Sertaneja and Sertanejo are Brazilian terms that may refer to:

• Sertanejo, a resident of the Sertão (equivalent to a United States cowboy in frontier times)
• Sertaneja, Paraná, a municipality in Paraná, Brazil
• Sertanejo music, a musical genre in Brazil (known as Sertanejo)
• O sertanejo, a novel by the Brazilian writer José de Alencar
• Viola Sertaneja, a stringed musical instrument from North-eastern Brazil
• Sertanejo, nickname of Felipe Arantes, Brazilian mixed martial artist