36°59′18″N 35°20′5″E / 36.98833°N 35.33472°E / 36.98833; 35.33472

Seyhan
Sarus
Seyhan River flowing through Adana
Native name
Location
CountryTurkey
ProvincesKayseri, Adana, Mersin
DistrictsAladağ, Karaisalı, Çukurova, Sarıçam, Seyhan, Yüreğir, Tarsus
Towns/CitiesAdana, ancient Augusta
Physical characteristics
SourceAkinek Dağı
 • locationAladağ, Adana, Turkey
 • elevation1,500 m (4,900 ft)
MouthCape Deli, Mediterranean Sea
 • location
Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey
Length560 km (350 mi)
Basin size20,450 km2 (7,900 sq mi)[1]
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftZamantı

The Seyhan River (formerly written Seihan, Sihun; ancient name: Ancient Greek: Σάρος, Sáros), alternatively known as Sarus (or in Turkish as Sarus Su),[2] is the longest river of Cilicia and the longest of Turkey that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The river is 560 km and flows southwest from its headwaters in the Tahtalı-Mountains (in Sivas and Kayseri provinces) in the Anti-Taurus Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea via a broad delta. Its main tributaries are Zamantı and Göksu, which unite in Aladağ, Adana to form the Seyhan River. The Zamantı River originates from the Uzun Plateau in Pınarbaşı, Kayseri and crosses Tomarza, Develi and Yahyalı districts in Kayseri.

Its sources were reported being in the Taurus Mountains in Cataonia. It flowed through Cappadocia by the town of Comana, then through Cilicia. It is noted by numerous ancient authors including Livy,[3] Xenophon,[4] Procopius,[5] Strabo,[6] Ptolemy,[7] Appian,[8] Pliny the Elder,[9] and Eustathius of Thessalonica who erroneously calls it Sinarus.[10]

50 km from its mouth, Seyhan River flows through the city of Adana, the only settlement situated on the river. Several bridges and footbridges cross the river in Adana including the Stone Bridge, a 2nd-century Roman bridge. Ancient city of Augusta was also situated on the river, corresponding today to the east side of the Çatalan reservoir. The river meets the Mediterranean Sea at Cape Deli.

History

River Seyhan seen from Çatalan Bridge

An ancient Greco-Roman legend mentions that the name of the city of Adana originates from Adanus, the son of the Greek god Uranus, who founded the city next to the river with his brother. His brother's name, Sarus, was given to the river.[11]

Originally, the River Sarus flowed from the mountains,[12] became the Seyhan River whilst passing through Cilicia and then onwards to the Mediterranean Sea.[2]

In 2009, a total of 33 fish species were listed as being found in the Seyhan River, including 29 native, 3 introduced and 4 endemic species. Eight amphibians were listed and two of them (Rana holtzi and Triturus vittatus cilicensis) are known to be endemic to the river.[1]

The major Seyhan Dam upstream of Adana serves for irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control. Yedigöze, Çatalan and Kavşak Bendi are the other dams on Seyhan River which also serve the same purposes. The river is currently under extensive development for hydroelectric power and irrigation.[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Akbulut, Nuray; Bayarı, Serdar; Akbulut, Aydin; Şahin, Yalçın (2009). Rivers of Europe. pp. 643–672. ISBN 9780081026120.
  2. 1 2 John Garstang and O.R. Gurney The Geography of the Hittite Empire (1959), p. 51, at Google Books
  3. ↑ Livy. Ab urbe condita Libri [History of Rome]. Vol. 33.41.
  4. ↑ Xenophon, Anabasis 1.4.1.
  5. ↑ Procopius, de Aedif. 5.4.
  6. ↑ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. xii. p. 535. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
  7. ↑ Ptolemy. The Geography. Vol. 5.8.4.
  8. ↑ Appian Syr. 4.
  9. ↑ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 6.3.
  10. ↑ Eustathius of Thessalonica, ad Dion. Per. 867.
  11. ↑ Anton, Charles (1841). Classical Dictionary: Containing an account of the principal proper names mentioned in ancient authors... New York: Harper & Brothers.
  12. ↑ Charles Pye A New Dictionary of Ancient Geography, exhibiting the modern in addition to the Ancient Names of places (1803), p. 299, at Google Books
  13. ↑ "Cumulative Impact Assessment Baseline Monitoring Report for the Goksu-Seyhan Hydropower Cascade" (PDF). EnerjiSA. February 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2013.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Sarus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.


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