukashenka and daughter-in-law of Aliaksandr Lukashenka. According to the EU, "she has been closely connected with a number of high-profile companies, which have benefitted from the Lukashenka regime, including Dana Holdings / Dana Astra, Belkhudozhpromysly concern and Eastleigh trading Ltd. She was present, alongside her husband Viktar Lukashenka, on Aliaksandr Lukashenka’s secret inauguration in September 2020. She is therefore benefiting from and supporting the Lukashenka regime"[97]
Dmitry Lukashenko Son of Aliaksandr Lukashenka, businessman.[97]
Galina Lukashenko Wife of Aliaksandr Lukashenka.

Presidential Administration

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Igor Sergeenko Head of the Presidential Administration
Maxim Ryzhenkov First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration
Andrei Kuntsevich Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Belarus
Olga Chupris Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of Belarus
Dmitry Krutoi Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of Belarus
Igor Lutski[98] Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration, earlier Minister of Information of the Republic of Belarus (2020—2021)
Natalia Petkevich Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of Belarus (2004–2009), First First Deputy Head of the Administration (2009–2010) [lower-alpha 1]
Valery Ivanov Head of the Management Department of the Presidential Administration (2021–2022)
Viktor Sheiman Head of the Management Department of the Presidential Administration (before 2021), later Special Assistant/Aide to the President [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1]
Gennadiy Bogdan Deputy Head of the Management Department of the Presidential Administration

Members of Elections Commissions

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Ihar Karpenka Chairman of the Central Electoral Commission (since 2021), former Minister of Education (2016–2021)
Lidia Yermoshina Chairwoman of the Central Electoral Commission (1996–2021) [lower-alpha 1]
Vadim Ipatov Deputy Chairman of the Central Electoral Commission
Elena Dmukhailo Secretary of the Central Electoral Commission
Aleksandr Losyakin Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Olga Doroshenko Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Andrey Gurzhiy Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Sergey Kalinovski Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Svetlana Katsubo Secretary of the Central Electoral Commission
Igor Plyshevski Member of the Central Electoral Commission, Head of the Main Department of Justice of the Minsk City Executive Committee
Oleg Slizhevski Member of the Central Electoral Commission, Minister of Justice (2011–2021)
Irina Tselikovets Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Marina Rakhmanova Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Dzyanis Duk Member of the Central Electoral Commission and Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University rector
Alena Baldouskaya Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Yekaterina Fedosenko Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Alena Kuntsevich Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Alyaksandr Tkachou Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Alyaksandr Yuzhyk Member of the Central Electoral Commission
Dmitry Shevtsov Head of Minsk City Elections Commission, Chief of 1st Clinical Hospital of Minsk

Judges

Constitutional Court of Belarus

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Pyotr Miklashevich Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Belarus [lower-alpha 1]
Natalia Karpovich Deputy Chairwoman of the Constitutional Court of Belarus
Olga Sergeeva Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus
Tadeush Voronovich Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus
Tatyana Boiko Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus
Alla Bodak Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus
Anatoly Tikovenko Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus
Liliya Kozyreva Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus.
Stanislav Danilyuk Judge of the Constitutional Court of Belarus

Supreme Court of Belarus

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Valentin Sukalo Chairman of the Supreme Court of Belarus
Valeriy Kalinkovich First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Court
Andrei Zabara Deputy Chairman, Chairman of the Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus
Zhanna Shkurdiuk Deputy Chairwoman of the Supreme Court
Yury Kobets Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Court
Valiantsina Kulik Judge of the Supreme Court
Ihar Liubavitski Judge of the Supreme Court
Hanna Sakalouskaya Judge of the Supreme Court
Vladimir Davydov Judge of the Supreme Court

Lower courts

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Petr Orlov Judge at the Minsk City Court
Valentina Zenkevich Judge at the Minsk City Court
Sergey Khripach Judge at the Minsk City Court
Siarhei Yepikhau (Sergei Yepikhov) Judge at the Minsk Regional Court
Vyacheslav Tuleyko Judge at the Minsk Regional Court
Nikolai Dolya Judge at the Gomel Regional Court
Oleg Khoroshko Judge at the Gomel Regional Court
Dmitriy Bubenchik Judge at the Grodno Regional Court
Aleksandr Petrash Chairman of the Maskowski District Court, Minsk
Yuliya Blizniuk Deputy Chairwoman of the Frunzyenski District Court, Minsk
Aliaksandr Rudzenka (Aleksandr Rudenko) Deputy Chairman of the Kastrychnitski District Court, Minsk
Marina Zapasnik Deputy Chairwoman of the Leninsky District Court, Minsk
Aleksandr Yakunchihin Deputy Chairman of the Savyetski District Court, Minsk
Svetlana Vorotynskaya Deputy Chairwoman of the Chyhunachny District Court, Vitsebsk
Natalia Buguk Judge, Frunzyenski District, Minsk
Mariya Yerokhina Judge, Frunzyenski District, Minsk
Alena (Elena) Zhyvitsa Judge, Kastrychnitski District, Minsk
Olga Neborskaya Judge, Kastrychnitski District, Minsk
Tatsiana Matyl (Tatiana Motyl) Judge, Maskowski District, Minsk
Svetlana Bondarenko Judge, Maskowski District, Minsk
Tatiana Pirozhnikova Judge, Maskowski District, Minsk
Anastasia Achalava Judge, Leninsky District, Minsk
Natalia Dedkova Judge, Partyzanski District, Minsk
Anastasia Kulik Judge, Pyershamayski District, Minsk
Maksim Trusevich Judge, Pyershamayski District, Minsk
Mikhail Yurchenko Judge, Pyershamayski District, Minsk
Marina Fedorova Judge, Savyetski District, Minsk
Vera Golovkova Judge, Savyetski District, Minsk
Siarhei Shatsila Judge, Savyetski District, Minsk
Aliaksandr Vouk (Aleksandr Volk) Judge, Savyetski District, Minsk
Yulia Hustyr Judge, Tsentralny District, Minsk
Dzmitriy Karsiuk (Dmitriy Karsyuk) Judge, Tsentralny District, Minsk
Ivan Kostyan Judge, Tsentralny District, Minsk
Viktoriya Shabunia Judge, Tsentralny District, Minsk
Elena Nekrasova Judge, Zavodski District, Minsk
Andrei Hrushko (Grushko) Judge, Leninsky District, Brest
Andrei Lahunovich (Lagunovich) Judge, Savyetski District, Gomel
Anna Leusik Judge, Leninsky District, Grodno
Alena (Elena) Litvina Judge, Leninsky District, Mogilev
Yekaterina Gruda Judge, Baranavichy
Inna Pavlovskaya Judge, Baranavichy
Elena Gormash Judge of the Court of Babruysk District and Babruysk
Anna Osipenko Judge of the Court of Babruysk District and Babruysk
Vyacheslav Eliseenko Judge of the Dokshytsy District Court
Andrei Tarasevich Judge of the Hlybokaye District Court
Ludmila Vashchenko Judge of the Hlybokaye District Court
Gennadiy Kudlasevich Judge of the Ivanava District Court
Maksim Filatau (Filatov) Judge of the Lida District Court
Aleksei Irshin Judge of the Maladzechna District Court
Galina Knizhonak Judge of the Mazyr District Court
Zinaida Balabolava Judge of the Novopolotsk City Court
Alexander Tarakanov Judge of the Shklow District Court

Propaganda and information systems

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan New Zealand Ukraine
Ivan Eismant Head of the National State Television and Radio Company of Belarus
Alexander Zimovsky Head of the National State Television and Radio Company of Belarus (2005–2010) [lower-alpha 1]
Natallia Eismant Press secretary of Alexander Lukashenko
Vladimir Pertsov Minister of Information of the Republic of Belarus
Vladimir Rusakevich Minister of Information of the Republic of Belarus (2003–2009) [lower-alpha 1]
Konstantin Shulgan Minister of Communications and Informatization of the Republic of Belarus
Igor Buzovski Deputy Minister of Information
Pavel Liohki Deputy Minister of Information
Yuriy Petruchenya General Director, Beltelecom
Aleksey Pinchuk Head of the group of information support and cultural work, Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus
Andrei Krivosheev Head of the pro-gorvernment Belarusian Union of Journalists
Vadim Gigin Belarusian propagandist, head of the Belarus governmental society “Knowledge”, director of the National Library of Belarus
Marat Markov TV propagandist, manager of the state-owned ONT TV channel
Grigory Azaryonok[98] TV presenter and propagandist, National State Television and Radio Company of Belarus
Sergey Gusachenko[98] TV presenter and propagandist, National State Television and Radio Company of Belarus
Ihar Tur TV presenter and propagandist, National State Television and Radio Company of Belarus
Ksenia Lebedeva TV presenter and propagandist, National State Television and Radio Company of Belarus
Dzmitry Zhuk Editor-in-chief of Sovetskaya Belorussiya
Andrei Mukovozchik[98] Newspaper propagandist, Sovetskaya Belorussiya
Lyudmila Gladkaya Newspaper propagandist, Sovetskaya Belorussiya
Aleksandr Shpakovski Pro-gorvernment political analyst

Regional officials

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Ukraine
Aleksandr Turchin Chairman of the Minsk Region Executive Committee
Leonid Zayats Chairman of the Mahiliou Region Executive Committee (2019–2021), later Deputy Prime Minister
Nikolay Sherstnyov Chairman of Vitsebsk Region Executive Committee (2014–2021)
Ivan Krupko Chairman of Gomel Region Executive Committee (since 2021)
Gennady Solovey Chairman of Gomel Region Executive Committee (2019–2021)
Vladimir Karanik Chairman of Grodno Region Executive Committee (since 2020), earlier Minister of Healthcare (2019–2020)
Yuri Shuleyko Chairman of Brest Region Executive Committee (since 2021)
Petr Kirichenko Chairman of the Gomel City Executive Committee (2012–2022)
Dmitry Petrusha Head of Minsk Central District Administration (2018–2021)
Anton Kulak Chief of Architecture and Construction Department, Pyershamayski District, Minsk

Security Forces

KGB

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Ukraine
Ivan Tertel Chairman of the KGB, earlier Chairman of the State Control Committee (2020) and Deputy Chairman of the KGB (2008–2020)
Sergey Terebov First Deputy Chairman of the KGB
Oleg Chernyshov Deputy Chairman of the KGB
Vladimir Kalach Deputy Chairman of the KGB
Dmitry Reutski Deputy Chairman of the KGB
Valery Vakulchik Former Chairman of the KGB (2012–2020), State Secretary of the Security Council of Belarus in 2020
Stepan Sukhorenko Former Chairman of the KGB (2005–2007) [lower-alpha 1]
Konstantin Bychek Spokesperson of the KGB

Interior Ministry

Central apparatus
Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Ukraine
Yury Karayeu Minister of Internal Affairs (2019–2020), Major-General of Police
Nikolay Karpenkov[98] Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs. Colonel of Police
Ivan Kubrakov Head of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate of the Minsk City Executive Committee, later Interior Minister
Yuri Nazarenko Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs. Commander of Internal Troops
Aleksandr Barsukov Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Chief of Public Security Police, Major General of Police
Dmitriy Korzyuk Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, earlier Head of the Traffic Police
Olga Chemodanova Press Secretary of the Interior Ministry (2018–2021)
Aleksandr Agafonov Head of the Investigative Group
Alexander Shepelev Head of the Department for Safety and Security, Ministry of Internal Affairs
Alexander Bykov Commander of the Special Rapid Response Unit (SOBR), Lieutenant Colonel
Andrei Belenkov no data
Andrei Zagorsky Assistant Commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
Dmitry Kuryan Head of the Department of Law Enforcement of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Dmitry Pavlichenko Head of the Interior Ministry's Special Forces Veterans Association [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1]
Gennadiy Kazakevich First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Chief of the Criminal Police, Colonel of Police
Igor Burmistrov First Deputy Commander of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs – Head of Staff
Yury Sivakov Former Minister of Tourism and Sports, former Minister of Interior, and former Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1]
Khazalbek Atabekov Deputy Commander of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus
Maksim Rusanovich SOBR employee
Mikhail Valko Head of Operative Command of the Interior Ministry
Oleg Karazei Head of the Penitentiary Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus
Oleg Matkin Head of Penal Correction Department in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Major-General of Police
Oleg Belyakov Deputy Head of Penal Correction Department in the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Sergey Zubkov Alpha Group Commander
Oleg Shablyko Deputy Head of the Security Department, Head of Ideology and Staffing
Roman Melnik Head of the Main Department of Law Enforcement and Prevention
Sergei Khomenko Minister of Justice since 2021, earlier Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, Major-General of Police
Uladzimir Navumau Former Minister of the Interior. Former Head of the President's Security Service [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 1]
Vasili Vasiukovich Deputy Chief of Staff, Head of Control and Inspection Division of the Interior Ministry
Viktor Stanislavchik Deputy Head of Department - Head of Public Security Police
Viktoria Dashkova Police camerawoman
Vladimir Romaniuk Securities forces soldier
Vladislav Mandrik Head of the Correctional Process Organization Department, Interior Ministry
Yevgeniy Savich Member of the Internal Troops Spetsnaz
GUBOPiK
Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Andrei Parshin Head of GUBOPiK
Oleg Larin Deputy Head of GUBOPiK
Denis Chemodanov Deputy Head of GUBOPiK
Mikhail Bedunkevich Deputy Head of GUBOPiK
Vasiliy Sysoyev A divisional leader of GUBOPiK
Dmitriy Kovach A divisional leader of GUBOPiK
Aleksandr Zhivlyuk A divisional leader of GUBOPiK
Andrei Makarevich A divisional leader of GUBOPiK
Vladimir Vashkevich A divisional leader of GUBOPiK
Aleksandr Alyoksa A divisional leader of GUBOPiK
OMON
Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Dmitry Balaba Head of OMON, Minsk
Yury Podobed Former head of OMON, Minsk [lower-alpha 1]
Aleksey Kovalyov Commander of OMON group, Minsk City Police Department
Leonid Zhuravski Head of OMON in Vitsebsk
Maksim Mikhovich Head of OMON in Brest, Lieutenant Colonel
Mikhail Domarnatski Head of OMON, Homiel
Nikolay Gorelikov Head of OMON, Mahiliou
Viktor Kravtsevich OMON commander, Hrodna
Andrei Khomich Commander of OMON Operative Company, Minsk Police Department
Dmitry Zhmuro Commander of OMON Operative Company, Hrodna District
Kirill Yanushonok OMON Operational Company Department Commander, Vitsebsk Region
Sergey Manaev Deputy Commander of the OMON of the Vitsebsk Regional Executive Committee, responsible for ideological work and staffing
Pavel Asovik OMON soldier, Minsk Police Department
Regional police officials
Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Mikhail Hryb Head of the Minsk City Police Department
Aleksandr Vasilyev Head of the Department of Internal Affairs of Homiel Region Executive Committee
Anatoly Vasiliev Head of Department of Internal Affairs of Homiel Region
Oleg Shulyakovsky First Deputy Head of the Department of Internal Affairs of Homiel Executive Committee; Head of Criminal Police
Aleksandr Voiteshko Head of Traffic Police, Hrodna Region
Alexander Aleshkevich First Deputy Head of the District Department of Internal Affairs in Maskouski District, Minsk, Head of Criminal Police
Alexander Pavlovich Head of the Department of Internal Affairs of Homiel Region Executive Committee
Aleksandr Kisel Chief of the Public Security Police of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Brest Regional Executive Committee
Aleksandr Astreiko Head of Department of Internal Affairs of Brest Region Executive Committee, Major-General of Police
Ivan Sokolovski Director of the Okrestina detention centre, Minsk
Leonid Kruk Chief of Public Order Protection Department, Uzda District
Andrei Guz Police Battalion Commander, Savyetski District of Minsk
Dmitry Shumilin Deputy Head of Mass Events, Minsk Police
Maxim Gamola Head of the Police Department of Maskouski District, Minsk
Andrei Galenka Deputy Head of the District Department of Internal Affairs in Maskouski District, Minsk, Head of Public Safety Police
Aleksei Shakhovich Head of the Department of Law Enforcement and Prevention, Chief of the Public Security Police of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Vitsebsk Regional Executive Committee
Andrei Lagota Chief of the Department of the Interior, Zhabinka District
Andrei Prikhodko Precinct Police Inspector, Savyetski District, Minsk
Sergey Kalinnik First Deputy Head of the Department of Internal Affairs, Head of the Criminal Police, Savyetski District of Minsk
Andrey Lilya Chief Ideologist and HR, Penal Colony Number 13, Hlybokaye
Artiom Bagrets Guard, Prison Number 1, Navapolatsk
Gennadiy Solovey Deputy Chief - Chief of the Public Security Police of the Salihorsk District
Dmitriy Vishnevskiy Chief Minors Affairs Inspector, Orsha District
Sergei Semenov Senior detective of the Drug Control and Anti-Trafficking group, Criminal Police, Rahachou District
Yegor Guk Chief of Special Police Group, Department of Security, Lida District
Sergey Grib Head of Police Station number 2, Skidzel, Hrodna Region
Sergey Gerashchenko District police inspector, Chachersk District
Sergey Solovey Deputy Head of the Salihorsk District Department of Internal Affairs
Vadim Prigara Police Chief, Maladzechna District
Valery Zhuk Acting Deputy Chief of Police, Valozhyn District
Vitaliy Stasiukevich Deputy Head of the Public Security Police, Hrodna
Vitaliy Osotski Head of the Vaukavysk District Department of Internal Affairs
Alexander Kornienko Former head of the Penal Colony IK-17, Shklow
Andrei Palchik Former head of correctional colony No 1, Novopolotsk
Mikhail Murashkin Former Deputy Head of the Municipal Department of Internal Affairs in Zhodzina; First Deputy Head of the District Department of Internal Affairs in Barysaw
Nikolai Maksimovich Deputy Chief of the Public Security Militia, Internal Affairs Directorate of the Minsk Regional Executive Committee
Ruslan Mashadiyev Former Deputy Head of Penal Colony No°1; Current Head of Penal Colony No°1
Sergey Karchevskiy Head of the regime department of Penal Colony No 17, Shklow
Sergey Masliukov Head colonel of the internal service of Educational Colony No.°2, Babruysk
Svetlana Pokhodova Head of Penal Colony No.°4 for women, Gomel
Yevgeniy Bubich Head of Penal Colony No.°2, Babruysk
Yuriy Vasilevich Head of Penal Colony No.°14, Novosady

Prosecutor’s Office

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Ukraine
Andrei Shved Prosecutor General of Belarus
Alexey Stuk Deputy Prosecutor General of the Republic of Belarus
Aleksandr Konyuk Former Prosecutor General of the Republic of Belarus.

Investigative Committee

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Ukraine
Dmitry Gora Chairman of the Investigative Committee of Belarus
Ivan Noskevich Former Chairman of the Investigative Committee of Belarus
Anatoli Vasiliev Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee
Sergei Azemsha Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee
Alexey Volkov Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee
Oleg Shandarovich Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee
Andrei Smal Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee
Gennadi Dysko Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee
Aleksei Kovrizhkin  Head of the Investigation Group of the Central Apparatus of the Investigative Committee

State Border Committee

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Ukraine
Anatol Lapo Then-Chairman of the Committee (until 2023)
Igor Butkevich First Deputy Chairman of the Committee
Siarhei Novikau Deputy Chairman of the Committee
Ihar Pechan Deputy Chairman of the Committee
Raman Podlineu Deputy Chairman of the Committee
Konstantin Molostov Then-Head of the Grodno Border Group, Chairman of the Committee since 2023
Igor Gutnik Head of the Brest Border Group
Maksim Butranets Head of the Smorgon Border Detachment
Aliaksandr Davidziuk Head of the Lida Border Detachment
Pavel Kharchanka Head of the Polotsk Border Detachment
Igor Kriuchkov Head of OSAM

Military

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Australia New Zealand Ukraine
Viktor Khrenin Minister of Defence
Andrei Ravkov Belarus Ambassador to Azerbaijan, former Secretary of State of the Security Council of Belarus (2020), earlier Minister of Defence
Viktor Gulevich Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Belarus
Alexander Volfovich State Secretary of Security Council of Belarus, earlier Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Belarus
Andrei Zhuk Deputy Minister of Defence
Vadim Denisenko Commander of the Special Forces of Belarus
Igor Golub Commander of the Belarusian Air Force
Andrei Gurtsevich First Deputy Commander of the Belarusian Air Force
Oleg Voinov Head of the International Military Cooperation Department of the Ministry of Defence, later director of the National Archive of Belarus

State Authority for Military Industry

Name Remarks European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Switzerland Australia New Zealand Ukraine Japan
Dmitry Pantus Chairman of the State Authority for Military Industry
Viachaslau Rassalai Deputy Chairman of the State Authority for Military Industry

State Control Committee

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland
Igor Marshalov Deputy Chairman of the State Control Committee, Director of the Financial Investigations Department of the State Control Committee
Andrey Prokopuk Deputy Director of the Financial Investigations Department of the State Control Committee
Victor Selitskiy Deputy Director of the Financial Investigations Department of the State Control Committee
Viktor Franskevich Deputy Director of the Financial Investigations Department of the State Control Committee
Artem Dunko Senior Inspector for Special Matters of the Financial Investigations Department of the State Control Committee

Prime Minister and his deputies

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Ukraine
Roman Golovchenko Prime Minister since June 2020
Syarhey Rumas Former Prime Minister (before June 2020)
Anatoli Sivak Deputy Prime Minister since 2020, earlier Chairman of the Minsk City Executive Committee (2018–2020)
Igor Petrishenko Deputy Prime Minister
Yuriy Nazarov Deputy Prime Minister (until 2022), later Head of the Management Department of the Presidential Administration

Other government officials

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Ukraine
Vladimir Makei Minister of Foreign Affairs (2012–2022)
Aleksey Avramenko Minister of Transport and Communications (2019–2023)
Yuriy Seliverstov Minister of Finance
Aleksandr Chervyakov Minister of Economy
Viktor Karankevich Minister of Energy
Anatoly Markevich Minister of Culture
Sergey Kovalchuk Minister of Sport and Tourism
Viktar Halavanau Minister of Justice (2001–2011) [lower-alpha 1]
Alexander Radkov Minister of Education (2003–2010), First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration (2010–2014), leader of Belaya Rus (2007–2018) [lower-alpha 1]
Andrei Pavlyuchenko Head of the Operations and Analysis Center
Aleksei Lyakhnovich Deputy Minister of Transport and Communications
Artsiom Sikorsky Director for the Aviation Department of the Ministry of Transport and Communication
Mikhail Portnoy Deputy Minister of Sport and Tourism
Anatoly Glaz Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Members of the National Assembly of Belarus

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Ukraine
Natalya Kochanova Speaker of the Council of the Republic of Belarus
Dzmitry Baskau Member of the Council of the Republic of Belarus, former Chief of Belarusian Ice Hockey Association
Oleg Romanov Member of the Council of the Republic of Belarus, leader of political party Belaya Rus
Vladimir Andreichenko Speaker of the House of Representatives
Gennady Davydko Member of the House of Representatives, Chairperson of the Standing Commission on Human Rights and Media
Oleg Gaidukevich Member of the House of Representatives, Deputy Chairperson of the Standing Commission on International Affairs
Svetlana Liubetskaya Member of the House of Representatives, Chairperson of the Standing Commission on Law
Aleksei Yegorov Member of the House of Representatives, Deputy Chairperson of the Standing Commission on Law
Aleksandr Omelyaniuk Member of the House of Representatives, Deputy Chairperson of the Standing Commission on Law
Oleg Belokonev Member of the House of Representatives, Deputy Chairperson of the Standing Commission on National Security

Managers of the state-owned enterprises

Name Remarks European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Australia New Zealand Ukraine
Leonid Churo CEO of Belaeronavigatsia
Vladimir Morozov CEO of Belarusian Railway
Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Korchik CEO of Belarusian Steel Works
Ivan Golovaty CEO of Belaruskali and Member of the Council of the Republic of Belarus
Sergei Nikiforovich CEO of BelAZ
Andrei Rybakov CEO of Belneftekhim
Alexander Moroz CEO of BelOMO
Alexey Shkadarevich Head of the STC "LEMT", a BelOMO subsidiary
Andrei Bunakov CEO of Belshina
Igor Lyashenko CEO of Grodno Azot
Valery Ivankovich CEO of Minsk Automobile Plant
Vyacheslav Khoroneko Minsk National Airport director
Aliaksei Rymasheuski CEO of MZKT
Aliaksandr Vetsianevich Deputy CEO of MZKT

Businesspeople

Name Remarks European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Australia New Zealand Ukraine
Mikalai Varabei Businessman. According to the EU, he "is benefiting from and supporting the Lukashenka regime."[99]
Ekaterina Smushkovich Mikalai Varabei's daughter.
Aliaksei Aleksin According to the EU, "Aliaksei Aleksin is one of the leading businessmen in Belarus, with business interests in the sectors of oil and energy, real estate, development, logistics, tobacco, retail, finance and others. He enjoys a close relationship with Aliaksandr Lukashenka and his son and former National Security Advisor Viktar Lukashenka. He is active in the biker movement in Belarus, a hobby he shares with Viktar Lukashenka. His company owns property in “Alexandria 2” (Mogilev region), commonly called “presidential residence”, where Aliaksandr Lukashenka is a frequent visitor."[97]
Inna Aleksina Aliaksei Aleksin's wife.
Dzmitry Aleksin Aliaksei Aleksin's son.
Vitaly Aleksin Aliaksei Aleksin's son.
Aleksandr Zaitsev Businessman.[97]
Mikhail Gutseriyev Russian businessman, owner of SAFMAR, Slavkali and Slavneft companies. According to the EU, Gutseriyev "is a long-time friend of Aliaksandr Lukashenka and thanks to this association has accumulated significant wealth and influence among the political elite in Belarus. “SAFMAR”, a company controlled by Gutseriyev, was the only Russian oil firm that carried on supplying oil to Belarusian refineries during the energy crisis between Belarus and Russia in early 2020."[97]
Siarhei Tsiatsieryn Businessman. According to the EU, "Siarhei is one of the leading businessmen operating in Belarus, with business interests in distribution of alcohol drinks (through his company “Belglobalstart”), food products and furniture. He belongs to Lukashenko's inner circle. In 2019, Belglobalstart was granted an opportunity to start the construction of a multi-functional business centre in front of the presidential palace in Minsk. He co-owns the company VIBEL that sells commercials on a number of Belarusian national TV channels. He is the chairman of Belarusian Tennis Federation and former Lukashenka's aide for sports matters."[97]
Aliaksandr Shakutsin  Businessman. According to the EU, he "is reported to be one of the persons who benefited most from the privatisation during Lukashenko’s tenure as President."[99]
Vladimir Peftiev Businessman.
Pavel Topuzidis Businessman.
Olga Sheiman Businesswoman, Viktor Sheiman's daughter.
Sergei Sheiman Businessman, Viktor Sheiman's son.
Anna Pushkareva Viktor Sheiman's alleged business partner.
Bogoljub Karić Businessman, the key figure in Dana Holdings.
Nebojsa Karić Businessman, one of the key figures in Dana Holdings, son of Bogoljub Karić.
Aliaksandr Shatrou CEO of Synesis.

State university rectors

Name Remarks European Union Norway Switzerland
Sergey Rubnikovich Belarusian State Medical University rector
Mikhail Borozna Belarusian State Academy of Arts rector
Aleksandr Bakhanovich Brest State Technical University rector

Others

Name Remarks Latvia Estonia Lithuania United States Ukraine
Andrei Krivonosov  Military Commissary of the Homiel Region
Igor Romanionok Employee of Fire Brigade Number 12, Minsk
Mikhail Orda[98] Chief of state-controlled Federation of Unions
Vladimir Bazanov Then-chief of Football Federation of Belarus
Dmitry Shakuta Former champion kickboxer
Maksim Nedasekau Belarusian high jumper

Government institutions

Name Remarks European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Australia New Zealand Ukraine
Alpha Group An elite unit of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus
Brest Region Police Department
Central Election Commission of Belarus The body responsible for conducting national elections and overseeing local elections in Belarus
Financial Investigations Department A department of the State Control Committee
Gomel Region Police Department
GUBOPiK A state security service of Belarus
Institute of Powder Metallurgy of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Internal Troops of Belarus A paramilitary law enforcement force in Belarus subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Investigative Committee of Belarus A preliminary inquiry body
KGB The national intelligence agency of Belarus
Ministry of Defence
Minsk City Police Department
Minsk Special Purpose Police Unit (Minsk OMON) The Minsk subdivision of the riot police of Belarus
National Bank of Belarus
Okrestina A pre-trial detention centre in Minsk
OSAM A Belarusian special border guard unit
State Authority for Military Industry A Belarusian government agency that oversees the creation and coordination of Belarusian defence products.

State−owned companies

Name Remarks European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Australia New Zealand Ukraine
140 Repair Plant A special purpose equipment producer
558 Aircraft Repair Plant A special purpose equipment producer
AGAT Electromechanical Plant A special purpose equipment producer
Bank Dabrabyt A state-owned commercial bank
Belaeronavigatsia A state-owned enterprise responsible for Belarusian air traffic control
Belagroprombank A state-owned commercial bank
Belarusbank A state-owned commercial bank
Belarusian Potash Company The main distributor of potash fertilizers produced by Belaruskali
Belarusian Railway The national state-owned railway company of Belarus
Belaruskali Largest potash producer in Belarus
Belavia The flag carrier and national airline of Belarus
BelAZ Belarusian automobile plant
Belintertrans A railway operator, a subsidiary of Belarusian Railway
Belinvestbank A state-owned commercial bank
Belkommunmash A state-owned manufacturer of electric public transport vehicles
Belneftekhim An association of petrochemical companies in Belarus, subordinated to the Council of Ministers [lower-alpha 2]
BelOMO A state-owned optics manufactoring company
Belorusneft A state-owned petrochemical company
Belshina A tire manufacturer in Belarus [lower-alpha 2]
Belteleradio The state television and radio broadcasting service
Byelorussian Steel Works A state company operating in the steel industry, located in Zhlobin
Development Bank A state-owned commercial bank
Gomel chemical plant A state-run producer of mineral fertilizers located in Gomel
Gomel Plant of Casting and Normals A subsidiary of GomSelMash, located in Gomel
Gomel radio plant A state-run plant located in Gomel
GomSelMash A state-run manufacturer of agricultural machinery located in Gomel
Horizont A state-run home appliances producer, located in Minsk
Grodno Azot A Belarusian state-run producer of nitrogen compounds and fertilizers located in Grodno [lower-alpha 2]
Grodno tobacco factory Largest cigarette producer in Belarus
Hotel Minsk A state-owned hotel in Minsk
Minsk Bearing Plant A state-run machine-building enterprise located in Minsk
Minsk Civil Aviation Plant 407 A state-owned aircraft component manufacturer and repair facility located in Minsk
Minsk Electrotechnical Plant A state-owned producer of electricity equipment located in Minsk
Minsk Research Institute of Radio Materials A research enterprise within the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, located in Minsk.
Mogilev Metallurgical Plant A state-run plant located in Mogilev
Hotel Planeta A state-owned hotel in Minsk
Integral A state-owned IC producer
Lakokraska Belarusian producer of paints and varnishes located in Lida [lower-alpha 2]
MAZ Minsk automobile plant
Mozyr Oil Refinery A state-owned oil refinery located in Mazyr
MTZ Minsk Tractor Works
MZKT Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant
Naftan A Belarusian state-owned oil refinery located in Novopolotsk [lower-alpha 2]
Orsha Aircraft Repair Plant A state-owned aircraft repair and manufactorer plant, located in Orsha
Peleng A state-owned defence producer and an equipment for forensic, security, and surveillance systems manufacturer
Polotsk Steklovolokno A Belarusian state-owned glass manufacturer located in Polotsk [lower-alpha 2]
Precision Electromechanics Plant A Belarusian state defence enterprise
Svetlogorskkhimvolokno A Belarusian state-run producer of polyester materials located in Svietlahorsk
TransAVIAexport Airlines A Belarusian national airline involved in air transportation of cargo
Zenit-BelOMO A subsidiary of BelOMO, located in Vileyka

Other notable entities

Name Remarks European Union United Kingdom Canada United States Norway Switzerland Japan Australia New Zealand Ukraine
Absolutbank A private commercial bank
Alfa-Bank A commercial bank, controlled by Alfa-Bank (Russia)
Amkodor A privately owned machine-building company.
Bank BelVEB A commercial bank, owned mostly by VEB.RF (Russia)
Belarus Olympic Committee
Belgazprombank A commercial bank, owned by Gazprom and Gazprombank (Russia)
BNB bank A commercial bank, owned by Bank of Georgia
Cham Wings Airlines A private Syrian airline [lower-alpha 3] [lower-alpha 3]
Dana Holdings A private group of construction companies
KB Display A special-purpose computers and information display devices producer
KB Unmanned Helicopters A private Belarusian manufacturer of the unmanned aerial vehicles
Minotor-Service A company that manufactures and maintains land and amphibious combat tracked vehicles
MTBank A private commercial bank
Paritetbank A private commercial bank
Priorbank A private commercial bank, owned mostly by Raiffeisen Bank International (Austria)
Sberbank A commercial bank, owned by Russian Sberbank
StatusBank A private commercial bank
Svyazinvest A Belarusian developer and manufacturer of telecommunications equipment
Synesis Group A private IT company that provides a surveillance platform, among other products
Vitebsk Plant of Radio Components "Monolith" A Belarusian company of the electronics industry, located in Vitebsk
VTB Bank Belarus A commercial bank, owned mostly by VTB Bank (Russia)

Circumvention of sanctions

In 2020 and 2021, Belarusian authorities made various efforts to circumvent the Western sanctions. They also hid the statistics to prevent revealing the ways used to circumvent them and track their effects.[100][101] In particular, access to data regarding production and exports of the sanctioned goods became restricted to public.[100] In October 2021, Belstat started to hide data regarding exports of tractors and trucks.[102] Overall classified exports in January-August 2021 is estimated at US$8.2 billion.[102] In September 2021, Alexander Lukashenko mentioned minister of industry Petr Parkhomchik and vice prime minister Yuriy Nazarov as the people who organized the circumvention of sanctions.[103] He also accused several workers of state factories of gathering information about the ways used to circumvent the sanctions, and he threatened them with imprisonment.[103][104] 13 workers from Grodno Azot fertilizer factory, Naftan oil refinery, BMZ steel mill and Belarusian Railway were arrested by the Belarusian KGB in a possible connection with this statement. It was reported that some of them were accused of state treason.[103] At least two of them were later released.[105]

Shareholder structure of several companies was changed in order to take the subsidiary companies out from the restrictions.[100] It was suggested that companies related to Lukashenko's deputy businessperson Mikalai Varabei were used to bypass the sanctions in the petroleum sector of industry.[100] Polisch political scientist Piotr Żochowski suggested that the authorities will redirect their exports "through a chain of intermediaries in other countries", thus partially circumventing the sanctions.[106]

Some Western companies helped Belarusian authorities to avoid sanctions or lobbied their lifting. In October 2021, director of the state-owned BMZ steel mill boasted that his factory wasn't sanctioned "due to certain actions taken by BMZ clients".[107][108] In October 2021, Belgian authorities showed interest in easing of sanctions against Belarusian potash industry.[109] It was later revealed that Belgian chemical company Tessenderlo Group lobbied this initiative.[110]

Journalists uncovered ways of circumventing the sanctions against BelAZ,[111] Dana Holdings,[112] Grodno Azot,[113] Naftan,[114] Aliaksei Aleksin,[115] Aliaksandr Shakutsin,[116] Mikalai Varabei[117] and Aliaksandr Zaitsau,[118] among others.

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 This person has already been added to the respective sanctions list since before the 2020 election.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 This entity has already been added to the US sanctions list after the 2006 or the 2010 election; the sanctions against these entities were temporarily lifted in 2015 and reintroduced following the 2020 election.
  3. 1 2 Cham Wings Airlines was designated by this state not as part of the Belarusian sanctions program.

References

  1. OFAC Sanctions List Search, US Department of the Treasury official website
  2. "L_2006134EN.01000101.xml". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2017-10-31.
  3. "COUNCIL DECISION 2010/639/CFSP of 25 October 2010 concerning restrictive measures against certain officials of Belarus". Official Journal of the European Union. 25 October 2010.
  4. "'Hundreds of protesters arrested' in Belarus". BBC. 20 December 2010.
  5. 1 2 "EUR-Lex - 32012D0642 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  6. "Как есть: журналиста ОНТ Алексея Михальченко исключили из "черного списка" ЕС". TUT.BY (in Russian). 2014-09-23. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  7. "Council Decision 2014/750". Retrieved 2020-02-11.
  8. "CURIA - Documents". curia.europa.eu. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  9. "COUNCIL DECISION (CFSP) 2016/280 of 25 February 2016 amending Decision 2012/642/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Belarus". EUR-Lex. 27 February 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  10. 1 2 "Lithuania sanctions 30 Belarusian officials including Lukashenko". Lietuvos nacionalinis radijas ir televizija. BNS. 31 August 2020.
  11. The sanctions of the Government of the Republic in view of the situation in Belarus
  12. Emmott, Robin (7 September 2020). "EU to blacklist 31 Belarus senior officials over election, diplomats say". The Globe and Mail Inc. Reuters.
  13. Consolidated Canadian Autonomous Sanctions List - Government of Canada, official website, 02 October 2020
  14. Canadian Sanctions Related to Belarus - Government of Canada official website
  15. Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets in the UK - 06 November 2020
  16. Sanctions List Search
  17. 1 2 Treasury Sanctions Belarus Officials for Undermining Democracy - US Department of Treasury, 2 October 2020
  18. "Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 of 18 May 2006 concerning restrictive measures in respect of Belarus". EUR-Lex.
  19. EU relations with Belarus - European Council - Council of the European Union official website
  20. EU slaps sanctions on Belarus leader Lukashenko for crackdown - BBC, 7 November 2020
  21. Searching for subjects of sanctions
  22. 1 2 "New Zealand introduces Belarus travel bans". New Zealand Government. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  23. "COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2022/876". EUR-Lex. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
  24. "COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2023/1591". EUR-Lex. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  25. "U.S. Treasury Targets Belarusian Support for Russian Invasion of Ukraine". United States Department of the Treasury. Archived from the original on 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  26. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2022-49". Canada Gazette. 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  27. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2022-58". Canada Gazette. 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  28. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2022-75". Canada Gazette. 2022-04-05. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  29. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2022-167". Canada Gazette. 2022-06-25. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  30. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2022-240". Canada Gazette. 2022-11-17. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  31. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2023-71". Global Affairs Canada. 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  32. "Regulations Amending the Special Economic Measures (Belarus) Regulations: SOR/2023-178". Global Affairs Canada. 2023-08-04. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  33. "Australia and sanctions". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
  34. "Japan hits Russia and Belarus with more sanctions over Ukraine invasion". The Japan Times. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  35. 1 2 "Russia Sanctions". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
  36. "The main database of sanctions that were imposed after Russia's attack on Ukraine". National Agency on Corruption Prevention.
  37. "COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 269/2014". EUR-Lex.
  38. Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets in the UK. Regime: Russia
  39. "Belarus election: Exiled leader calls weekend of 'peaceful rallies'". BBC News. 14 August 2020.
  40. "EU announces sanctions against Belarus over 'violence' on protesters and electoral 'falsification'". Euro News. 14 August 2020.
  41. Meredith, Sam (19 August 2020). "EU to impose sanctions on Belarusian officials for election fraud, calls for a new vote". CNBC.
  42. "EU threatens Belarus sanctions as it rejects election result". Sky News. 19 August 2020.
  43. "EU Executive to Reroute 53 Million Euros to Help Civil Society, Fight Against COVID in Belarus". The New York Times. Reuters. 19 August 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  44. "Threat of new crackdown on protesters as EU signals support for 'peaceful transition' in Belarus". Euro News. 19 August 2020.
  45. "Lithuanian lawmakers vote for sanctions against Belarus NEW". WVVA. 18 August 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-08-22. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  46. "Bieloruská kríza: Matovič chce ekonomické sankcie proti páchateľom". slovensko.hnonline.sk. 19 August 2020.
  47. "Baltic states issue travel ban on Belarus President Lukashenko | DW | 31.08.2020". Deutsche Welle.
  48. "Cyprus says its issues with Turkey not linked to EU Belarus sanctions (Updated)". Cyprus Mail. 10 September 2020.
  49. "Greece Presses EU to Draw Up 'Severe' Sanctions on Turkey". Bloomberg. 10 September 2020.
  50. "Baltic states extend travel ban to more Belarus officials". Reuters. 25 September 2020 via www.reuters.com.
  51. "Belarus: UK sanctions 8 members of regime, including Alexander Lukashenko". Government of the United Kingdom. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  52. Global Affairs Canada (29 September 2020). "Backgrounder: Belarus sanctions". www.canada.ca.
  53. Tidey, Alice (2 October 2020). "Belarus: EU agrees sanctions on 40 officials but not Lukashenko". Euronews. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  54. "Treasury Sanctions Belarus Officials for Undermining Democracy". U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  55. "SECO: Ordinance on measures against Belarus". www.seco.admin.ch.
  56. "Switzerland joins EU in sanctions against top Belarus officials". SWI swissinfo.ch.
  57. Global Affairs Canada (15 October 2020). "Belarus sanctions". www.canada.ca.
  58. "EU slaps sanctions on Belarus leader Lukashenko for crackdown". BBC News. 2020-11-06. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  59. Backgrounder: Belarus sanctions
  60. "EU to slap sanctions on Belarus firms close to Lukashenko". Deutsche Welle. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  61. Jo Harper (2020-11-17). "Lukashenko, Belarus brace for economic winter of discontent". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  62. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the alignment of certain third countries concerning restrictive measures against Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  63. "Baltic states expand Belarus sanctions list". lrt.lt. 20 November 2020.
  64. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the alignment of certain countries concerning restrictive measures against Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  65. "Belarus: Federal Council extends scope of sanctions". www.admin.ch.
  66. Rikard Jozwiak (2020-12-17). "EU Officially Slaps More Economic Sanctions On Belarus Over Crackdown". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  67. "Treasury Sanctions Additional Belarusian Regime Actors for Undermining Democracy". U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  68. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain countries concerning restrictive measures against Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  69. "Financial Sanctions Notice: Belarus" (PDF).
  70. "Sanctions: Ordinance on measures against Belarus". www.seco.admin.ch.
  71. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the alignment of certain third countries concerning restrictive measures against Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  72. "Baltics blacklist another 118 reps of Belarusian regime". lrt.lt. 25 March 2021.
  73. Erroneously stated as eight in the official EU press release; seven entities are mentioned in mass media and in the Official Journal of the EU
  74. "Belarus: fourth package of EU sanctions over enduring repression and the forced landing of a Ryanair flight". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  75. "UK imposes sanctions on Belarus following forced landing of Ryanair flight". Government of the United Kingdom. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  76. 1 2 "Treasury and International Partners Condemn Ongoing Human Rights Abuses and Erosion of Democracy in Belarus". U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  77. Global Affairs Canada (21 June 2021). "Backgrounder - Sanctions related to Belarus". www.canada.ca.
  78. "EU imposes sanctions on Belarusian economy". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  79. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision (CFSP) 2021/1002 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  80. "Sanctions: Ordinance on measures against Belarus". www.seco.admin.ch.
  81. Affairs, Ministry of Foreign (12 July 2021). "Norway adopts further restrictive measures against Belarus". Government.no.
  82. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision (CFSP) 2021/1031 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  83. "Financial Sanctions Notice: Belarus" (PDF).
  84. "Belarus: UK imposes significant new package of economic sanctions on Belarus on anniversary of fraudulent election". Government of the United Kingdom. 9 August 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  85. "Treasury Holds the Belarusian Regime to Account on Anniversary of Fraudulent Election". U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  86. Global Affairs Canada (9 August 2021). "Canada imposes additional sanctions on first anniversary of Belarus's fraudulent presidential elections". www.canada.ca.
  87. "Belarus: Federal Council tightens sanctions". www.admin.ch.
  88. "EU imposes new sanctions on Belarus in coordination with U.S., Britain". Reuters. December 2, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  89. "UK imposes further sanctions to hold Lukashenko regime to account for human rights violations in Belarus". Government of the United Kingdom. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  90. "Treasury Expands Sanctions Against Belarusian Regime with Partners and Allies". U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  91. Global Affairs Canada (2 December 2021). "Belarus sanctions". www.canada.ca.
  92. "The United States Promotes Accountability for Human Rights Violations and Abuses". United States Department of State. December 10, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  93. "Sanctions: Ordinance on measures against Belarus". www.seco.admin.ch.
  94. O'Kane, Michael (22 December 2021). "Switzerland imposes Belarus sanctions". EU Sanctions.
  95. "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain countries concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Belarus". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  96. "Promoting Accountability for Transnational Repression of Belarusian Athletes Abroad". United States Department of State. February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  97. 1 2 3 4 5 6 COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2021/997 - Official Journal of the European Union, 21 June 2021
  98. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Латвия, Литва и Эстония добавили более 20 беларусов в санкционный список [Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia add more than 20 Belarusians to sanctions list] - Mediazona.by, 20.11.2020
  99. 1 2 COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/2129 – Official Journal of the European Union, 17 December 2020
  100. 1 2 3 4 Mateusz Kubiak (10 August 2021). "Belarus Struggles to Circumvent Western Sanctions Against Its Oil Industry". jamestown.org. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  101. Арина Ползик (3 September 2021). "Смертность и экспорт. Зачем Беларусь скрывает статистику" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  102. 1 2 Вадим Шаталин (18 October 2021). "Беларусь засекретила 15 процентов экспорта в Россию" (in Russian). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  103. 1 2 3 "Работники "Азота", БМЗ, БелЖД, "Нафтана". Что известно о задержанных, которых показали по госТВ". zerkalo.io. 27 September 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  104. «Но посмотрите на своих сотрудников на предприятиях. У меня есть информация, что мерзавцев несколько там еще кое-где осталось, и они ставят перед собой цель проинформировать коллективный Запад о том, как Пархомчик с Назаровым пытаются обойти санкции. Шпионят фактически и сдают информацию туда... — Сядут, и надолго. Это я прямо говорю» = "But look on your employees at your enterprises. I have the information that several scoundrels are still there, and they set themselves the goal of informing the collective West about how Parkhomchik and Nazarov are trying to circumvent the sanctions. They actually spy and pass information there... They will go to prison, and for a long time, let me be clear."
  105. "В Новополоцке продолжаются задержания работников". Belsat TV. 28 September 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  106. Piotr Żochowski (25 June 2021). "Painful EU sectoral sanctions against Belarus". Centre for eastern studies. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  107. Belarusian steel mill BMZ posts $170m in profits year to date
  108. Гендиректор БМЗ: мы не попали под санкции благодаря определенной работе наших клиентов
  109. Alberto Nardelli, Yuliya Fedorinova (19 October 2021). "Belgium Is Pushing to Dilute the EU's Belarus Potash Sanctions". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  110. "Бельгийская пресса выяснила, кто пытался лоббировать интересы "Беларуськалия"" (in Russian). Charter 97. 23 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  111. Cerniauskas, Sarunas; Yarashevich, Ales; Kranceviciute, Migle (2021-11-25). "Ex-Prison Warden in Lithuania Struck $1M Deal with Sanctioned Belarusian State Truckmaker". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
  112. Cerniauskas, Sarunas; Yarashevich, Ales; Kranceviciute, Migle (2021-11-25). "Lukashenko Doles Out Prime Belarus Real Estate to Serbian Cronies". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
  113. Gotev, Georgi (2023-02-21). "Belarus fertilisers sanction-busting schemes revealed". Euractiv.
  114. Romanchuk, Yaroslav (28 May 2021). "The final push towards Russia's embrace. How tougher sanctions against Belarus could lead to its disappearance as an independent state". The Insider.
  115. Cerniauskas, Sarunas (2021-07-06). "Days Before EU Sanctions, Belarusian Oligarch's Family Sells its Firm and Bank". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
  116. "Belarusian oligarch uses Lithuanian firm to dodge sanctions in Germany – media". Lithuanian National Radio and Television. 2023-02-13. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  117. Кому принадлежат белорусские банки
  118. Gotev, Georgi (2023-04-25). "'Lukashenko wallet' used Catholic Church to evade EU sanctions". Euractiv.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.